diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
index d91be544a38..be7737593ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=linuxbsd tools=yes target=release_debug module_mono_enabled=yes mono_glue=no
 
+      # Execute unit tests for the editor
+      - name: Unit Tests
+        run: |
+          ./bin/godot.linuxbsd.opt.tools.64.mono --test
+
   linux-template:
     runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     name: Template w/ Mono (target=release, tools=no)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
index f6d357e7062..4a9fa910d05 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=osx tools=yes target=release_debug
 
+      # Execute unit tests for the editor
+      - name: Unit Tests
+        run: |
+          ./bin/godot.osx.opt.tools.64 --test
+
   macos-template:
     runs-on: "macos-latest"
     name: Template (target=release, tools=no)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
index 0c7f23036e0..c58bae82757 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=windows tools=yes target=release_debug
 
+    # Execute unit tests for the editor
+    - name: Unit Tests
+      run: |
+        ./bin/godot.windows.opt.tools.64.exe --test
+
 # Build Product Upload (tested and working)
 # sorry this is disabled until github can give us some more space as we would hit our limit very quickly
 # tested this code and it works fine so just enable it to get them back
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f4af79929c2..6af581040c0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ doc/_build/
 # CLion
 cmake-build-debug
 
+# clangd
+.clangd/
+
 # Android specific
 .gradle
 local.properties
 *.iml
-.idea
 .gradletasknamecache
 project.properties
 platform/android/java/lib/.cxx/
diff --git a/COPYRIGHT.txt b/COPYRIGHT.txt
index fc3079c361a..e5d30e3328a 100644
--- a/COPYRIGHT.txt
+++ b/COPYRIGHT.txt
@@ -126,6 +126,11 @@ Copyright: 2018, Eric Lasota
  2018, Microsoft Corp.
 License: Expat
 
+Files: ./thirdparty/doctest/
+Comment: doctest
+Copyright: 2016-2019, Viktor Kirilov
+License: Expat
+
 Files: ./thirdparty/enet/
 Comment: ENet
 Copyright: 2002-2020, Lee Salzman
diff --git a/SConstruct b/SConstruct
index e7ca8b30308..e23aa1cdbc9 100644
--- a/SConstruct
+++ b/SConstruct
@@ -641,6 +641,9 @@ if selected_platform in platform_list:
             }
         )
 
+    # enable test framework globally and inform it of configuration method
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=["DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT"])
+
     scons_cache_path = os.environ.get("SCONS_CACHE")
     if scons_cache_path != None:
         CacheDir(scons_cache_path)
diff --git a/core/string_name.h b/core/string_name.h
index df6b458581c..886ddd0ee76 100644
--- a/core/string_name.h
+++ b/core/string_name.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #include "core/safe_refcount.h"
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
+class Main;
+
 struct StaticCString {
 	const char *ptr;
 	static StaticCString create(const char *p_ptr);
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class StringName {
 	void unref();
 	friend void register_core_types();
 	friend void unregister_core_types();
-
+	friend class Main;
 	static Mutex mutex;
 	static void setup();
 	static void cleanup();
diff --git a/main/SCsub b/main/SCsub
index 7a301b82bc5..bf188d7328f 100644
--- a/main/SCsub
+++ b/main/SCsub
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ env.main_sources = []
 
 env.add_source_files(env.main_sources, "*.cpp")
 
-
 env.Depends("#main/splash.gen.h", "#main/splash.png")
 env.CommandNoCache("#main/splash.gen.h", "#main/splash.png", run_in_subprocess(main_builders.make_splash))
 
diff --git a/main/main.cpp b/main/main.cpp
index a500e173a2f..e60bdda18de 100644
--- a/main/main.cpp
+++ b/main/main.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "main.h"
 
+#include "core/core_string_names.h"
 #include "core/crypto/crypto.h"
 #include "core/debugger/engine_debugger.h"
 #include "core/input/input.h"
@@ -75,12 +76,14 @@
 #include "servers/xr_server.h"
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
+
 #include "editor/doc_data.h"
 #include "editor/doc_data_class_path.gen.h"
 #include "editor/editor_node.h"
 #include "editor/editor_settings.h"
 #include "editor/progress_dialog.h"
 #include "editor/project_manager.h"
+
 #endif
 
 /* Static members */
@@ -186,7 +189,8 @@ static String get_full_version_string() {
 // to have less code in main.cpp.
 void initialize_physics() {
 	/// 3D Physics Server
-	physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_server(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer3DManager::setting_property_name));
+	physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_server(
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer3DManager::setting_property_name));
 	if (!physics_server) {
 		// Physics server not found, Use the default physics
 		physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_default_server();
@@ -195,7 +199,8 @@ void initialize_physics() {
 	physics_server->init();
 
 	/// 2D Physics server
-	physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_server(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer2DManager::setting_property_name));
+	physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_server(
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer2DManager::setting_property_name));
 	if (!physics_2d_server) {
 		// Physics server not found, Use the default physics
 		physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_default_server();
@@ -254,20 +259,25 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -h, --help                       Display this help message.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --version                        Display the version string.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -v, --verbose                    Use verbose stdout mode.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --quiet                          Quiet mode, silences stdout messages. Errors are still displayed.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --quiet                          Quiet mode, silences stdout messages. Errors are still displayed.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n");
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Run options:\n");
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -e, --editor                     Start the editor instead of running the scene.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -p, --project-manager            Start the project manager, even if a project is auto-detected.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -p, --project-manager            Start the project manager, even if a project is auto-detected.\n");
 #endif
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -q, --quit                       Quit after the first iteration.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -l, --language <locale>          Use a specific locale (<locale> being a two-letter code).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --path <directory>               Path to a project (<directory> must contain a 'project.godot' file).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -l, --language <locale>          Use a specific locale (<locale> being a two-letter code).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --path <directory>               Path to a project (<directory> must contain a 'project.godot' file).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -u, --upwards                    Scan folders upwards for project.godot file.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --main-pack <file>               Path to a pack (.pck) file to load.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --render-thread <mode>           Render thread mode ('unsafe', 'safe', 'separate').\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --render-thread <mode>           Render thread mode ('unsafe', 'safe', 'separate').\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-fs <address>            Remote filesystem (<host/IP>[:<port>] address).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-fs-password <password>  Password for remote filesystem.\n");
 
@@ -308,9 +318,12 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --resolution <W>x<H>             Request window resolution.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --position <X>,<Y>               Request window position.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --low-dpi                        Force low-DPI mode (macOS and Windows only).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --no-window                      Disable window creation (Windows only). Useful together with --script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --enable-vsync-via-compositor    When vsync is enabled, vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-vsync-via-compositor   Disable vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --no-window                      Disable window creation (Windows only). Useful together with --script.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --enable-vsync-via-compositor    When vsync is enabled, vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-vsync-via-compositor   Disable vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --single-window                  Use a single window (no separate subwindows).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --tablet-driver                  Tablet input driver (");
 	for (int i = 0; i < OS::get_singleton()->get_tablet_driver_count(); i++) {
@@ -324,35 +337,51 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Debug options:\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -d, --debug                      Debug (local stdout debugger).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -b, --breakpoints                Breakpoint list as source::line comma-separated pairs, no spaces (use %%20 instead).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -b, --breakpoints                Breakpoint list as source::line comma-separated pairs, no spaces (use %%20 instead).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --profiling                      Enable profiling in the script debugger.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --gpu-abort                      Abort on GPU errors (usually validation layer errors), may help see the problem if your system freezes.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-debug <uri>             Remote debug (<protocol>://<host/IP>[:<port>], e.g. tcp://127.0.0.1:6007).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --gpu-abort                      Abort on GPU errors (usually validation layer errors), may help see the problem if your system freezes.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --remote-debug <uri>             Remote debug (<protocol>://<host/IP>[:<port>], e.g. tcp://127.0.0.1:6007).\n");
 #if defined(DEBUG_ENABLED) && !defined(SERVER_ENABLED)
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --debug-collisions               Show collision shapes when running the scene.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --debug-navigation               Show navigation polygons when running the scene.\n");
 #endif
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --frame-delay <ms>               Simulate high CPU load (delay each frame by <ms> milliseconds).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --time-scale <scale>             Force time scale (higher values are faster, 1.0 is normal speed).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-render-loop            Disable render loop so rendering only occurs when called explicitly from script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-crash-handler          Disable crash handler when supported by the platform code.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --fixed-fps <fps>                Force a fixed number of frames per second. This setting disables real-time synchronization.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --frame-delay <ms>               Simulate high CPU load (delay each frame by <ms> milliseconds).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --time-scale <scale>             Force time scale (higher values are faster, 1.0 is normal speed).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-render-loop            Disable render loop so rendering only occurs when called explicitly from script.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-crash-handler          Disable crash handler when supported by the platform code.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --fixed-fps <fps>                Force a fixed number of frames per second. This setting disables real-time synchronization.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --print-fps                      Print the frames per second to the stdout.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n");
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Standalone tools:\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -s, --script <script>            Run a script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --check-only                     Only parse for errors and quit (use with --script).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --check-only                     Only parse for errors and quit (use with --script).\n");
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export <preset> <path>         Export the project using the given preset and matching release template. The preset name should match one defined in export_presets.cfg.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("                                   <path> should be absolute or relative to the project directory, and include the filename for the binary (e.g. 'builds/game.exe'). The target directory should exist.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --export <preset> <path>         Export the project using the given preset and matching release template. The preset name should match one defined in export_presets.cfg.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"                                   <path> should be absolute or relative to the project directory, and include the filename for the binary (e.g. 'builds/game.exe'). The target directory should exist.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export-debug <preset> <path>   Same as --export, but using the debug template.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export-pack <preset> <path>    Same as --export, but only export the game pack for the given preset. The <path> extension determines whether it will be in PCK or ZIP format.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --doctool <path>                 Dump the engine API reference to the given <path> in XML format, merging if existing files are found.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --no-docbase                     Disallow dumping the base types (used with --doctool).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --build-solutions                Build the scripting solutions (e.g. for C# projects). Implies --editor and requires a valid project to edit.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --export-pack <preset> <path>    Same as --export, but only export the game pack for the given preset. The <path> extension determines whether it will be in PCK or ZIP format.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --doctool <path>                 Dump the engine API reference to the given <path> in XML format, merging if existing files are found.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --no-docbase                     Disallow dumping the base types (used with --doctool).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --build-solutions                Build the scripting solutions (e.g. for C# projects). Implies --editor and requires a valid project to edit.\n");
 #ifdef DEBUG_METHODS_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --gdnative-generate-json-api     Generate JSON dump of the Godot API for GDNative bindings.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --gdnative-generate-json-api     Generate JSON dump of the Godot API for GDNative bindings.\n");
 #endif
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --test <test>                    Run a unit test [");
 	const char **test_names = tests_get_names();
@@ -366,6 +395,23 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 #endif
 }
 
+int Main::test_entrypoint(int argc, char *argv[], bool &tests_need_run) {
+#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED // templates can't run unit test tool
+	OS::get_singleton()->initialize();
+	StringName::setup();
+	for (int x = 0; x < argc; x++) {
+		if (strncmp(argv[x], "--test", 6)) {
+			tests_need_run = true;
+			return test_main(argc, argv);
+		}
+	}
+	StringName::cleanup();
+	OS::get_singleton()->finalize();
+#endif
+	tests_need_run = false;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Engine initialization
  *
  * Consists of several methods that are called by each platform's specific main(argc, argv).
@@ -418,7 +464,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	ClassDB::register_class<Performance>();
 	engine->add_singleton(Engine::Singleton("Performance", performance));
 
-	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/crash_handler/message", String("Please include this when reporting the bug on https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues"));
+	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/crash_handler/message",
+			String("Please include this when reporting the bug on https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues"));
 
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: Parse CMDLine");
 
@@ -523,7 +570,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown audio driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ", audio_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown audio driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ",
+							audio_driver.utf8().get_data());
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < AudioDriverManager::get_driver_count(); i++) {
 						if (i == AudioDriverManager::get_driver_count() - 1) {
@@ -559,7 +607,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown display driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ", display_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown display driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ",
+							display_driver.utf8().get_data());
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_create_function_count(); i++) {
 						if (i == DisplayServer::get_create_function_count() - 1) {
@@ -607,7 +656,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown tablet driver '%s', aborting.\n", tablet_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown tablet driver '%s', aborting.\n",
+							tablet_driver.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -629,7 +679,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 				if (vm.find("x") == -1) { // invalid parameter format
 
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', it should be e.g. '1280x720'.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', it should be e.g. '1280x720'.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -637,7 +688,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				int h = vm.get_slice("x", 1).to_int();
 
 				if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', width and height must be above 0.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', width and height must be above 0.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -658,7 +710,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 				if (vm.find(",") == -1) { // invalid parameter format
 
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid position '%s', it should be e.g. '80,128'.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid position '%s', it should be e.g. '80,128'.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -754,7 +807,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 			// We still pass it to the main arguments since the argument handling itself is not done in this function
 			main_args.push_back(I->get());
 #endif
-		} else if (I->get() == "--export" || I->get() == "--export-debug" || I->get() == "--export-pack") { // Export project
+		} else if (I->get() == "--export" || I->get() == "--export-debug" ||
+				   I->get() == "--export-pack") { // Export project
 
 			editor = true;
 			main_args.push_back(I->get());
@@ -847,7 +901,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 			if (I->next()) {
 				debug_uri = I->next()->get();
 				if (debug_uri.find("://") == -1) { // wrong address
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid debug host address, it should be of the form <protocol>://<host/IP>:<port>.\n");
+					OS::get_singleton()->print(
+							"Invalid debug host address, it should be of the form <protocol>://<host/IP>:<port>.\n");
 					goto error;
 				}
 				N = I->next()->next();
@@ -888,7 +943,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	if (editor && project_manager) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("Error: Command line arguments implied opening both editor and project manager, which is not possible. Aborting.\n");
+		OS::get_singleton()->print(
+				"Error: Command line arguments implied opening both editor and project manager, which is not possible. Aborting.\n");
 		goto error;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -935,15 +991,35 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	OS::get_singleton()->ensure_user_data_dir();
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", 60);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,500,1")); // No negative and limit to 500 due to crashes
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,500,1")); // No negative and limit to 500 due to crashes
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", 32768);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 4096, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 4096, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", 2048);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 8192, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 8192, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", 400);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", 400);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
 
 	EngineDebugger::initialize(debug_uri, skip_breakpoints, breakpoints);
 
@@ -978,8 +1054,13 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging.pc", true);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/log_path", "user://logs/godot.log");
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/max_log_files", 5);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("logging/file_logging/max_log_files", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "logging/file_logging/max_log_files", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,20,1,or_greater")); //no negative numbers
-	if (!project_manager && !editor && FileAccess::get_create_func(FileAccess::ACCESS_USERDATA) && GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging")) {
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("logging/file_logging/max_log_files",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"logging/file_logging/max_log_files",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,20,1,or_greater")); //no negative numbers
+	if (!project_manager && !editor && FileAccess::get_create_func(FileAccess::ACCESS_USERDATA) &&
+			GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging")) {
 		// Don't create logs for the project manager as they would be written to
 		// the current working directory, which is inconvenient.
 		String base_path = GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/log_path");
@@ -1020,7 +1101,10 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_cmdline(execpath, main_args);
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", "Vulkan");
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Vulkan,GLES2"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"rendering/quality/driver/driver_name",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Vulkan,GLES2"));
 	if (display_driver == "") {
 		display_driver = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name");
 	}
@@ -1029,24 +1113,39 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/2d/gles2_use_nvidia_rect_flicker_workaround", false);
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 1024);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/width", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/width", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/width",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/width",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 600);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/height", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/height", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/height",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/height",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/resizable", true);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/borderless", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/fullscreen", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/always_on_top", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/test_width", 0);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_width", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/test_width", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_width",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"display/window/size/test_width",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/test_height", 0);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_height", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/test_height", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_height",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"display/window/size/test_height",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 
 	if (use_custom_res) {
 		if (!force_res) {
 			window_size.width = GLOBAL_GET("display/window/size/width");
 			window_size.height = GLOBAL_GET("display/window/size/height");
 
-			if (globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_width") && globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_height")) {
+			if (globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_width") &&
+					globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_height")) {
 				int tw = globals->get("display/window/size/test_width");
 				if (tw > 0) {
 					window_size.width = tw;
@@ -1106,8 +1205,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	}
 
 	/* todo restore
-	OS::get_singleton()->_allow_layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/allowed", false);
-	video_mode.layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/enabled", false);
+    OS::get_singleton()->_allow_layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/allowed", false);
+    video_mode.layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/enabled", false);
 */
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/intended_usage/framebuffer_allocation", 2);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/intended_usage/framebuffer_allocation.mobile", 3);
@@ -1180,10 +1279,15 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	}
 
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_iterations_per_second(GLOBAL_DEF("physics/common/physics_fps", 60));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("physics/common/physics_fps", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "physics/common/physics_fps", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1,120,1,or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("physics/common/physics_fps",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "physics/common/physics_fps",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1,120,1,or_greater"));
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_physics_jitter_fix(GLOBAL_DEF("physics/common/physics_jitter_fix", 0.5));
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_target_fps(GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/fps/force_fps", 0));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("debug/settings/fps/force_fps", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "debug/settings/fps/force_fps", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,120,1,or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("debug/settings/fps/force_fps",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"debug/settings/fps/force_fps",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,120,1,or_greater"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/stdout/print_fps", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/stdout/verbose_stdout", false);
@@ -1194,12 +1298,21 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 	if (frame_delay == 0) {
 		frame_delay = GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/frame_delay_msec", 0);
-		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/frame_delay_msec", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "application/run/frame_delay_msec", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,100,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
+		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/frame_delay_msec",
+				PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+						"application/run/frame_delay_msec",
+						PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+						"0,100,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
 	}
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode(GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode", false));
-	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode_sleep_usec(GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", 6900)); // Roughly 144 FPS
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,33200,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
+	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode_sleep_usec(
+			GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", 6900)); // Roughly 144 FPS
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,33200,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/ios/hide_home_indicator", true);
 
@@ -1286,14 +1399,16 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		String rendering_driver; // temp broken
 
 		Error err;
-		display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags, window_size, err);
+		display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags,
+				window_size, err);
 		if (err != OK) {
 			//ok i guess we can't use this display server, try other ones
 			for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_create_function_count(); i++) {
 				if (i == display_driver_idx) {
 					continue; //don't try the same twice
 				}
-				display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags, window_size, err);
+				display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags,
+						window_size, err);
 				if (err == OK) {
 					break;
 				}
@@ -1314,7 +1429,9 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 
 	rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerRaster);
 	if (OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() != OS::RENDER_THREAD_UNSAFE) {
-		rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerWrapMT(rendering_server, OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() == OS::RENDER_SEPARATE_THREAD));
+		rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerWrapMT(rendering_server,
+				OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() ==
+						OS::RENDER_SEPARATE_THREAD));
 	}
 
 	rendering_server->init();
@@ -1379,7 +1496,10 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		String boot_logo_path = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/image", String());
 		bool boot_logo_scale = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/fullsize", true);
 		bool boot_logo_filter = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/use_filter", true);
-		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/boot_splash/image", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/boot_splash/image", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png"));
+		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/boot_splash/image",
+				PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+						"application/boot_splash/image",
+						PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png"));
 
 		Ref<Image> boot_logo;
 
@@ -1396,7 +1516,8 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		Color boot_bg_color = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/bg_color", boot_splash_bg_color);
 		if (boot_logo.is_valid()) {
 			OS::get_singleton()->_msec_splash = OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_msec();
-			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_boot_image(boot_logo, boot_bg_color, boot_logo_scale, boot_logo_filter);
+			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_boot_image(boot_logo, boot_bg_color, boot_logo_scale,
+					boot_logo_filter);
 
 		} else {
 #ifndef NO_DEFAULT_BOOT_LOGO
@@ -1421,21 +1542,31 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 	}
 
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: DCC");
-	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_default_clear_color(GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/environment/default_clear_color", Color(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)));
+	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_default_clear_color(
+			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/environment/default_clear_color", Color(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)));
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: END");
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/macos_native_icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/macos_native_icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/macos_native_icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.icns"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/macos_native_icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"application/config/macos_native_icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.icns"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/windows_native_icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/windows_native_icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/windows_native_icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.ico"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/windows_native_icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"application/config/windows_native_icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.ico"));
 
 	Input *id = Input::get_singleton();
 	if (id) {
-		if (bool(GLOBAL_DEF("input_devices/pointing/emulate_touch_from_mouse", false)) && !(editor || project_manager)) {
+		if (bool(GLOBAL_DEF("input_devices/pointing/emulate_touch_from_mouse", false)) &&
+				!(editor || project_manager)) {
 			bool found_touchscreen = false;
 			for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_singleton()->get_screen_count(); i++) {
 				if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->screen_is_touchscreen(i)) {
@@ -1460,10 +1591,14 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", String());
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image_hotspot", Vector2());
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/tooltip_position_offset", Point2(10, 10));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"display/mouse_cursor/custom_image",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
 
 	if (String(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image")) != String()) {
-		Ref<Texture2D> cursor = ResourceLoader::load(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image"));
+		Ref<Texture2D> cursor = ResourceLoader::load(
+				ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image"));
 		if (cursor.is_valid()) {
 			Vector2 hotspot = ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image_hotspot");
 			Input::get_singleton()->set_custom_mouse_cursor(cursor, Input::CURSOR_ARROW, hotspot);
@@ -1544,7 +1679,6 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	String positional_arg;
 	String game_path;
 	String script;
-	String test;
 	bool check_only = false;
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
@@ -1555,10 +1689,12 @@ bool Main::start() {
 #endif
 
 	main_timer_sync.init(OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec());
-
 	List<String> args = OS::get_singleton()->get_cmdline_args();
+
+	// parameters that do not have an argument to the right
 	for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
-		//parameters that do not have an argument to the right
+		// Doctest Unit Testing Handler
+		// Designed to override and pass arguments to the unit test handler.
 		if (args[i] == "--check-only") {
 			check_only = true;
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
@@ -1591,8 +1727,6 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			bool parsed_pair = true;
 			if (args[i] == "-s" || args[i] == "--script") {
 				script = args[i + 1];
-			} else if (args[i] == "--test") {
-				test = args[i + 1];
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 			} else if (args[i] == "--doctool") {
 				doc_tool = args[i + 1];
@@ -1624,7 +1758,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	String main_loop_type;
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	if (doc_tool != "") {
-		Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(true); // Needed to instance editor-only classes for their default values
+		Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(
+				true); // Needed to instance editor-only classes for their default values
 
 		{
 			DirAccessRef da = DirAccess::open(doc_tool);
@@ -1694,7 +1829,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		print_line("Generating new docs...");
 		doc.save_classes(index_path, doc_data_classes);
 
-		return false;
+		return FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (_export_preset != "") {
@@ -1702,7 +1837,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			String err = "Command line includes export parameter option, but no destination path was given.\n";
 			err += "Please specify the binary's file path to export to. Aborting export.";
 			ERR_PRINT(err);
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 	}
 #endif
@@ -1716,16 +1851,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		main_loop = memnew(SceneTree);
 	};
 
-	if (test != "") {
-#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-		main_loop = test_main(test, args);
-
-		if (!main_loop) {
-			return false;
-		}
-#endif
-
-	} else if (script != "") {
+	if (script != "") {
 		Ref<Script> script_res = ResourceLoader::load(script);
 		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(script_res.is_null(), false, "Can't load script: " + script);
 
@@ -1733,7 +1859,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			if (!script_res->is_valid()) {
 				OS::get_singleton()->set_exit_code(1);
 			}
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 
 		if (script_res->can_instance()) {
@@ -1744,13 +1870,15 @@ bool Main::start() {
 				if (obj) {
 					memdelete(obj);
 				}
-				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(false, vformat("Can't load the script \"%s\" as it doesn't inherit from SceneTree or MainLoop.", script));
+				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(false,
+						vformat("Can't load the script \"%s\" as it doesn't inherit from SceneTree or MainLoop.",
+								script));
 			}
 
 			script_loop->set_init_script(script_res);
 			main_loop = script_loop;
 		} else {
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 
 	} else {
@@ -1764,7 +1892,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	if (!main_loop) {
 		if (!ClassDB::class_exists(main_loop_type)) {
 			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->alert("Error: MainLoop type doesn't exist: " + main_loop_type);
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		} else {
 			Object *ml = ClassDB::instance(main_loop_type);
 			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!ml, false, "Can't instance MainLoop type.");
@@ -1832,7 +1960,9 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 						Object *obj = ClassDB::instance(ibt);
 
-						ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(obj == nullptr, "Cannot instance script for autoload, expected 'Node' inheritance, got: " + String(ibt));
+						ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(obj == nullptr,
+								"Cannot instance script for autoload, expected 'Node' inheritance, got: " +
+										String(ibt));
 
 						n = Object::cast_to<Node>(obj);
 						n->set_script(script_res);
@@ -1880,7 +2010,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 			String stretch_mode = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/mode", "disabled");
 			String stretch_aspect = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/aspect", "ignore");
-			Size2i stretch_size = Size2(GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 0), GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 0));
+			Size2i stretch_size = Size2(GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 0),
+					GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 0));
 
 			Window::ContentScaleMode cs_sm = Window::CONTENT_SCALE_MODE_DISABLED;
 			if (stretch_mode == "canvas_items") {
@@ -1924,10 +2055,14 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			int shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/quality/shadow_atlas/quadrant_3_subdiv");
 
 			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_size(shadow_atlas_size);
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(0, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q0_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(1, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q1_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(2, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q2_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(3, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(0, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q0_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(1, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q1_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(2, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q2_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(3, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv));
 
 			bool snap_controls = GLOBAL_DEF("gui/common/snap_controls_to_pixels", true);
 			sml->get_root()->set_snap_controls_to_pixels(snap_controls);
@@ -1937,30 +2072,51 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 			int texture_filter = GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", 1);
 			int texture_repeat = GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", 0);
-			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_filter(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter(texture_filter));
-			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat(texture_repeat));
+			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_filter(
+					Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter(texture_filter));
+			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat(
+					Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat(texture_repeat));
 
 		} else {
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/mode", "disabled");
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/mode", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/window/stretch/mode", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "disabled,canvas_items,viewport"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/mode",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+							"display/window/stretch/mode",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"disabled,canvas_items,viewport"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/aspect", "ignore");
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/aspect", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/window/stretch/aspect", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "ignore,keep,keep_width,keep_height,expand"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/aspect",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+							"display/window/stretch/aspect",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"ignore,keep,keep_width,keep_height,expand"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/shrink", 1.0);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/shrink", PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT, "display/window/stretch/shrink", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1.0,8.0,0.1"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/shrink",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT,
+							"display/window/stretch/shrink",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+							"1.0,8.0,0.1"));
 			sml->set_auto_accept_quit(GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/auto_accept_quit", true));
 			sml->set_quit_on_go_back(GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/quit_on_go_back", true));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("gui/common/snap_controls_to_pixels", true);
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/dynamic_fonts/use_oversampling", true);
 
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", 1);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Nearest,Linear,MipmapLinear,MipmapNearest"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info(
+					"rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"Nearest,Linear,MipmapLinear,MipmapNearest"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", 0);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Disable,Enable,Mirror"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info(
+					"rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"Disable,Enable,Mirror"));
 		}
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 		if (editor) {
-			bool editor_embed_subwindows = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("interface/editor/single_window_mode");
+			bool editor_embed_subwindows = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+					"interface/editor/single_window_mode");
 
 			if (editor_embed_subwindows) {
 				sml->get_root()->set_embed_subwindows_hint(true);
@@ -1973,7 +2129,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			local_game_path = game_path.replace("\\", "/");
 
 			if (!local_game_path.begins_with("res://")) {
-				bool absolute = (local_game_path.size() > 1) && (local_game_path[0] == '/' || local_game_path[1] == ':');
+				bool absolute =
+						(local_game_path.size() > 1) && (local_game_path[0] == '/' || local_game_path[1] == ':');
 
 				if (!absolute) {
 					if (ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->is_using_datapack()) {
@@ -1989,7 +2146,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 						} else {
 							DirAccess *da = DirAccess::open(local_game_path.substr(0, sep));
 							if (da) {
-								local_game_path = da->get_current_dir().plus_file(local_game_path.substr(sep + 1, local_game_path.length()));
+								local_game_path = da->get_current_dir().plus_file(
+										local_game_path.substr(sep + 1, local_game_path.length()));
 								memdelete(da);
 							}
 						}
@@ -2059,7 +2217,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		}
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-		if (project_manager || (script == "" && test == "" && game_path == "" && !editor)) {
+		if (project_manager || (script == "" && game_path == "" && !editor)) {
 			Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(true);
 			ProjectManager *pmanager = memnew(ProjectManager);
 			ProgressDialog *progress_dialog = memnew(ProgressDialog);
@@ -2072,12 +2230,16 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		if (project_manager || editor) {
 			if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->has_feature(DisplayServer::FEATURE_CONSOLE_WINDOW)) {
 				// Hide console window if requested (Windows-only).
-				bool hide_console = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("interface/editor/hide_console_window");
+				bool hide_console = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+						"interface/editor/hide_console_window");
 				DisplayServer::get_singleton()->console_set_visible(!hide_console);
 			}
 
 			// Load SSL Certificates from Editor Settings (or builtin)
-			Crypto::load_default_certificates(EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("network/ssl/editor_ssl_certificates").operator String());
+			Crypto::load_default_certificates(EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+																					 "network/ssl/editor_ssl_certificates")
+													  .
+													  operator String());
 		}
 #endif
 	}
@@ -2089,7 +2251,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_main_loop(main_loop);
 
-	return true;
+	return OK;
 }
 
 /* Main iteration
@@ -2107,6 +2269,7 @@ uint32_t Main::frames = 0;
 uint32_t Main::frame = 0;
 bool Main::force_redraw_requested = false;
 int Main::iterating = 0;
+
 bool Main::is_iterating() {
 	return iterating > 0;
 }
@@ -2182,7 +2345,8 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 
 		message_queue->flush();
 
-		physics_process_ticks = MAX(physics_process_ticks, OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() - physics_begin); // keep the largest one for reference
+		physics_process_ticks = MAX(physics_process_ticks, OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() -
+																   physics_begin); // keep the largest one for reference
 		physics_process_max = MAX(OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() - physics_begin, physics_process_max);
 		Engine::get_singleton()->_physics_frames++;
 	}
@@ -2198,7 +2362,8 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 
 	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->sync(); //sync if still drawing from previous frames.
 
-	if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->can_any_window_draw() && RenderingServer::get_singleton()->is_render_loop_enabled()) {
+	if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->can_any_window_draw() &&
+			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->is_render_loop_enabled()) {
 		if ((!force_redraw_requested) && OS::get_singleton()->is_in_low_processor_usage_mode()) {
 			if (RenderingServer::get_singleton()->has_changed()) {
 				RenderingServer::get_singleton()->draw(true, scaled_step); // flush visual commands
@@ -2260,10 +2425,12 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 		auto_build_solutions = false;
 		// Only relevant when running the editor.
 		if (!editor) {
-			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true, "Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but no project is being edited. Aborting.");
+			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true,
+					"Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but no project is being edited. Aborting.");
 		}
 		if (!EditorNode::get_singleton()->call_build()) {
-			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true, "Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but the build callback failed. Aborting.");
+			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true,
+					"Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but the build callback failed. Aborting.");
 		}
 	}
 #endif
diff --git a/main/main.h b/main/main.h
index 308128735cd..20c0bebefa7 100644
--- a/main/main.h
+++ b/main/main.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Main {
 
 public:
 	static bool is_project_manager();
-
+	static int test_entrypoint(int argc, char *argv[], bool &tests_need_run);
 	static Error setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_phase = true);
 	static Error setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override = 0);
 	static bool start();
@@ -58,4 +58,19 @@ public:
 	static void cleanup();
 };
 
+// Test main override is for the testing behaviour
+#define TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE                                         \
+	bool run_test = false;                                         \
+	int return_code = Main::test_entrypoint(argc, argv, run_test); \
+	if (run_test) {                                                \
+		return return_code;                                        \
+	}
+
+#define TEST_MAIN_PARAM_OVERRIDE(argc, argv)                       \
+	bool run_test = false;                                         \
+	int return_code = Main::test_entrypoint(argc, argv, run_test); \
+	if (run_test) {                                                \
+		return return_code;                                        \
+	}
+
 #endif // MAIN_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_main.cpp b/main/tests/test_main.cpp
index 5ebdaf17411..91eff28f86f 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_main.cpp
+++ b/main/tests/test_main.cpp
@@ -47,10 +47,14 @@
 #include "test_render.h"
 #include "test_shader_lang.h"
 #include "test_string.h"
+#include "test_validate_testing.h"
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
 
 const char **tests_get_names() {
 	static const char *test_names[] = {
-		"string",
+		"*",
+		"all",
 		"math",
 		"basis",
 		"physics_2d",
@@ -72,75 +76,38 @@ const char **tests_get_names() {
 	return test_names;
 }
 
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args) {
-	if (p_test == "string") {
-		return TestString::test();
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	// doctest runner for when legacy unit tests are no  found
+	doctest::Context test_context;
+	List<String> valid_arguments;
+
+	// clean arguments of --test from the args
+	int argument_count = 0;
+	for (int x = 0; x < argc; x++) {
+		if (strncmp(argv[x], "--test", 6) != 0) {
+			valid_arguments.push_back(String(argv[x]));
+			argument_count++;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (p_test == "math") {
-		return TestMath::test();
+	// convert godot command line arguments back to standard arguments.
+	char **args = new char *[valid_arguments.size()];
+	for (int x = 0; x < valid_arguments.size(); x++) {
+		// operation to convert godot string to non wchar string
+		const char *str = valid_arguments[x].utf8().ptr();
+		// allocate the string copy
+		args[x] = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
+		// copy this into memory
+		std::memcpy(args[x], str, strlen(str) + 1);
 	}
 
-	if (p_test == "basis") {
-		return TestBasis::test();
-	}
+	test_context.applyCommandLine(valid_arguments.size(), args);
 
-	if (p_test == "physics_2d") {
-		return TestPhysics2D::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "physics_3d") {
-		return TestPhysics3D::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "render") {
-		return TestRender::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "oa_hash_map") {
-		return TestOAHashMap::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "class_db") {
-		return TestClassDB::test();
-	}
-
-#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
-	if (p_test == "gui") {
-		return TestGUI::test();
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (p_test == "shaderlang") {
-		return TestShaderLang::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_tokenizer") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_TOKENIZER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_parser") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_PARSER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_compiler") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_COMPILER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_bytecode") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_BYTECODE);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "ordered_hash_map") {
-		return TestOrderedHashMap::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "astar") {
-		return TestAStar::test();
-	}
-
-	print_line("Unknown test: " + p_test);
-	return nullptr;
+	test_context.setOption("order-by", "name");
+	test_context.setOption("abort-after", 5);
+	test_context.setOption("no-breaks", true);
+	delete[] args;
+	return test_context.run();
 }
 
 #else
@@ -153,8 +120,8 @@ const char **tests_get_names() {
 	return test_names;
 }
 
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args) {
-	return nullptr;
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	return 0;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/main/tests/test_main.h b/main/tests/test_main.h
index bdb1668d21a..8273b74eac5 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_main.h
+++ b/main/tests/test_main.h
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
 const char **tests_get_names();
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args);
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
 
 #endif // TEST_MAIN_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_string.cpp b/main/tests/test_string.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 73d59b0088e..00000000000
--- a/main/tests/test_string.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1207 +0,0 @@
-/*************************************************************************/
-/*  test_string.cpp                                                      */
-/*************************************************************************/
-/*                       This file is part of:                           */
-/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
-/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
-/*************************************************************************/
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
-/* Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
-/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
-/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
-/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
-/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
-/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
-/* the following conditions:                                             */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
-/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
-/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
-/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
-/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
-/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
-/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
-/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
-/*************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_string.h"
-
-#include "core/io/ip_address.h"
-#include "core/os/os.h"
-#include "core/ustring.h"
-
-#include "modules/modules_enabled.gen.h"
-#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
-#include "modules/regex/regex.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-
-namespace TestString {
-
-bool test_1() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 1: Assign from cstr\n");
-
-	String s = "Hello";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Hello\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Hello") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_2() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 2: Assign from string (operator=)\n");
-
-	String s = "Dolly";
-	const String &t = s;
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Dolly\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", t.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Dolly") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_3() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 3: Assign from c-string (copycon)\n");
-
-	String s("Sheep");
-	const String &t(s);
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Sheep\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", t.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Sheep") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_4() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 4: Assign from c-widechar (operator=)\n");
-
-	String s(L"Give me");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Give me\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Give me") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_5() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 5: Assign from c-widechar (copycon)\n");
-
-	String s(L"Wool");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Wool\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Wool") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_6() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 6: comparisons (equal)\n");
-
-	String s = "Test Compare";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Test Compare\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s == "Test Compare")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s == L"Test Compare")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s == String("Test Compare"))) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_7() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 7: comparisons (unequal)\n");
-
-	String s = "Test Compare";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Test Compare\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s != "Peanut")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s != L"Coconut")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s != String("Butter"))) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_8() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 8: comparisons (operator<)\n");
-
-	String s = "Bees";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Bees\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s < "Elephant")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s < L"Amber") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s < String("Beatrix")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_9() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 9: Concatenation\n");
-
-	String s;
-
-	s += "Have";
-	s += ' ';
-	s += 'a';
-	s += String(" ");
-	s = s + L"Nice";
-	s = s + " ";
-	s = s + String("Day");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Have a Nice Day\"\n");
-
-	return (s == "Have a Nice Day");
-}
-
-bool test_10() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 10: Misc funcs (size/length/empty/etc)\n");
-
-	if (!String("").empty()) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (String("Mellon").size() != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (String("Oranges").length() != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_11() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 11: Operator[]\n");
-
-	String a = "Kugar Sane";
-
-	a[0] = 'S';
-	a[6] = 'C';
-
-	if (a != "Sugar Cane") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (a[1] != 'u') {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_12() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 12: case functions\n");
-
-	String a = "MoMoNgA";
-
-	if (a.to_upper() != "MOMONGA") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (a.nocasecmp_to("momonga") != 0) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_13() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 13: UTF8\n");
-
-	/* how can i embed UTF in here? */
-
-	static const CharType ustr[] = { 0x304A, 0x360F, 0x3088, 0x3046, 0 };
-	//static const wchar_t ustr[] = { 'P', 0xCE, 'p',0xD3, 0 };
-	String s = ustr;
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tUnicode: %ls\n", ustr);
-	s.parse_utf8(s.utf8().get_data());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tConvert/Parse UTF8: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == ustr);
-}
-
-bool test_14() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 14: ASCII\n");
-
-	String s = L"Primero Leche";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tAscii: %s\n", s.ascii().get_data());
-
-	String t = s.ascii().get_data();
-	return (s == t);
-}
-
-bool test_15() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 15: substr\n");
-
-	String s = "Killer Baby";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tsubstr(3,4) of \"%ls\" is \"%ls\"\n", s.c_str(), s.substr(3, 4).c_str());
-
-	return (s.substr(3, 4) == "ler ");
-}
-
-bool test_16() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 16: find\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Woman";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"tty\" is at %i pos.\n", s.find("tty"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster Truck\" is at %i pos.\n", s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.find("tty") != 3) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_17() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 17: find no case\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Whale";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"WHA\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("WHA"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster SawFish\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.findn("WHA") != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_18() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 18: find no case\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Whale";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"WHA\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("WHA"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster SawFish\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.findn("WHA") != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_19() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 19: Search & replace\n");
-
-	String s = "Happy Birthday, Anna!";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	s = s.replace("Birthday", "Halloween");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tReplaced Birthday/Halloween: %ls.\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Happy Halloween, Anna!");
-}
-
-bool test_20() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 20: Insertion\n");
-
-	String s = "Who is Frederic?";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	s = s.insert(s.find("?"), " Chopin");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tInserted Chopin: %ls.\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Who is Frederic Chopin?");
-}
-
-bool test_21() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 21: Number -> String\n");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tPi is %f\n", 33.141593);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tPi String is %ls\n", String::num(3.141593).c_str());
-
-	return String::num(3.141593) == "3.141593";
-}
-
-bool test_22() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 22: String -> Int\n");
-
-	static const char *nums[4] = { "1237461283", "- 22", "0", " - 1123412" };
-	static const int num[4] = { 1237461283, -22, 0, -1123412 };
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-#ifdef __MINGW32__ // MinGW can't handle normal format specifiers for some reason. So we need special code just for MinGW.
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Int is %I64i\n", nums[i], (long long)(String(nums[i]).to_int()));
-#else
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Int is %lli\n", nums[i], (long long)(String(nums[i]).to_int()));
-#endif
-		if (String(nums[i]).to_int() != num[i]) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_23() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 23: String -> Float\n");
-
-	static const char *nums[4] = { "-12348298412.2", "0.05", "2.0002", " -0.0001" };
-	static const double num[4] = { -12348298412.2, 0.05, 2.0002, -0.0001 };
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Float is %f\n", nums[i], String(nums[i]).to_double());
-
-		if (ABS(String(nums[i]).to_double() - num[i]) > 0.00001) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_24() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 24: Slicing\n");
-
-	String s = "Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus";
-
-	const char *slices[4] = { "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus" };
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tSlicing \"%ls\" by \"%s\"..\n", s.c_str(), ",");
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < s.get_slice_count(","); i++) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\t%i- %ls\n", i + 1, s.get_slice(",", i).c_str());
-
-		if (s.get_slice(",", i) != slices[i]) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_25() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 25: Erasing\n");
-
-	String s = "Josephine is such a cute girl!";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRemoving \"cute\"\n");
-
-	s.erase(s.find("cute "), String("cute ").length());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResult: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Josephine is such a girl!");
-}
-
-bool test_26() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 26: RegEx substitution\n");
-
-#ifndef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRegEx module disabled, can't run test.");
-	return false;
-#else
-	String s = "Double all the vowels.";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRepeating instances of 'aeiou' once\n");
-
-	RegEx re("(?<vowel>[aeiou])");
-	s = re.sub(s, "$0$vowel", true);
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResult: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Doouublee aall thee vooweels.");
-#endif
-}
-
-struct test_27_data {
-	char const *data;
-	char const *begin;
-	bool expected;
-};
-
-bool test_27() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 27: begins_with\n");
-	test_27_data tc[] = {
-		{ "res://foobar", "res://", true },
-		{ "res", "res://", false },
-		{ "abc", "abc", true }
-	};
-	size_t count = sizeof(tc) / sizeof(tc[0]);
-	bool state = true;
-	for (size_t i = 0; state && i < count; ++i) {
-		String s = tc[i].data;
-		state = s.begins_with(tc[i].begin) == tc[i].expected;
-		if (state) {
-			String sb = tc[i].begin;
-			state = s.begins_with(sb) == tc[i].expected;
-		}
-		if (!state) {
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\t Failure on:\n\t\tstring: %s\n\t\tbegin: %s\n\t\texpected: %s\n", tc[i].data, tc[i].begin, tc[i].expected ? "true" : "false");
-			break;
-		}
-	};
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_28() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 28: sprintf\n");
-
-	bool success, state = true;
-	char output_format[] = "\tTest:\t%ls => %ls (%s)\n";
-	String format, output;
-	Array args;
-	bool error;
-
-	// %%
-	format = "fish %% frog";
-	args.clear();
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish % frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	//////// INTS
-
-	// Int
-	format = "fish %d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int left padded with zeroes.
-	format = "fish %05d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 00005 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int left padded with spaces.
-	format = "fish %5d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int right padded with spaces.
-	format = "fish %-5d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 5     frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int with sign (positive).
-	format = "fish %+d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish +5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Negative int.
-	format = "fish %d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(-5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish -5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Hex (lower)
-	format = "fish %x frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(45);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 2d frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Hex (upper)
-	format = "fish %X frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(45);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 2D frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Octal
-	format = "fish %o frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 143 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	////// REALS
-
-	// Real
-	format = "fish %f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real left-padded
-	format = "fish %11f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish   99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real right-padded
-	format = "fish %-11f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000   frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real given int.
-	format = "fish %f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.000000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with sign (positive).
-	format = "fish %+f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish +99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with 1 decimals.
-	format = "fish %.1f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 100.0 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with 12 decimals.
-	format = "fish %.12f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000000000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with no decimals.
-	format = "fish %.f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 100 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	/////// Strings.
-
-	// String
-	format = "fish %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// String left-padded
-	format = "fish %10s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// String right-padded
-	format = "fish %-10s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish cheese     frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Characters
-
-	// Character as string.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("A");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish A frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character as int.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(65);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish A frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Dynamic width
-
-	// String dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish         99 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Float dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*.*f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back(3);
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     99.990 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Errors
-
-	// More formats than arguments.
-	format = "fish %s %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "not enough arguments for format string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// More arguments than formats.
-	format = "fish %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("hello");
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "not all arguments converted during string formatting" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Incomplete format.
-	format = "fish %10";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "incomplete format" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Bad character in format string
-	format = "fish %&f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "unsupported format character" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Too many decimals.
-	format = "fish %2.2.2f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "too many decimal points in format" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// * not a number
-	format = "fish %*f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "* wants number" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character too long.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("sc");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "%c requires number or single-character string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character bad type.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(Array());
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "%c requires number or single-character string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_29() {
-	bool state = true;
-
-	IP_Address ip0("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip0 is %ls\n", String(ip0).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip(0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89ab, 0xcdef, true);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip2("fe80::52e5:49ff:fe93:1baf");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip2).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip3("::ffff:192.168.0.1");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip3).c_str());
-
-	String ip4 = "192.168.0.1";
-	bool success = ip4.is_valid_ip_address();
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv4: %ls, %s\n", ip4.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip4 = "192.368.0.1";
-	success = (!ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv4: %ls, %s\n", ip4.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	String ip6 = "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = ip6.is_valid_ip_address();
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85j3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = (!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85f345:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = (!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8::0:8a2e:370:7334";
-	success = (ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "::ffff:192.168.0.1";
-	success = (ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_30() {
-	bool state = true;
-	bool success = true;
-	String input = "bytes2var";
-	String output = "Bytes 2 Var";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "linear2db";
-	output = "Linear 2 Db";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "vector3";
-	output = "Vector 3";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "sha256";
-	output = "Sha 256";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "2db";
-	output = "2 Db";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "PascalCase";
-	output = "Pascal Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "PascalPascalCase";
-	output = "Pascal Pascal Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case";
-	output = "Snake Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_snake_case";
-	output = "Snake Snake Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "sha256sum";
-	output = "Sha 256 Sum";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "cat2dog";
-	output = "Cat 2 Dog";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "function(name)";
-	output = "Function(name)";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls (existing incorrect behavior): %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case_function(snake_case_arg)";
-	output = "Snake Case Function(snake Case Arg)";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls (existing incorrect behavior): %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case_function( snake_case_arg )";
-	output = "Snake Case Function( Snake Case Arg )";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_31() {
-	bool state = true;
-	bool success;
-
-	String a = "";
-	success = a[0] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 String[0]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	String b = "Godot";
-	success = b[b.size()] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 String[size()]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	const String c = "";
-	success = c[0] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 const String[0]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	const String d = "Godot";
-	success = d[d.size()] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 const String[size()]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_32() {
-#define STRIP_TEST(x)                                            \
-	{                                                            \
-		bool success = x;                                        \
-		state = state && success;                                \
-		if (!success) {                                          \
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\tfailed at: %s\n", #x); \
-		}                                                        \
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 32: lstrip and rstrip\n");
-	bool state = true;
-
-	// strip none
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("") == "abc");
-	// strip one
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("a") == "bc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("c") == "ab");
-	// strip lots
-	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("ab") == "ccc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("cb") == "aaa");
-	// strip empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("") == "");
-	// strip to empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("bca") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("bca") == "");
-	// don't strip wrong end
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("c") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("a") == "bca");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("a") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("a") == "abc");
-	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
-	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
-
-	// the above tests repeated with additional superfluous strip chars
-
-	// strip none
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
-	// strip one
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwcjkl") == "ab");
-	// strip lots
-	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("qwabjkl") == "ccc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("qwcbjkl") == "aaa");
-	// strip empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("qwjkl") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("qwjkl") == "");
-	// strip to empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
-	// don't strip wrong end
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwcjkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bca");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
-	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
-	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
-
-	return state;
-
-#undef STRIP_TEST
-}
-
-bool test_33() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 33: parse_utf8(null, -1)\n");
-
-	String empty;
-	return empty.parse_utf8(nullptr, -1);
-}
-
-bool test_34() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 34: Cyrillic to_lower()\n");
-
-	String upper = String::utf8("АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ");
-	String lower = String::utf8("абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя");
-
-	String test = upper.to_lower();
-
-	bool state = test == lower;
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_35() {
-#define COUNT_TEST(x)                                            \
-	{                                                            \
-		bool success = x;                                        \
-		state = state && success;                                \
-		if (!success) {                                          \
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\tfailed at: %s\n", #x); \
-		}                                                        \
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 35: count and countn function\n");
-	bool state = true;
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("").count("Test") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("test") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("TEST") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TEST").count("TEST") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("aTest").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Testa").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("Test") == 3);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("TestTest") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestGodotTestGodotTestGodot").count("Test") == 3);
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 8) == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 12) == 2);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 16) == 3);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4) == 3);
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("TEST") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-Testatest").countn("tEst") == 4);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-TeStatest").countn("tEsT", 4, 16) == 2);
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-typedef bool (*TestFunc)();
-
-TestFunc test_funcs[] = {
-
-	test_1,
-	test_2,
-	test_3,
-	test_4,
-	test_5,
-	test_6,
-	test_7,
-	test_8,
-	test_9,
-	test_10,
-	test_11,
-	test_12,
-	test_13,
-	test_14,
-	test_15,
-	test_16,
-	test_17,
-	test_18,
-	test_19,
-	test_20,
-	test_21,
-	test_22,
-	test_23,
-	test_24,
-	test_25,
-	test_26,
-	test_27,
-	test_28,
-	test_29,
-	test_30,
-	test_31,
-	test_32,
-	test_33,
-	test_34,
-	test_35,
-	nullptr
-
-};
-
-MainLoop *test() {
-	/** A character length != wchar_t may be forced, so the tests won't work */
-
-	static_assert(sizeof(CharType) == sizeof(wchar_t));
-
-	int count = 0;
-	int passed = 0;
-
-	while (true) {
-		if (!test_funcs[count]) {
-			break;
-		}
-		bool pass = test_funcs[count]();
-		if (pass) {
-			passed++;
-		}
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\t%s\n", pass ? "PASS" : "FAILED");
-
-		count++;
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\n\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("*************\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("***TOTALS!***\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("*************\n");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Passed %i of %i tests\n", passed, count);
-
-	return nullptr;
-}
-
-} // namespace TestString
diff --git a/main/tests/test_string.h b/main/tests/test_string.h
index 96fa811126c..25fd513a1a7 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_string.h
+++ b/main/tests/test_string.h
@@ -31,12 +31,768 @@
 #ifndef TEST_STRING_H
 #define TEST_STRING_H
 
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
+#include "core/io/ip_address.h"
 #include "core/os/main_loop.h"
+#include "core/os/os.h"
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
+#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
+#include "modules/regex/regex.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
+
 namespace TestString {
 
-MainLoop *test();
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from cstr") {
+	String s = "Hello";
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Hello") == 0);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from string (operator=)") {
+	String s = "Dolly";
+	const String &t = s;
+	CHECK(wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Dolly") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-string (copycon)") {
+	String s("Sheep");
+	const String &t(s);
+	CHECK(wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Sheep") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-widechar (operator=)") {
+	String s(L"Give me");
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Give me") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-widechar (copycon)") {
+	String s(L"Wool");
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Wool") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (equal)") {
+	String s = "Test Compare";
+	CHECK(s == "Test Compare");
+	CHECK(s == L"Test Compare");
+	CHECK(s == String("Test Compare"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (not equal)") {
+	String s = "Test Compare";
+	CHECK(s != "Peanut");
+	CHECK(s != L"Coconut");
+	CHECK(s != String("Butter"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (operator <)") {
+	String s = "Bees";
+	CHECK(s < "Elephant");
+	CHECK(!(s < L"Amber"));
+	CHECK(!(s < String("Beatrix")));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Concatenation") {
+	String s;
+
+	s += "Have";
+	s += ' ';
+	s += 'a';
+	s += String(" ");
+	s = s + L"Nice";
+	s = s + " ";
+	s = s + String("Day");
+
+	CHECK(s == "Have a Nice Day");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Testing size and length of string") {
+	// todo: expand this test to do more tests on size() as it is complicated under the hood.
+	CHECK(String("Mellon").size() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon1").size() == 8);
+
+	// length works fine and is easier to test
+	CHECK(String("Mellon").length() == 6);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon1").length() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon2").length() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon3").length() == 7);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Testing for empty string") {
+	CHECK(!String("Mellon").empty());
+	// do this more than once, to check for string corruption
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Operator []") {
+	String a = "Kugar Sane";
+	a[0] = 'S';
+	a[6] = 'C';
+	CHECK(a == "Sugar Cane");
+	CHECK(a[1] == 'u');
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Case function test") {
+	String a = "MoMoNgA";
+
+	CHECK(a.to_upper() == "MOMONGA");
+	CHECK(a.nocasecmp_to("momonga") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] UTF8") {
+	/* how can i embed UTF in here? */
+	static const CharType ustr[] = { 0x304A, 0x360F, 0x3088, 0x3046, 0 };
+	//static const wchar_t ustr[] = { 'P', 0xCE, 'p',0xD3, 0 };
+	String s = ustr;
+	s.parse_utf8(s.utf8().get_data());
+	CHECK(s == ustr);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] ASCII") {
+	String s = L"Primero Leche";
+	String t = s.ascii().get_data();
+	CHECK(s == t);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Substr") {
+	String s = "Killer Baby";
+	CHECK(s.substr(3, 4) == "ler ");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[string] Find") {
+	String s = "Pretty Woman";
+	s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck");
+
+	CHECK(s.find("tty") == 3);
+	CHECK(s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck") == -1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] find no case") {
+	String s = "Pretty Whale";
+	CHECK(s.findn("WHA") == 7);
+	CHECK(s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") == -1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Find and replace") {
+	String s = "Happy Birthday, Anna!";
+	s = s.replace("Birthday", "Halloween");
+	CHECK(s == "Happy Halloween, Anna!");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Insertion") {
+	String s = "Who is Frederic?";
+	s = s.insert(s.find("?"), " Chopin");
+	CHECK(s == "Who is Frederic Chopin?");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Number to string") {
+	CHECK(String::num(3.141593) == "3.141593");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] String to integer") {
+	static const char *nums[4] = { "1237461283", "- 22", "0", " - 1123412" };
+	static const int num[4] = { 1237461283, -22, 0, -1123412 };
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		CHECK(String(nums[i]).to_int() == num[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] String to float") {
+	static const char *nums[4] = { "-12348298412.2", "0.05", "2.0002", " -0.0001" };
+	static const double num[4] = { -12348298412.2, 0.05, 2.0002, -0.0001 };
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		CHECK(!(ABS(String(nums[i]).to_double() - num[i]) > 0.00001));
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Slicing") {
+	String s = "Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus";
+
+	const char *slices[4] = { "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus" };
+	for (int i = 0; i < s.get_slice_count(","); i++) {
+		CHECK(s.get_slice(",", i) == slices[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Erasing") {
+	String s = "Josephine is such a cute girl!";
+	s.erase(s.find("cute "), String("cute ").length());
+	CHECK(s == "Josephine is such a girl!");
+}
+
+#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
+TEST_CASE("[String] Regex substitution") {
+	String s = "Double all the vowels.";
+	RegEx re("(?<vowel>[aeiou])");
+	s = re.sub(s, "$0$vowel", true);
+	CHECK(s == "Doouublee aall thee vooweels.");
+}
 #endif
+
+struct test_27_data {
+	char const *data;
+	char const *begin;
+	bool expected;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Begins with") {
+	test_27_data tc[] = {
+		{ "res://foobar", "res://", true },
+		{ "res", "res://", false },
+		{ "abc", "abc", true }
+	};
+	size_t count = sizeof(tc) / sizeof(tc[0]);
+	bool state = true;
+	for (size_t i = 0; state && i < count; ++i) {
+		String s = tc[i].data;
+		state = s.begins_with(tc[i].begin) == tc[i].expected;
+		if (state) {
+			String sb = tc[i].begin;
+			state = s.begins_with(sb) == tc[i].expected;
+		}
+		CHECK(state);
+		if (!state) {
+			break;
+		}
+	};
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] sprintf") {
+	String format, output;
+	Array args;
+	bool error;
+
+	// %%
+	format = "fish %% frog";
+	args.clear();
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish % frog"));
+	//////// INTS
+
+	// Int
+	format = "fish %d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 5 frog"));
+
+	// Int left padded with zeroes.
+	format = "fish %05d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 00005 frog"));
+
+	// Int left padded with spaces.
+	format = "fish %5d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     5 frog"));
+
+	// Int right padded with spaces.
+	format = "fish %-5d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 5     frog"));
+
+	// Int with sign (positive).
+	format = "fish %+d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish +5 frog"));
+
+	// Negative int.
+	format = "fish %d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(-5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish -5 frog"));
+
+	// Hex (lower)
+	format = "fish %x frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(45);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 2d frog"));
+
+	// Hex (upper)
+	format = "fish %X frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(45);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 2D frog"));
+
+	// Octal
+	format = "fish %o frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 143 frog"));
+
+	////// REALS
+
+	// Real
+	format = "fish %f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real left-padded
+	format = "fish %11f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish   99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real right-padded
+	format = "fish %-11f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000   frog"));
+
+	// Real given int.
+	format = "fish %f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.000000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with sign (positive).
+	format = "fish %+f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish +99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with 1 decimals.
+	format = "fish %.1f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 100.0 frog"));
+
+	// Real with 12 decimals.
+	format = "fish %.12f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000000000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with no decimals.
+	format = "fish %.f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 100 frog"));
+
+	/////// Strings.
+
+	// String
+	format = "fish %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish cheese frog"));
+
+	// String left-padded
+	format = "fish %10s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     cheese frog"));
+
+	// String right-padded
+	format = "fish %-10s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish cheese     frog"));
+
+	///// Characters
+
+	// Character as string.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("A");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish A frog"));
+
+	// Character as int.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(65);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish A frog"));
+
+	///// Dynamic width
+
+	// String dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	REQUIRE(output == String("fish     cheese frog"));
+
+	// Int dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	REQUIRE(output == String("fish         99 frog"));
+
+	// Float dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*.*f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back(3);
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     99.990 frog"));
+
+	///// Errors
+
+	// More formats than arguments.
+	format = "fish %s %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "not enough arguments for format string");
+
+	// More arguments than formats.
+	format = "fish %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("hello");
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
+
+	// Incomplete format.
+	format = "fish %10";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "incomplete format");
+
+	// Bad character in format string
+	format = "fish %&f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "unsupported format character");
+
+	// Too many decimals.
+	format = "fish %2.2.2f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "too many decimal points in format");
+
+	// * not a number
+	format = "fish %*f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "* wants number");
+
+	// Character too long.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("sc");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "%c requires number or single-character string");
+
+	// Character bad type.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(Array());
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "%c requires number or single-character string");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] IPVX address to string") {
+	IP_Address ip0("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334");
+	IP_Address ip(0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89ab, 0xcdef, true);
+	IP_Address ip2("fe80::52e5:49ff:fe93:1baf");
+	IP_Address ip3("::ffff:192.168.0.1");
+	String ip4 = "192.168.0.1";
+	CHECK(ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip4 = "192.368.0.1";
+	CHECK(!ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	String ip6 = "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85j3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85f345:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8::0:8a2e:370:7334";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "::ffff:192.168.0.1";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Capitalize against many strings") {
+	String input = "bytes2var";
+	String output = "Bytes 2 Var";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "linear2db";
+	output = "Linear 2 Db";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "vector3";
+	output = "Vector 3";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "sha256";
+	output = "Sha 256";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "2db";
+	output = "2 Db";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "PascalCase";
+	output = "Pascal Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "PascalPascalCase";
+	output = "Pascal Pascal Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case";
+	output = "Snake Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_snake_case";
+	output = "Snake Snake Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "sha256sum";
+	output = "Sha 256 Sum";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "cat2dog";
+	output = "Cat 2 Dog";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "function(name)";
+	output = "Function(name)";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case_function(snake_case_arg)";
+	output = "Snake Case Function(snake Case Arg)";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case_function( snake_case_arg )";
+	output = "Snake Case Function( Snake Case Arg )";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Checking string is empty when it should be") {
+	bool state = true;
+	bool success;
+
+	String a = "";
+	success = a[0] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+	String b = "Godot";
+	success = b[b.size()] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+	const String c = "";
+	success = c[0] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+
+	const String d = "Godot";
+	success = d[d.size()] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] lstrip and rstrip") {
+#define STRIP_TEST(x)             \
+	{                             \
+		bool success = x;         \
+		state = state && success; \
+	}
+
+	bool state = true;
+
+	// strip none
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("") == "abc");
+	// strip one
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("a") == "bc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("c") == "ab");
+	// strip lots
+	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("ab") == "ccc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("cb") == "aaa");
+	// strip empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("") == "");
+	// strip to empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("bca") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("bca") == "");
+	// don't strip wrong end
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("c") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("a") == "bca");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("a") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("a") == "abc");
+	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
+	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
+
+	// the above tests repeated with additional superfluous strip chars
+
+	// strip none
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
+	// strip one
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwcjkl") == "ab");
+	// strip lots
+	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("qwabjkl") == "ccc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("qwcbjkl") == "aaa");
+	// strip empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("qwjkl") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("qwjkl") == "");
+	// strip to empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
+	// don't strip wrong end
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwcjkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bca");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
+	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
+	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
+
+	CHECK(state);
+
+#undef STRIP_TEST
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] ensuring empty string into parse_utf8 passes empty string") {
+	String empty;
+	CHECK(empty.parse_utf8(NULL, -1));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Cyrillic to_lower()") {
+	String upper = String::utf8("АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ");
+	String lower = String::utf8("абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя");
+
+	String test = upper.to_lower();
+
+	bool state = test == lower;
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Count and countn functionality") {
+#define COUNT_TEST(x)             \
+	{                             \
+		bool success = x;         \
+		state = state && success; \
+	}
+
+	bool state = true;
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("").count("Test") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("test") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("TEST") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TEST").count("TEST") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("aTest").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Testa").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("Test") == 3);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("TestTest") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestGodotTestGodotTestGodot").count("Test") == 3);
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 8) == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 12) == 2);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 16) == 3);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4) == 3);
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("TEST") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-Testatest").countn("tEst") == 4);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-TeStatest").countn("tEsT", 4, 16) == 2);
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+} // namespace TestString
+
+#endif // TEST_STRING_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h b/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5be7d451853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*************************************************************************/
+/*  test_validate_testing.h                                              */
+/*************************************************************************/
+/*                       This file is part of:                           */
+/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
+/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
+/*************************************************************************/
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
+/* Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
+/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
+/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
+/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
+/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
+/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
+/* the following conditions:                                             */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
+/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
+/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
+/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
+/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
+/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
+/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
+/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
+/*************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
+#define TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
+
+#include "core/os/os.h"
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
+
+TEST_CASE("Validate Test will always pass") {
+	CHECK(true);
+}
+
+#endif // TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
diff --git a/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp b/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
index b9d217c9d21..aa5dbd51303 100644
--- a/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
+++ b/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ int iphone_main(int width, int height, int argc, char **argv, String data_dir) {
 	printf("cwd %s\n", cwd);
 	os = new OSIPhone(width, height, data_dir);
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	char *fargv[64];
 	for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		fargv[i] = argv[i];
diff --git a/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp b/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
index 99672745e75..f697887f086 100644
--- a/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
+++ b/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	/* clang-format on */
 
 	os = new OS_JavaScript();
+
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	Main::setup(argv[0], argc - 1, &argv[1], false);
 	emscripten_set_main_loop(main_loop_callback, -1, false);
 	emscripten_pause_main_loop(); // Will need to wait for FS sync.
diff --git a/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp b/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
index 3ed64e9d464..e1796ccefef 100644
--- a/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
+++ b/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	char *cwd = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX);
 	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!cwd, ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
 	char *ret = getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX);
diff --git a/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm b/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
index 93d0d6168c0..4e73d5441ce 100644
--- a/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
+++ b/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 #if defined(VULKAN_ENABLED)
-	//MoltenVK - enable full component swizzling support
+	// MoltenVK - enable full component swizzling support
 	setenv("MVK_CONFIG_FULL_IMAGE_VIEW_SWIZZLE", "1", 1);
 #endif
 
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	OS_OSX os;
 	Error err;
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	if (os.open_with_filename != "") {
 		char *argv_c = (char *)malloc(os.open_with_filename.utf8().size());
 		memcpy(argv_c, os.open_with_filename.utf8().get_data(), os.open_with_filename.utf8().size());
diff --git a/platform/server/godot_server.cpp b/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
index 32bd943ac35..9f22240a804 100644
--- a/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
+++ b/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	OS_Server os;
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	Error err = Main::setup(argv[0], argc - 1, &argv[1]);
 	if (err != OK)
 		return 255;
diff --git a/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp b/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
index 910059a9fcd..add559a717a 100644
--- a/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
+++ b/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ int widechar_main(int argc, wchar_t **argv) {
 		argv_utf8[i] = wc_to_utf8(argv[i]);
 	}
 
+	TEST_MAIN_PARAM_OVERRIDE(argc, argv_utf8)
+
 	Error err = Main::setup(argv_utf8[0], argc - 1, &argv_utf8[1]);
 
 	if (err != OK) {
@@ -186,10 +188,12 @@ int _main() {
 	return result;
 }
 
-int main(int _argc, char **_argv) {
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	// override the arguments for the test handler / if symbol is provided
+	// TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	// _argc and _argv are ignored
 	// we are going to use the WideChar version of them instead
-
 #ifdef CRASH_HANDLER_EXCEPTION
 	__try {
 		return _main();
diff --git a/thirdparty/README.md b/thirdparty/README.md
index 392abea85ea..f5b44d7a394 100644
--- a/thirdparty/README.md
+++ b/thirdparty/README.md
@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ Files extracted from upstream source:
 - all .cpp, .h, and .txt files in ConvectionKernels/
 
 
+## doctest
+- Upstream: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest
+- Version: 1c8da00 (2.4.0)
+- License: MIT
+
+Extracted from .zip provided. Extracted license and header only.
+
+
 ## enet
 
 - Upstream: http://enet.bespin.org
diff --git a/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt b/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2047214680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Viktor Kirilov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h b/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94446982860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6205 @@
+// ====================================================================== lgtm [cpp/missing-header-guard]
+// == DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE BY HAND - IT IS AUTO GENERATED BY CMAKE! ==
+// ======================================================================
+//
+// doctest.h - the lightest feature-rich C++ single-header testing framework for unit tests and TDD
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Viktor Kirilov
+//
+// Distributed under the MIT Software License
+// See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// The documentation can be found at the library's page:
+// https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/blob/master/doc/markdown/readme.md
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+//
+// The library is heavily influenced by Catch - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// The concept of subcases (sections in Catch) and expression decomposition are from there.
+// Some parts of the code are taken directly:
+// - stringification - the detection of "ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const T&)" and StringMaker<>
+// - the Approx() helper class for floating point comparison
+// - colors in the console
+// - breaking into a debugger
+// - signal / SEH handling
+// - timer
+// - XmlWriter class - thanks to Phil Nash for allowing the direct reuse (AKA copy/paste)
+//
+// The expression decomposing templates are taken from lest - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == VERSION ======================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR 4
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_STR "2.4.0"
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION                                                                            \
+    (DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR * 10000 + DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR * 100 + DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER VERSION =============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// ideas for the version stuff are taken from here: https://github.com/cxxstuff/cxx_detect
+
+#define DOCTEST_COMPILER(MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH) ((MAJOR)*10000000 + (MINOR)*100000 + (PATCH))
+
+// GCC/Clang and GCC/MSVC are mutually exclusive, but Clang/MSVC are not because of clang-cl...
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#if _MSC_VER == _MSC_FULL_VER / 10000
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 10000)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, (_MSC_FULL_VER / 100000) % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 100000)
+#endif // MSVC
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_minor__)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG DOCTEST_COMPILER(__clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) &&              \
+        !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC DOCTEST_COMPILER(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif // GCC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#ifndef DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS HELPERS ====================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(clang diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+
+#if DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(GCC diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) __pragma(warning(disable : w))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wctor-dtor-privacy")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-promo")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623) // default constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtr...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+// 4548 - expression before comma has no effect; expected expression with side - effect
+// 4265 - class has virtual functions, but destructor is not virtual
+// 4986 - exception specification does not match previous declaration
+// 4350 - behavior change: 'member1' called instead of 'member2'
+// 4668 - 'x' is not defined as a preprocessor macro, replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif'
+// 4365 - conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned long', signed/unsigned mismatch
+// 4774 - format string expected in argument 'x' is not a string literal
+// 4820 - padding in structs
+
+// only 4 should be disabled globally:
+// - 4514 # unreferenced inline function has been removed
+// - 4571 # SEH related
+// - 4710 # function not inlined
+// - 4711 # function 'x' selected for automatic inline expansion
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4548)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4265)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4986)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4350)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4668)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5105)
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// general compiler feature support table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support
+// MSVC C++11 feature support table: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh567368.aspx
+// GCC C++11 feature support table: https://gcc.gnu.org/projects/cxx-status.html
+// MSVC version table:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B#Internal_version_numbering
+// MSVC++ 14.2 (16) _MSC_VER == 1920 (Visual Studio 2019)
+// MSVC++ 14.1 (15) _MSC_VER == 1910 (Visual Studio 2017)
+// MSVC++ 14.0      _MSC_VER == 1900 (Visual Studio 2015)
+// MSVC++ 12.0      _MSC_VER == 1800 (Visual Studio 2013)
+// MSVC++ 11.0      _MSC_VER == 1700 (Visual Studio 2012)
+// MSVC++ 10.0      _MSC_VER == 1600 (Visual Studio 2010)
+// MSVC++ 9.0       _MSC_VER == 1500 (Visual Studio 2008)
+// MSVC++ 8.0       _MSC_VER == 1400 (Visual Studio 2005)
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) &&             \
+        !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // _WIN32
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#if !defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // no exceptions
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS && !DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((dllexport))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __attribute__((dllimport))
+#endif // MSVC
+#else  // _WIN32
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+
+#define DOCTEST_EMPTY
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif // MSVC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#define DOCTEST_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#endif // DOCTEST_NORETURN
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+#define DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif // DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION END ========================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// internal macros for string concatenation and anonymous variable name generation
+#define DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2) s1##s2
+#define DOCTEST_CAT(s1, s2) DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2)
+#ifdef __COUNTER__ // not standard and may be missing for some compilers
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __COUNTER__)
+#else // __COUNTER__
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __LINE__)
+#endif // __COUNTER__
+
+#define DOCTEST_TOSTR(x) #x
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x&
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+
+// not using __APPLE__ because... this is how Catch does it
+#ifdef __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#elif defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(var)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wglobal-constructors")                              \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-variable")                                            \
+    static int var DOCTEST_UNUSED // NOLINT(fuchsia-statically-constructed-objects,cert-err58-cpp)
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+// should probably take a look at https://github.com/scottt/debugbreak
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("int $3\n" : :)
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wredundant-decls")
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ::DebugBreak()
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ((void)0)
+#endif // linux
+#endif // DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+
+// this is kept here for backwards compatibility since the config option was changed
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+// to detect if libc++ is being used with clang (the _LIBCPP_VERSION identifier)
+#include <ciso646>
+#endif // clang
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+#else // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace std {
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+
+// Forward declaring 'X' in namespace std is not permitted by the C++ Standard.
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4643)
+
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // NOLINT (cert-dcl58-cpp)
+typedef decltype(nullptr) nullptr_t;
+template <class charT>
+struct char_traits;
+template <>
+struct char_traits<char>;
+template <class charT, class traits>
+class basic_ostream;
+typedef basic_ostream<char, char_traits<char>> ostream;
+template <class... Types>
+class tuple;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+template <class _Ty>
+class allocator;
+template <class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+class basic_string;
+using string = basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
+#endif // VS 2019
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE extern bool is_running_in_test;
+
+// A 24 byte string class (can be as small as 17 for x64 and 13 for x86) that can hold strings with length
+// of up to 23 chars on the stack before going on the heap - the last byte of the buffer is used for:
+// - "is small" bit - the highest bit - if "0" then it is small - otherwise its "1" (128)
+// - if small - capacity left before going on the heap - using the lowest 5 bits
+// - if small - 2 bits are left unused - the second and third highest ones
+// - if small - acts as a null terminator if strlen() is 23 (24 including the null terminator)
+//              and the "is small" bit remains "0" ("as well as the capacity left") so its OK
+// Idea taken from this lecture about the string implementation of facebook/folly - fbstring
+// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPR8h4-qZdk
+// TODO:
+// - optimizations - like not deleting memory unnecessarily in operator= and etc.
+// - resize/reserve/clear
+// - substr
+// - replace
+// - back/front
+// - iterator stuff
+// - find & friends
+// - push_back/pop_back
+// - assign/insert/erase
+// - relational operators as free functions - taking const char* as one of the params
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE String
+{
+    static const unsigned len  = 24;      //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+    static const unsigned last = len - 1; //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+
+    struct view // len should be more than sizeof(view) - because of the final byte for flags
+    {
+        char*    ptr;
+        unsigned size;
+        unsigned capacity;
+    };
+
+    union
+    {
+        char buf[len];
+        view data;
+    };
+
+    bool isOnStack() const { return (buf[last] & 128) == 0; }
+    void setOnHeap();
+    void setLast(unsigned in = last);
+
+    void copy(const String& other);
+
+public:
+    String();
+    ~String();
+
+    // cppcheck-suppress noExplicitConstructor
+    String(const char* in);
+    String(const char* in, unsigned in_size);
+
+    String(const String& other);
+    String& operator=(const String& other);
+
+    String& operator+=(const String& other);
+    String  operator+(const String& other) const;
+
+    String(String&& other);
+    String& operator=(String&& other);
+
+    char  operator[](unsigned i) const;
+    char& operator[](unsigned i);
+
+    // the only functions I'm willing to leave in the interface - available for inlining
+    const char* c_str() const { return const_cast<String*>(this)->c_str(); } // NOLINT
+    char*       c_str() {
+        if(isOnStack())
+            return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf);
+        return data.ptr;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const;
+    unsigned capacity() const;
+
+    int compare(const char* other, bool no_case = false) const;
+    int compare(const String& other, bool no_case = false) const;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in);
+
+namespace Color {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None = 0,
+        White,
+        Red,
+        Green,
+        Blue,
+        Cyan,
+        Yellow,
+        Grey,
+
+        Bright = 0x10,
+
+        BrightRed   = Bright | Red,
+        BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+        LightGrey   = Bright | Grey,
+        BrightWhite = Bright | White
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code);
+} // namespace Color
+
+namespace assertType {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        // macro traits
+
+        is_warn    = 1,
+        is_check   = 2 * is_warn,
+        is_require = 2 * is_check,
+
+        is_normal      = 2 * is_require,
+        is_throws      = 2 * is_normal,
+        is_throws_as   = 2 * is_throws,
+        is_throws_with = 2 * is_throws_as,
+        is_nothrow     = 2 * is_throws_with,
+
+        is_false = 2 * is_nothrow,
+        is_unary = 2 * is_false, // not checked anywhere - used just to distinguish the types
+
+        is_eq = 2 * is_unary,
+        is_ne = 2 * is_eq,
+
+        is_lt = 2 * is_ne,
+        is_gt = 2 * is_lt,
+
+        is_ge = 2 * is_gt,
+        is_le = 2 * is_ge,
+
+        // macro types
+
+        DT_WARN    = is_normal | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK   = is_normal | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE = is_normal | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS    = is_throws | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS   = is_throws | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS = is_throws | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_AS    = is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS   = is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS = is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH    = is_throws_with | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH   = is_throws_with | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH = is_throws_with | is_require,
+        
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS    = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS   = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NOTHROW    = is_nothrow | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NOTHROW   = is_nothrow | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW = is_nothrow | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_EQ    = is_normal | is_eq | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_EQ   = is_normal | is_eq | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_EQ = is_normal | is_eq | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NE    = is_normal | is_ne | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NE   = is_normal | is_ne | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NE = is_normal | is_ne | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GT    = is_normal | is_gt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GT   = is_normal | is_gt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GT = is_normal | is_gt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LT    = is_normal | is_lt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LT   = is_normal | is_lt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LT = is_normal | is_lt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GE    = is_normal | is_ge | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GE   = is_normal | is_ge | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GE = is_normal | is_ge | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LE    = is_normal | is_le | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LE   = is_normal | is_le | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LE = is_normal | is_le | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY    = is_normal | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY   = is_normal | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY = is_normal | is_unary | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_require,
+    };
+} // namespace assertType
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file);
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseData
+{
+    String      m_file;       // the file in which the test was registered
+    unsigned    m_line;       // the line where the test was registered
+    const char* m_name;       // name of the test case
+    const char* m_test_suite; // the test suite in which the test was added
+    const char* m_description;
+    bool        m_skip;
+    bool        m_may_fail;
+    bool        m_should_fail;
+    int         m_expected_failures;
+    double      m_timeout;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE AssertData
+{
+    // common - for all asserts
+    const TestCaseData* m_test_case;
+    assertType::Enum    m_at;
+    const char*         m_file;
+    int                 m_line;
+    const char*         m_expr;
+    bool                m_failed;
+
+    // exception-related - for all asserts
+    bool   m_threw;
+    String m_exception;
+
+    // for normal asserts
+    String m_decomp;
+
+    // for specific exception-related asserts
+    bool        m_threw_as;
+    const char* m_exception_type;
+    const char* m_exception_string;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageData
+{
+    String           m_string;
+    const char*      m_file;
+    int              m_line;
+    assertType::Enum m_severity;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE SubcaseSignature
+{
+    String      m_name;
+    const char* m_file;
+    int         m_line;
+
+    bool operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IContextScope
+{
+    IContextScope();
+    virtual ~IContextScope();
+    virtual void stringify(std::ostream*) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct ContextOptions //!OCLINT too many fields
+{
+    std::ostream* cout;        // stdout stream - std::cout by default
+    std::ostream* cerr;        // stderr stream - std::cerr by default
+    String        binary_name; // the test binary name
+
+    // == parameters from the command line
+    String   out;       // output filename
+    String   order_by;  // how tests should be ordered
+    unsigned rand_seed; // the seed for rand ordering
+
+    unsigned first; // the first (matching) test to be executed
+    unsigned last;  // the last (matching) test to be executed
+
+    int abort_after;           // stop tests after this many failed assertions
+    int subcase_filter_levels; // apply the subcase filters for the first N levels
+
+    bool success;              // include successful assertions in output
+    bool case_sensitive;       // if filtering should be case sensitive
+    bool exit;                 // if the program should be exited after the tests are ran/whatever
+    bool duration;             // print the time duration of each test case
+    bool no_throw;             // to skip exceptions-related assertion macros
+    bool no_exitcode;          // if the framework should return 0 as the exitcode
+    bool no_run;               // to not run the tests at all (can be done with an "*" exclude)
+    bool no_version;           // to not print the version of the framework
+    bool no_colors;            // if output to the console should be colorized
+    bool force_colors;         // forces the use of colors even when a tty cannot be detected
+    bool no_breaks;            // to not break into the debugger
+    bool no_skip;              // don't skip test cases which are marked to be skipped
+    bool gnu_file_line;        // if line numbers should be surrounded with :x: and not (x):
+    bool no_path_in_filenames; // if the path to files should be removed from the output
+    bool no_line_numbers;      // if source code line numbers should be omitted from the output
+    bool no_skipped_summary;   // don't print "skipped" in the summary !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+    bool no_time_in_output;    // omit any time/timestamps from output !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+
+    bool help;             // to print the help
+    bool version;          // to print the version
+    bool count;            // if only the count of matching tests is to be retrieved
+    bool list_test_cases;  // to list all tests matching the filters
+    bool list_test_suites; // to list all suites matching the filters
+    bool list_reporters;   // lists all registered reporters
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS)
+    template <bool CONDITION, typename TYPE = void>
+    struct enable_if
+    {};
+
+    template <typename TYPE>
+    struct enable_if<true, TYPE>
+    { typedef TYPE type; };
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference      { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&>  { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
+
+    template<class T> struct remove_const          { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_const<const T> { typedef T type; };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct deferred_false
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
+    { static const bool value = false; };
+
+    namespace has_insertion_operator_impl {
+        std::ostream &os();
+        template<class T>
+        DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) val();
+
+        template<class, class = void>
+        struct check {
+            static constexpr auto value = false;
+        };
+
+        template<class T>
+        struct check<T, decltype(os() << val<T>(), void())> {
+            static constexpr auto value = true;
+        };
+    } // namespace has_insertion_operator_impl
+
+    template<class T>
+    using has_insertion_operator = has_insertion_operator_impl::check<T>;
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream* getTlsOss(); // returns a thread-local ostringstream
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String getTlsOssResult();
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringMakerBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T)) {
+            return "{?}";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringMakerBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) in) {
+            *getTlsOss() << in;
+            return getTlsOssResult();
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String rawMemoryToString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) object) {
+        return rawMemoryToString(&object, sizeof(object));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const char* type_to_string() {
+        return "<>";
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker : public detail::StringMakerBase<detail::has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+{};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker<T*>
+{
+    template <typename U>
+    static String convert(U* p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename C>
+struct StringMaker<R C::*>
+{
+    static String convert(R C::*p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+String toString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) value) {
+    return StringMaker<T>::convert(value);
+}
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char* in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(bool in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(float in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double long in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char signed in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(std::nullptr_t in);
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const std::string& in);
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Approx
+{
+public:
+    explicit Approx(double value);
+
+    Approx operator()(double value) const;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Approx(const T& value,
+                    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type* =
+                            static_cast<T*>(nullptr)) {
+        *this = Approx(static_cast<double>(value));
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& epsilon(double newEpsilon);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type epsilon(
+            const T& newEpsilon) {
+        m_epsilon = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif //  DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& scale(double newScale);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type scale(
+            const T& newScale) {
+        m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX \
+    template <typename T> friend typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, bool>::type
+
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return operator==(double(lhs), rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+#undef DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+private:
+    double m_epsilon;
+    double m_scale;
+    double m_value;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const ContextOptions* getContextOptions();
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+namespace detail {
+    // clang-format off
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array       { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T, unsigned N>   struct decay_array<T[N]> { typedef T* type; };
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array<T[]>  { typedef T* type; };
+
+    template<class T>   struct not_char_pointer              { enum { value = 1 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<char*>       { enum { value = 0 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<const char*> { enum { value = 0 }; };
+
+    template<class T> struct can_use_op : public not_char_pointer<typename decay_array<T>::type> {};
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestFailureException
+    {
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at);
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void throwException();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Subcase
+    {
+        SubcaseSignature m_signature;
+        bool             m_entered = false;
+
+        Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line);
+        ~Subcase();
+
+        operator bool() const;
+    };
+
+    template <typename L, typename R>
+    String stringifyBinaryExpr(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const char* op,
+                               const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        return toString(lhs) + op + toString(rhs);
+    }
+
+#define DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(op, op_str, op_macro)                              \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE Result operator op(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        bool res = op_macro(lhs, rhs);                                                             \
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_false)                                                            \
+            res = !res;                                                                            \
+        if(!res || doctest::getContextOptions()->success)                                          \
+            return Result(res, stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, op_str, rhs));                             \
+        return Result(res);                                                                        \
+    }
+
+    // more checks could be added - like in Catch:
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1480/files
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1481/files
+#define DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(rt, op)                                                          \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    rt& operator op(const R&) {                                                                    \
+        static_assert(deferred_false<R>::value,                                                    \
+                      "Expression Too Complex Please Rewrite As Binary Comparison!");              \
+        return *this;                                                                              \
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Result
+    {
+        bool   m_passed;
+        String m_decomp;
+
+        Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition = String());
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ==)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, !=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |=)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39479163 what's the difference between 4018 and 4389
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4388) // signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4389) // 'operator' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4018) // 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    //DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4805) // 'operation' : unsafe mix of type 'type' and type 'type' in operation
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    // clang-format off
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE bool
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE typename enable_if<can_use_op<L>::value || can_use_op<R>::value, bool>::type
+    inline bool eq(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) == String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ne(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) != String(rhs); }
+    inline bool lt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool gt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool le(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <= String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ge(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >= String(rhs); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(name, op)                                                            \
+    template <typename L, typename R>                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE name(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,                             \
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        return lhs op rhs;                                                                         \
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(eq, ==)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ne, !=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(lt, <)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(gt, >)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(le, <=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ge, >=)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) l == r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) l != r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) l > r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) l < r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) l >= r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) l <= r
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) eq(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) ne(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) gt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) lt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) ge(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) le(l, r)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+
+    template <typename L>
+    // cppcheck-suppress copyCtorAndEqOperator
+    struct Expression_lhs
+    {
+        L                lhs;
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        explicit Expression_lhs(L in, assertType::Enum at)
+                : lhs(in)
+                , m_at(at) {}
+
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE operator Result() {
+            bool res = !!lhs;
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                res = !res;
+
+            if(!res || getContextOptions()->success)
+                return Result(res, toString(lhs));
+            return Result(res);
+        }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(==, " == ", DOCTEST_CMP_EQ) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(!=, " != ", DOCTEST_CMP_NE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>,  " >  ", DOCTEST_CMP_GT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<,  " <  ", DOCTEST_CMP_LT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>=, " >= ", DOCTEST_CMP_GE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<=, " <= ", DOCTEST_CMP_LE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |=)
+        // these 2 are unfortunate because they should be allowed - they have higher precedence over the comparisons, but the
+        // ExpressionDecomposer class uses the left shift operator to capture the left operand of the binary expression...
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ExpressionDecomposer
+    {
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at);
+
+        // The right operator for capturing expressions is "<=" instead of "<<" (based on the operator precedence table)
+        // but then there will be warnings from GCC about "-Wparentheses" and since "_Pragma()" is problematic this will stay for now...
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/870
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/565
+        template <typename L>
+        Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)> operator<<(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) operand) {
+            return Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)>(operand, m_at);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestSuite
+    {
+        const char* m_test_suite;
+        const char* m_description;
+        bool        m_skip;
+        bool        m_may_fail;
+        bool        m_should_fail;
+        int         m_expected_failures;
+        double      m_timeout;
+
+        TestSuite& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestSuite& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    typedef void (*funcType)();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCase : public TestCaseData
+    {
+        funcType m_test; // a function pointer to the test case
+
+        const char* m_type; // for templated test cases - gets appended to the real name
+        int m_template_id; // an ID used to distinguish between the different versions of a templated test case
+        String m_full_name; // contains the name (only for templated test cases!) + the template type
+
+        TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                 const char* type = "", int template_id = -1);
+
+        TestCase(const TestCase& other);
+
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+        TestCase& operator=(const TestCase& other);
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+        TestCase& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestCase& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const TestCase& other) const;
+    };
+
+    // forward declarations of functions used by the macros
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  regTest(const TestCase& tc);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool isDebuggerActive();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    int instantiationHelper(const T&) { return 0; }
+
+    namespace binaryAssertComparison {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            eq = 0,
+            ne,
+            gt,
+            lt,
+            ge,
+            le
+        };
+    } // namespace binaryAssertComparison
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template <int, class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator     { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L),     const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R)    ) const { return false;        } };
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(n, op) \
+    template <class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator<n, L, R> { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) const { return op(lhs, rhs); } };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(0, eq)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(1, ne)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(2, gt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(3, lt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(4, ge)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(5, le)
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ResultBuilder : public AssertData
+    {
+        ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                      const char* exception_type = "", const char* exception_string = "");
+
+        void setResult(const Result& res);
+
+        template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                            const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+            m_failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <typename L>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+            m_failed = !val;
+
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                m_failed = !m_failed;
+
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = toString(val);
+        }
+
+        void translateException();
+
+        bool log();
+        void react() const;
+    };
+
+    namespace assertAction {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            nothing     = 0,
+            dbgbreak    = 1,
+            shouldthrow = 2
+        };
+    } // namespace assertAction
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                         const char* expr, Result result);
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(decomp)                                                        \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!is_running_in_test) {                                                                  \
+            if(failed) {                                                                           \
+                ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                            \
+                rb.m_failed = failed;                                                              \
+                rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                              \
+                failed_out_of_a_testing_context(rb);                                               \
+                if(isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks)                          \
+                    DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                 \
+                if(checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                         \
+                    throwException();                                                              \
+            }                                                                                      \
+            return;                                                                                \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(decomp)                                                            \
+    ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                                        \
+    rb.m_failed = failed;                                                                          \
+    if(rb.m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)                                                \
+        rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                                      \
+    if(rb.log())                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    if(rb.m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                      \
+    throwException()
+
+    template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        bool failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+    }
+
+    template <typename L>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                       const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+        bool failed = !val;
+
+        if(at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            failed = !failed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(toString(val));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(toString(val));
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IExceptionTranslator
+    {
+        IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual bool translate(String&) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator //!OCLINT destructor of virtual class
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit ExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T))
+                : m_translateFunction(translateFunction) {}
+
+        bool translate(String& res) const override {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            try {
+                throw; // lgtm [cpp/rethrow-no-exception]
+                // cppcheck-suppress catchExceptionByValue
+            } catch(T ex) {                    // NOLINT
+                res = m_translateFunction(ex); //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            } catch(...) {} //!OCLINT -  empty catch statement
+#endif                      // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            ((void)res);    // to silence -Wunused-parameter
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        String (*m_translateFunction)(T);
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et);
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringStreamBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << toString(in);
+        }
+
+        // always treat char* as a string in this context - no matter
+        // if DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING is defined
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << String(in); }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringStreamBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << in;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringStream : public StringStreamBase<has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const T& value) {
+        StringStream<T>::convert(s, value);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in);
+
+    // ContextScope base class used to allow implementing methods of ContextScope 
+    // that don't depend on the template parameter in doctest.cpp.
+    class DOCTEST_INTERFACE ContextScopeBase : public IContextScope {
+    protected:
+        ContextScopeBase();
+
+        void destroy();
+    };
+
+    template <typename L> class ContextScope : public ContextScopeBase
+    {
+        const L &lambda_;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ContextScope(const L &lambda) : lambda_(lambda) {}
+
+        ContextScope(ContextScope &&other) : lambda_(other.lambda_) {}
+
+        void stringify(std::ostream* s) const override { lambda_(s); }
+
+        ~ContextScope() override { destroy(); }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageBuilder : public MessageData
+    {
+        std::ostream* m_stream;
+
+        MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity);
+        MessageBuilder() = delete;
+        ~MessageBuilder();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator<<(const T& in) {
+            toStream(m_stream, in);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool log();
+        void react();
+    };
+    
+    template <typename L>
+    ContextScope<L> MakeContextScope(const L &lambda) {
+        return ContextScope<L>(lambda);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(name, type, def)                                                  \
+    struct name                                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                              \
+        type data;                                                                                 \
+        name(type in = def)                                                                        \
+                : data(in) {}                                                                      \
+        void fill(detail::TestCase& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }           \
+        void fill(detail::TestSuite& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }          \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(test_suite, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(description, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(skip, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(timeout, double, 0);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(may_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(should_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(expected_failures, int, 0);
+
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T)) {
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+    static detail::ExceptionTranslator<T> exceptionTranslator(translateFunction);
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    detail::registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(&exceptionTranslator);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// in a separate namespace outside of doctest because the DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE macro
+// introduces an anonymous namespace in which getCurrentTestSuite gets overridden
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite();
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*)(T)) {
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef void (*assert_handler)(const AssertData&);
+    struct ContextState;
+} // namespace detail
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Context
+{
+    detail::ContextState* p;
+
+    void parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults = false);
+
+public:
+    explicit Context(int argc = 0, const char* const* argv = nullptr);
+
+    ~Context();
+
+    void applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    void addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value);
+    void clearFilters();
+    void setOption(const char* option, int value);
+    void setOption(const char* option, const char* value);
+
+    bool shouldExit();
+
+    void setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases();
+
+    void setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah);
+
+    int run();
+};
+
+namespace TestCaseFailureReason {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None                     = 0,
+        AssertFailure            = 1,   // an assertion has failed in the test case
+        Exception                = 2,   // test case threw an exception
+        Crash                    = 4,   // a crash...
+        TooManyFailedAsserts     = 8,   // the abort-after option
+        Timeout                  = 16,  // see the timeout decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt = 32,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedAndDid   = 64,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        DidntFailExactlyNumTimes = 128, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        FailedExactlyNumTimes    = 256, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        CouldHaveFailedAndDid    = 512  // see the may_fail decorator
+    };
+} // namespace TestCaseFailureReason
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE CurrentTestCaseStats
+{
+    int    numAssertsCurrentTest;
+    int    numAssertsFailedCurrentTest;
+    double seconds;
+    int    failure_flags; // use TestCaseFailureReason::Enum
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseException
+{
+    String error_string;
+    bool   is_crash;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestRunStats
+{
+    unsigned numTestCases;
+    unsigned numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestSuitesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestCasesFailed;
+    int      numAsserts;
+    int      numAssertsFailed;
+};
+
+struct QueryData
+{
+    const TestRunStats*  run_stats = nullptr;
+    const TestCaseData** data      = nullptr;
+    unsigned             num_data  = 0;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IReporter
+{
+    // The constructor has to accept "const ContextOptions&" as a single argument
+    // which has most of the options for the run + a pointer to the stdout stream
+    // Reporter(const ContextOptions& in)
+
+    // called when a query should be reported (listing test cases, printing the version, etc.)
+    virtual void report_query(const QueryData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when the whole test run starts
+    virtual void test_run_start() = 0;
+    // called when the whole test run ends (caching a pointer to the input doesn't make sense here)
+    virtual void test_run_end(const TestRunStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is started (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_start(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case is reentered because of unfinished subcases (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case has ended
+    virtual void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when an exception is thrown from the test case (or it crashes)
+    virtual void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException&) = 0;
+
+    // called whenever a subcase is entered (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature&) = 0;
+    // called whenever a subcase is exited (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_end() = 0;
+
+    // called for each assert (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_assert(const AssertData&) = 0;
+    // called for each message (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_message(const MessageData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is skipped either because it doesn't pass the filters, has a skip decorator
+    // or isn't in the execution range (between first and last) (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+
+    // doctest will not be managing the lifetimes of reporters given to it but this would still be nice to have
+    virtual ~IReporter();
+
+    // can obtain all currently active contexts and stringify them if one wishes to do so
+    static int                         get_num_active_contexts();
+    static const IContextScope* const* get_active_contexts();
+
+    // can iterate through contexts which have been stringified automatically in their destructors when an exception has been thrown
+    static int           get_num_stringified_contexts();
+    static const String* get_stringified_contexts();
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef IReporter* (*reporterCreatorFunc)(const ContextOptions&);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int prio, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter);
+
+    template <typename Reporter>
+    IReporter* reporterCreator(const ContextOptions& o) {
+        return new Reporter(o);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Reporter>
+int registerReporter(const char* name, int priority, bool isReporter) {
+    detail::registerReporterImpl(name, priority, detail::reporterCreator<Reporter>, isReporter);
+    return 0;
+}
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// if registering is not disabled
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// common code in asserts - for convenience
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(b)                                                            \
+    if(b.log())                                                                                    \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    b.react()
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x) x;
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x)                                                                     \
+    try {                                                                                          \
+        x;                                                                                         \
+    } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...)                                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wuseless-cast")                                       \
+    static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...) __VA_ARGS__;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+
+// registers the test by initializing a dummy var with a function
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(global_prefix, f, decorators)                                    \
+    global_prefix DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =              \
+            doctest::detail::regTest(                                                              \
+                    doctest::detail::TestCase(                                                     \
+                            f, __FILE__, __LINE__,                                                 \
+                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite()) *                 \
+                    decorators);                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, decorators)                                     \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            void f();                                                                              \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        static void func() {                                                                       \
+            der v;                                                                                 \
+            v.f();                                                                                 \
+        }                                                                                          \
+        DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, func, decorators)                                 \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    inline DOCTEST_NOINLINE void der::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f();                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(f, proxy, decorators)                        \
+    static doctest::detail::funcType proxy() { return f; }                                         \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(inline const, proxy(), decorators)                                   \
+    static void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(decorators)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for registering tests in classes - requires C++17 for inline variables!
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L || (DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 12, 0) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(decorators)                                                        \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_),          \
+                                                  DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_PROXY_),         \
+                                                  decorators)
+#else // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(...)                                                               \
+    TEST_CASES_CAN_BE_REGISTERED_IN_CLASSES_ONLY_IN_CPP17_MODE_OR_WITH_VS_2017_OR_NEWER
+#endif // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(c, decorators)                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), c,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)                                                           \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline const char* type_to_string<__VA_ARGS__>() {                                             \
+        return "<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">";                                                               \
+    }
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...)                                                                \
+    namespace doctest { namespace detail {                                                         \
+            DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, iter, func)                                 \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func();                                                                            \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename Tuple>                                                                  \
+        struct iter;                                                                               \
+        template <typename Type, typename... Rest>                                                 \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<Type, Rest...>>                                                     \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char* file, unsigned line, int index) {                                     \
+                doctest::detail::regTest(doctest::detail::TestCase(func<Type>, file, line,         \
+                                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite(),   \
+                                            doctest::detail::type_to_string<Type>(),               \
+                                            int(line) * 1000 + index)                              \
+                                         * dec);                                                   \
+                iter<std::tuple<Rest...>>(file, line, index + 1);                                  \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        template <>                                                                                \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<>>                                                                  \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char*, unsigned, int) {}                                                    \
+        };                                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(dec, T, id)                                              \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR),                      \
+                                           DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_))
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, anon, ...)                                 \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_CAT(anon, DUMMY)) =                                         \
+        doctest::detail::instantiationHelper(DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR)<__VA_ARGS__>(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0));\
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, anon, ...)                                         \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(anon, ITERATOR), anon);             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(anon, anon, std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>)               \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void anon()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(dec, T, ...)                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)                                                                      \
+    if(const doctest::detail::Subcase & DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUBCASE_) DOCTEST_UNUSED = \
+               doctest::detail::Subcase(name, __FILE__, __LINE__))
+
+// for grouping tests in test suites by using code blocks
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, ns_name)                                               \
+    namespace ns_name { namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {                                   \
+            static DOCTEST_NOINLINE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {            \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4640)                                      \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")                \
+                static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;                                            \
+                static bool                       inited = false;                                  \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                 \
+                if(!inited) {                                                                      \
+                    data* decorators;                                                              \
+                    inited = true;                                                                 \
+                }                                                                                  \
+                return data;                                                                       \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    namespace ns_name
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(decorators)                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUITE_))
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(decorators)                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * decorators);              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END                                                                     \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * "");                      \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering exception translators
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(translatorName, signature)                      \
+    inline doctest::String translatorName(signature);                                              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)) =                     \
+            doctest::registerExceptionTranslator(translatorName);                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    doctest::String translatorName(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_),       \
+                                               signature)
+
+// for registering reporters
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, true);                             \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering listeners
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, false);                            \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for logging
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(expression)                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_),  \
+                      DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), expression)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(lambda_name, mb_name, s_name, expression)                                \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4626)                                                  \
+    auto lambda_name = [&](std::ostream* s_name) {                                                 \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb_name(__FILE__, __LINE__, doctest::assertType::is_warn); \
+        mb_name.m_stream = s_name;                                                                 \
+        mb_name << expression;                                                                     \
+    };                                                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                              \
+    auto DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_) = doctest::detail::MakeContextScope(lambda_name)
+
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_INFO(#x " := " << x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(type, file, line, mb, x)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb(file, line, doctest::assertType::type);                 \
+        mb << x;                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(mb);                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_warn, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_check, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_require, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE(...) __VA_ARGS__ // Not removed to keep backwards compatibility.
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,         \
+                                               __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                            \
+    DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.setResult(                                                     \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+            << __VA_ARGS__))                                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB)                                                      \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, __VA_ARGS__);                                      \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+// necessary for <ASSERT>_MESSAGE
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2 DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::decomp_assert(                                                                \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__,                    \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+                    << __VA_ARGS__) DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, assert_type, message, ...)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, #expr, #__VA_ARGS__, message);    \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(const doctest::detail::remove_const<                                           \
+                    doctest::detail::remove_reference<__VA_ARGS__>::type>::type&) {                \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.translateException();                                                  \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.m_threw_as = true;                                                     \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, expr_str, assert_type, ...)                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, expr_str, "", __VA_ARGS__);       \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(assert_type, ...)                                                   \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        try {                                                                                      \
+            DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(__VA_ARGS__)                                                      \
+        } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                         \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_WARN_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_CHECK_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS, "")
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_WARN_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_CHECK_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comp, ...)                                              \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(                                                                       \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comp>(          \
+                        __VA_ARGS__))                                                              \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.unary_assert(__VA_ARGS__))                                 \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comparison, ...)                                        \
+    doctest::detail::binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comparison>(           \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    doctest::detail::unary_assert(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__,            \
+                                  #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == WHAT FOLLOWS IS VERSIONS OF THE MACROS THAT DO NOT DO ANY REGISTERING!                      ==
+// == THIS CAN BE ENABLED BY DEFINING DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE GLOBALLY!                            ==
+// =================================================================================================
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, name)                                           \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                           \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        { void f(); };                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    inline void der<DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, name)                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(name)                                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests in classes
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(name)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name)                                                         \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), x,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)
+
+// for typed tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, type, ...)                                                \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, type, id)                                          \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)
+
+// for a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(name) namespace
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline doctest::String DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+// clang-format off
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY - FORWARDING TO THE RIGHT MACROS
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ             DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ            DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE             DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE            DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT             DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT            DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT             DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT            DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE             DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE            DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE             DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE            DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY          DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY         DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY       DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+// clang-format on
+
+// BDD style macros
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...)  DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("  Scenario: " name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("  Scenario: " name, T, id)
+
+#define DOCTEST_GIVEN(name)     DOCTEST_SUBCASE("   Given: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_WHEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    When: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_WHEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("And when: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_THEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    Then: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_THEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("     And: " name)
+// clang-format on
+
+// == SHORT VERSIONS OF THE MACROS
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES)
+
+#define TEST_CASE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE
+#define TEST_CASE_CLASS DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define TEST_CASE_FIXTURE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE
+#define TYPE_TO_STRING DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY
+#define SUBCASE DOCTEST_SUBCASE
+#define TEST_SUITE DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE
+#define TEST_SUITE_BEGIN DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN
+#define TEST_SUITE_END DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END
+#define REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR
+#define REGISTER_REPORTER DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER
+#define REGISTER_LISTENER DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER
+#define INFO DOCTEST_INFO
+#define CAPTURE DOCTEST_CAPTURE
+#define ADD_MESSAGE_AT DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT
+#define MESSAGE DOCTEST_MESSAGE
+#define FAIL_CHECK DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK
+#define FAIL DOCTEST_FAIL
+#define TO_LVALUE DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE
+
+#define WARN DOCTEST_WARN
+#define WARN_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE
+#define WARN_THROWS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define WARN_NOTHROW DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#define CHECK DOCTEST_CHECK
+#define CHECK_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE
+#define CHECK_THROWS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#define REQUIRE DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#define WARN_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#define SCENARIO DOCTEST_SCENARIO
+#define SCENARIO_CLASS DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define GIVEN DOCTEST_GIVEN
+#define WHEN DOCTEST_WHEN
+#define AND_WHEN DOCTEST_AND_WHEN
+#define THEN DOCTEST_THEN
+#define AND_THEN DOCTEST_AND_THEN
+
+#define WARN_EQ DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define WARN_NE DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define CHECK_NE DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define WARN_GT DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define CHECK_GT DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define WARN_LT DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define CHECK_LT DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define WARN_GE DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define CHECK_GE DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define WARN_LE DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define CHECK_LE DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#define WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
+#define FAST_WARN_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ
+#define FAST_CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define FAST_WARN_NE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE
+#define FAST_CHECK_NE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define FAST_WARN_GT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT
+#define FAST_CHECK_GT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define FAST_WARN_LT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT
+#define FAST_CHECK_LT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define FAST_WARN_GE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE
+#define FAST_CHECK_GE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define FAST_WARN_LE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE
+#define FAST_CHECK_LE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// this is here to clear the 'current test suite' for the current translation unit - at the top
+DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END();
+
+// add stringification for primitive/fundamental types
+namespace doctest { namespace detail {
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(bool)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(float)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(signed char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned char)
+#if !DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(wchar_t)
+#endif // not MSVC or wchar_t support enabled
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long long int)
+}} // namespace doctest::detail
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#define DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT) || !defined(DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#include "doctest_fwd.h"
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wunused-macros")
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wglobal-constructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wshorten-64-to-32")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-variable-declarations")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wcovered-switch-default")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-noreturn")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdisabled-macro-expansion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-member-function")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-default")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmultiple-inheritance")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsuggest-attribute")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4267) // 'var' : conversion from 'x' to 'y', possible loss of data
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4530) // C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics not enabled
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4577) // 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774) // format string expected in argument is not a string literal
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365) // conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned', signed/unsigned mismatch
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding in structs
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039) // pointer to potentially throwing function passed to extern C
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045) // Spectre mitigation stuff
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4800) // forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtor...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN
+
+// required includes - will go only in one translation unit!
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <climits>
+// borland (Embarcadero) compiler requires math.h and not cmath - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/pull/37
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#include <math.h>
+#endif // __BORLANDC__
+#include <new>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <csignal>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// defines for a leaner windows.h
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif // WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
+
+// not sure what AfxWin.h is for - here I do what Catch does
+#ifdef __AFXDLL
+#include <AfxWin.h>
+#else
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+#include <windows.h>
+#else // MINGW
+#include <Windows.h>
+#endif // MINGW
+#endif
+#include <io.h>
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// this is a fix for https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/348
+// https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2012-January/msg00000.html
+#if !defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined(STDOUT_FILENO)
+#define STDOUT_FILENO fileno(stdout)
+#endif // HAVE_UNISTD_H
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END
+
+// counts the number of elements in a C array
+#define DOCTEST_COUNTOF(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_disabled
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_not_disabled
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "dt-"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY ""
+#endif
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+bool is_running_in_test = false;
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // case insensitive strcmp
+    int stricmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        for(;; a++, b++) {
+            const int d = tolower(*a) - tolower(*b);
+            if(d != 0 || !*a)
+                return d;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << std::setprecision(precision) << std::fixed << value;
+        std::string d = oss.str();
+        size_t      i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+        if(i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+            if(d[i] == '.')
+                i++;
+            d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+        }
+        return d.c_str();
+    }
+
+    struct Endianness
+    {
+        enum Arch
+        {
+            Big,
+            Little
+        };
+
+        static Arch which() {
+            int x = 1;
+            // casting any data pointer to char* is allowed
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+            if(*ptr)
+                return Little;
+            return Big;
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num) { memcpy(dest, src, num); }
+
+    String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>(size), inc = 1;
+        if(Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little) {
+            i   = end - 1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned const char* bytes = static_cast<unsigned const char*>(object);
+        std::ostringstream   oss;
+        oss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for(; i != end; i += inc)
+            oss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+        return oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream g_oss; // NOLINT(cert-err58-cpp)
+
+    std::ostream* getTlsOss() {
+        g_oss.clear(); // there shouldn't be anything worth clearing in the flags
+        g_oss.str(""); // the slow way of resetting a string stream
+        //g_oss.seekp(0); // optimal reset - as seen here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return &g_oss;
+    }
+
+    String getTlsOssResult() {
+        //g_oss << std::ends; // needed - as shown here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return g_oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace timer_large_integer
+{
+    
+#if defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    typedef ULONGLONG type;
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    using namespace std;
+    typedef uint64_t type;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+}
+
+typedef timer_large_integer::type ticks_t;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() { return DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS(); }
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        static LARGE_INTEGER hz = {0}, hzo = {0};
+        if(!hz.QuadPart) {
+            QueryPerformanceFrequency(&hz);
+            QueryPerformanceCounter(&hzo);
+        }
+        LARGE_INTEGER t;
+        QueryPerformanceCounter(&t);
+        return ((t.QuadPart - hzo.QuadPart) * LONGLONG(1000000)) / hz.QuadPart;
+    }
+#else  // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        timeval t;
+        gettimeofday(&t, nullptr);
+        return static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_sec) * 1000000 + static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_usec);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct Timer
+    {
+        void         start() { m_ticks = getCurrentTicks(); }
+        unsigned int getElapsedMicroseconds() const {
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks);
+        }
+        //unsigned int getElapsedMilliseconds() const {
+        //    return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000);
+        //}
+        double getElapsedSeconds() const { return static_cast<double>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks) / 1000000.0; }
+
+    private:
+        ticks_t m_ticks = 0;
+    };
+
+    // this holds both parameters from the command line and runtime data for tests
+    struct ContextState : ContextOptions, TestRunStats, CurrentTestCaseStats
+    {
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+        std::vector<std::vector<String>> filters = decltype(filters)(9); // 9 different filters
+
+        std::vector<IReporter*> reporters_currently_used;
+
+        const TestCase* currentTest = nullptr;
+
+        assert_handler ah = nullptr;
+
+        Timer timer;
+
+        std::vector<String> stringifiedContexts; // logging from INFO() due to an exception
+
+        // stuff for subcases
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature>     subcasesStack;
+        std::set<decltype(subcasesStack)> subcasesPassed;
+        int                               subcasesCurrentMaxLevel;
+        bool                              should_reenter;
+        std::atomic<bool>                 shouldLogCurrentException;
+
+        void resetRunData() {
+            numTestCases                = 0;
+            numTestCasesPassingFilters  = 0;
+            numTestSuitesPassingFilters = 0;
+            numTestCasesFailed          = 0;
+            numAsserts                  = 0;
+            numAssertsFailed            = 0;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = 0;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = 0;
+        }
+
+        void finalizeTestCaseData() {
+            seconds = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+
+            // update the non-atomic counters
+            numAsserts += numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailed += numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+            if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+
+            if(Approx(currentTest->m_timeout).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) != 0 &&
+               Approx(seconds).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) > currentTest->m_timeout)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout;
+
+            if(currentTest->m_should_fail) {
+                if(failure_flags) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt;
+                }
+            } else if(failure_flags && currentTest->m_may_fail) {
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+            } else if(currentTest->m_expected_failures > 0) {
+                if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest == currentTest->m_expected_failures) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool ok_to_fail = (TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes & failure_flags);
+
+            // if any subcase has failed - the whole test case has failed
+            if(failure_flags && !ok_to_fail)
+                numTestCasesFailed++;
+        }
+    };
+
+    ContextState* g_cs = nullptr;
+
+    // used to avoid locks for the debug output
+    // TODO: figure out if this is indeed necessary/correct - seems like either there still
+    // could be a race or that there wouldn't be a race even if using the context directly
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL bool g_no_colors;
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+} // namespace detail
+
+void String::setOnHeap() { *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buf[last]) = 128; }
+void String::setLast(unsigned in) { buf[last] = char(in); }
+
+void String::copy(const String& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(other.isOnStack()) {
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = other.data.size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, other.data.ptr, data.size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String() {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    setLast();
+}
+
+String::~String() {
+    if(!isOnStack())
+        delete[] data.ptr;
+}
+
+String::String(const char* in)
+        : String(in, strlen(in)) {}
+
+String::String(const char* in, unsigned in_size) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(in_size <= last) {
+        memcpy(buf, in, in_size + 1);
+        setLast(last - in_size);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = in_size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, in, in_size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String(const String& other) { copy(other); }
+
+String& String::operator=(const String& other) {
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+
+        copy(other);
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String& String::operator+=(const String& other) {
+    const unsigned my_old_size = size();
+    const unsigned other_size  = other.size();
+    const unsigned total_size  = my_old_size + other_size;
+    using namespace std;
+    if(isOnStack()) {
+        if(total_size < len) {
+            // append to the current stack space
+            memcpy(buf + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+            setLast(last - total_size);
+        } else {
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[total_size + 1];
+            // copy current data to new location before writing in the union
+            memcpy(temp, buf, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // update data in union
+            setOnHeap();
+            data.size     = total_size;
+            data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+            data.ptr      = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if(data.capacity > total_size) {
+            // append to the current heap block
+            data.size = total_size;
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        } else {
+            // resize
+            data.capacity *= 2;
+            if(data.capacity <= total_size)
+                data.capacity = total_size + 1;
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[data.capacity];
+            // copy current data to new location before releasing it
+            memcpy(temp, data.ptr, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // release old chunk
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+            // update the rest of the union members
+            data.size = total_size;
+            data.ptr  = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String String::operator+(const String& other) const { return String(*this) += other; }
+
+String::String(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    other.buf[0] = '\0';
+    other.setLast();
+}
+
+String& String::operator=(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+        other.buf[0] = '\0';
+        other.setLast();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+char String::operator[](unsigned i) const {
+    return const_cast<String*>(this)->operator[](i); // NOLINT
+}
+
+char& String::operator[](unsigned i) {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf)[i];
+    return data.ptr[i];
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+unsigned String::size() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return last - (unsigned(buf[last]) & 31); // using "last" would work only if "len" is 32
+    return data.size;
+}
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+unsigned String::capacity() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return len;
+    return data.capacity;
+}
+
+int String::compare(const char* other, bool no_case) const {
+    if(no_case)
+        return doctest::stricmp(c_str(), other);
+    return std::strcmp(c_str(), other);
+}
+
+int String::compare(const String& other, bool no_case) const {
+    return compare(other.c_str(), no_case);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0; }
+bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0; }
+bool operator< (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0; }
+bool operator> (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0; }
+bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) < 0 : true; }
+bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) > 0 : true; }
+// clang-format on
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in) { return s << in.c_str(); }
+
+namespace {
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream&, Color::Enum) DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED({}, ;)
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Color {
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        color_to_stream(s, code);
+        return s;
+    }
+} // namespace Color
+
+// clang-format off
+const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4062) // enum 'x' in switch of enum 'y' is not handled
+    switch(at) {  //!OCLINT missing default in switch statements
+        case assertType::DT_WARN                    : return "WARN";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK                   : return "CHECK";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE                 : return "REQUIRE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_FALSE              : return "WARN_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_FALSE             : return "CHECK_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_FALSE           : return "REQUIRE_FALSE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS             : return "WARN_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS            : return "CHECK_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS          : return "REQUIRE_THROWS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_AS          : return "WARN_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS         : return "CHECK_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS       : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH        : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH       : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH     : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS     : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS    : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS  : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NOTHROW            : return "WARN_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NOTHROW           : return "CHECK_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW         : return "REQUIRE_NOTHROW";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_EQ                 : return "WARN_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_EQ                : return "CHECK_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_EQ              : return "REQUIRE_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NE                 : return "WARN_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NE                : return "CHECK_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NE              : return "REQUIRE_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GT                 : return "WARN_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GT                : return "CHECK_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GT              : return "REQUIRE_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LT                 : return "WARN_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LT                : return "CHECK_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LT              : return "REQUIRE_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GE                 : return "WARN_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GE                : return "CHECK_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GE              : return "REQUIRE_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LE                 : return "WARN_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LE                : return "CHECK_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LE              : return "REQUIRE_LE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY              : return "WARN_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY             : return "CHECK_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY           : return "REQUIRE_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE        : return "WARN_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE       : return "CHECK_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE     : return "REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE";
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    return "";
+}
+// clang-format on
+
+const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    if(at & assertType::is_warn) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "WARNING";
+    if(at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "ERROR";
+    if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "FATAL ERROR";
+    return "";
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+// depending on the current options this will remove the path of filenames
+const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file) {
+    if(getContextOptions()->no_path_in_filenames) {
+        auto back    = std::strrchr(file, '\\');
+        auto forward = std::strrchr(file, '/');
+        if(back || forward) {
+            if(back > forward)
+                forward = back;
+            return forward + 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return file;
+}
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+bool SubcaseSignature::operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const {
+    if(m_line != other.m_line)
+        return m_line < other.m_line;
+    if(std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) != 0)
+        return std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) < 0;
+    return m_name.compare(other.m_name) < 0;
+}
+
+IContextScope::IContextScope()  = default;
+IContextScope::~IContextScope() = default;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(char* in) { return toString(static_cast<const char*>(in)); }
+String toString(const char* in) { return String("\"") + (in ? in : "{null string}") + "\""; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(bool in) { return in ? "true" : "false"; }
+String toString(float in) { return fpToString(in, 5) + "f"; }
+String toString(double in) { return fpToString(in, 10); }
+String toString(double long in) { return fpToString(in, 15); }
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(type, fmt)                                                      \
+    String toString(type in) {                                                                     \
+        char buf[64];                                                                              \
+        std::sprintf(buf, fmt, in);                                                                \
+        return buf;                                                                                \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char signed, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long, "%ld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long unsigned, "%lu")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long, "%lld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long unsigned, "%llu")
+
+String toString(std::nullptr_t) { return "NULL"; }
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+String toString(const std::string& in) { return in.c_str(); }
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+Approx::Approx(double value)
+        : m_epsilon(static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) * 100)
+        , m_scale(1.0)
+        , m_value(value) {}
+
+Approx Approx::operator()(double value) const {
+    Approx approx(value);
+    approx.epsilon(m_epsilon);
+    approx.scale(m_scale);
+    return approx;
+}
+
+Approx& Approx::epsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+    m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    return *this;
+}
+Approx& Approx::scale(double newScale) {
+    m_scale = newScale;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) {
+    // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
+    return std::fabs(lhs - rhs.m_value) <
+           rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + std::max<double>(std::fabs(lhs), std::fabs(rhs.m_value)));
+}
+bool operator==(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+bool operator!=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator<(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+
+String toString(const Approx& in) {
+    return String("Approx( ") + doctest::toString(in.m_value) + " )";
+}
+const ContextOptions* getContextOptions() { return DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(nullptr, g_cs); }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+namespace doctest {
+Context::Context(int, const char* const*) {}
+Context::~Context() = default;
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int, const char* const*) {}
+void Context::addFilter(const char*, const char*) {}
+void Context::clearFilters() {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, int) {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, const char*) {}
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return false; }
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() {}
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler) {}
+int  Context::run() { return 0; }
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int                         IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return 0; }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+int                         IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return 0; }
+const String*               IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+
+int registerReporter(const char*, int, IReporter*) { return 0; }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE)
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI)
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS && DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+// holds the current test suite
+doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {
+    static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;
+    return data;
+}
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+namespace {
+    // the int (priority) is part of the key for automatic sorting - sadly one can register a
+    // reporter with a duplicate name and a different priority but hopefully that won't happen often :|
+    typedef std::map<std::pair<int, String>, reporterCreatorFunc> reporterMap;
+
+    reporterMap& getReporters() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+    reporterMap& getListeners() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+#define DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(function, ...)                                           \
+    for(auto& curr_rep : g_cs->reporters_currently_used)                                           \
+    curr_rep->function(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+    bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            return true;
+
+        if((at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+           && getContextOptions()->abort_after > 0 &&
+           (g_cs->numAssertsFailed + g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic) >=
+                   getContextOptions()->abort_after)
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throwException() {
+        g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+        throw TestFailureException();
+    } // NOLINT(cert-err60-cpp)
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    void throwException() {}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+} // namespace detail
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // matching of a string against a wildcard mask (case sensitivity configurable) taken from
+    // https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1088/Wildcard-string-compare-globbing
+    int wildcmp(const char* str, const char* wild, bool caseSensitive) {
+        const char* cp = str;
+        const char* mp = wild;
+
+        while((*str) && (*wild != '*')) {
+            if((caseSensitive ? (*wild != *str) : (tolower(*wild) != tolower(*str))) &&
+               (*wild != '?')) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            wild++;
+            str++;
+        }
+
+        while(*str) {
+            if(*wild == '*') {
+                if(!*++wild) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                mp = wild;
+                cp = str + 1;
+            } else if((caseSensitive ? (*wild == *str) : (tolower(*wild) == tolower(*str))) ||
+                      (*wild == '?')) {
+                wild++;
+                str++;
+            } else {
+                wild = mp;   //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                str  = cp++; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+            }
+        }
+
+        while(*wild == '*') {
+            wild++;
+        }
+        return !*wild;
+    }
+
+    //// C string hash function (djb2) - taken from http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html
+    //unsigned hashStr(unsigned const char* str) {
+    //    unsigned long hash = 5381;
+    //    char          c;
+    //    while((c = *str++))
+    //        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; // hash * 33 + c
+    //    return hash;
+    //}
+
+    // checks if the name matches any of the filters (and can be configured what to do when empty)
+    bool matchesAny(const char* name, const std::vector<String>& filters, bool matchEmpty,
+                    bool caseSensitive) {
+        if(filters.empty() && matchEmpty)
+            return true;
+        for(auto& curr : filters)
+            if(wildcmp(name, curr.c_str(), caseSensitive))
+                return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    Subcase::Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line)
+            : m_signature({name, file, line}) {
+        ContextState* s = g_cs;
+
+        // check subcase filters
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcase_filter_levels)) {
+            if(!matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[6], true, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+            if(matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[7], false, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+        }
+        
+        // if a Subcase on the same level has already been entered
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel)) {
+            s->should_reenter = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // push the current signature to the stack so we can check if the
+        // current stack + the current new subcase have been traversed
+        s->subcasesStack.push_back(m_signature);
+        if(s->subcasesPassed.count(s->subcasesStack) != 0) {
+            // pop - revert to previous stack since we've already passed this
+            s->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = s->subcasesStack.size();
+        m_entered = true;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_start, m_signature);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    Subcase::~Subcase() {
+        if(m_entered) {
+            // only mark the subcase stack as passed if no subcases have been skipped
+            if(g_cs->should_reenter == false)
+                g_cs->subcasesPassed.insert(g_cs->subcasesStack);
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+            if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0
+#else
+            if(std::uncaught_exception()
+#endif
+            && g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException) {
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(
+                        test_case_exception, {"exception thrown in subcase - will translate later "
+                                              "when the whole test case has been exited (cannot "
+                                              "translate while there is an active exception)",
+                                              false});
+                g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+            }
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    Subcase::operator bool() const { return m_entered; }
+
+    Result::Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition)
+            : m_passed(passed)
+            , m_decomp(decomposition) {}
+
+    ExpressionDecomposer::ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at)
+            : m_at(at) {}
+
+    TestSuite& TestSuite::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_test_suite = in;
+        // clear state
+        m_description       = nullptr;
+        m_skip              = false;
+        m_may_fail          = false;
+        m_should_fail       = false;
+        m_expected_failures = 0;
+        m_timeout           = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                       const char* type, int template_id) {
+        m_file              = file;
+        m_line              = line;
+        m_name              = nullptr; // will be later overridden in operator*
+        m_test_suite        = test_suite.m_test_suite;
+        m_description       = test_suite.m_description;
+        m_skip              = test_suite.m_skip;
+        m_may_fail          = test_suite.m_may_fail;
+        m_should_fail       = test_suite.m_should_fail;
+        m_expected_failures = test_suite.m_expected_failures;
+        m_timeout           = test_suite.m_timeout;
+
+        m_test        = test;
+        m_type        = type;
+        m_template_id = template_id;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(const TestCase& other)
+            : TestCaseData() {
+        *this = other;
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26437)           // Do not slice
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator=(const TestCase& other) {
+        static_cast<TestCaseData&>(*this) = static_cast<const TestCaseData&>(other);
+
+        m_test        = other.m_test;
+        m_type        = other.m_type;
+        m_template_id = other.m_template_id;
+        m_full_name   = other.m_full_name;
+
+        if(m_template_id != -1)
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_name = in;
+        // make a new name with an appended type for templated test case
+        if(m_template_id != -1) {
+            m_full_name = String(m_name) + m_type;
+            // redirect the name to point to the newly constructed full name
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool TestCase::operator<(const TestCase& other) const {
+        if(m_line != other.m_line)
+            return m_line < other.m_line;
+        const int file_cmp = m_file.compare(other.m_file);
+        if(file_cmp != 0)
+            return file_cmp < 0;
+        return m_template_id < other.m_template_id;
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // for sorting tests by file/line
+    bool fileOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        // this is needed because MSVC gives different case for drive letters
+        // for __FILE__ when evaluated in a header and a source file
+        const int res = lhs->m_file.compare(rhs->m_file, bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        if(lhs->m_line != rhs->m_line)
+            return lhs->m_line < rhs->m_line;
+        return lhs->m_template_id < rhs->m_template_id;
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by suite/file/line
+    bool suiteOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_test_suite, rhs->m_test_suite);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return fileOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by name/suite/file/line
+    bool nameOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_name, rhs->m_name);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return suiteOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // all the registered tests
+    std::set<TestCase>& getRegisteredTests() {
+        static std::set<TestCase> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE g_stdoutHandle;
+    WORD   g_origFgAttrs;
+    WORD   g_origBgAttrs;
+    bool   g_attrsInitted = false;
+
+    int colors_init() {
+        if(!g_attrsInitted) {
+            g_stdoutHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+            g_attrsInitted = true;
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(g_stdoutHandle, &csbiInfo);
+            g_origFgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED |
+                                                     BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
+            g_origBgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED |
+                                                     FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int dumy_init_console_colors = colors_init();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        ((void)s);    // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE or DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        ((void)code); // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+        auto col = "";
+        // clang-format off
+            switch(code) { //!OCLINT missing break in switch statement / unnecessary default statement in covered switch statement
+                case Color::Red:         col = "[0;31m"; break;
+                case Color::Green:       col = "[0;32m"; break;
+                case Color::Blue:        col = "[0;34m"; break;
+                case Color::Cyan:        col = "[0;36m"; break;
+                case Color::Yellow:      col = "[0;33m"; break;
+                case Color::Grey:        col = "[1;30m"; break;
+                case Color::LightGrey:   col = "[0;37m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightRed:   col = "[1;31m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightGreen: col = "[1;32m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightWhite: col = "[1;37m"; break;
+                case Color::Bright: // invalid
+                case Color::None:
+                case Color::White:
+                default:                 col = "[0m";
+            }
+        // clang-format on
+        s << "\033" << col;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(fileno(stdout)) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+#define DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(x) SetConsoleTextAttribute(g_stdoutHandle, x | g_origBgAttrs)
+
+        // clang-format off
+        switch (code) {
+            case Color::White:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::Red:         DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED);                                      break;
+            case Color::Green:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN);                                    break;
+            case Color::Blue:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE);                                     break;
+            case Color::Cyan:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                  break;
+            case Color::Yellow:      DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                   break;
+            case Color::Grey:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(0);                                                   break;
+            case Color::LightGrey:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);                                break;
+            case Color::BrightRed:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);               break;
+            case Color::BrightGreen: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);             break;
+            case Color::BrightWhite: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::None:
+            case Color::Bright: // invalid
+            default:                 DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(g_origFgAttrs);
+        }
+            // clang-format on
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    }
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*>& getExceptionTranslators() {
+        static std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    String translateActiveException() {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        String res;
+        auto&  translators = getExceptionTranslators();
+        for(auto& curr : translators)
+            if(curr->translate(res))
+                return res;
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wcatch-value")
+        try {
+            throw;
+        } catch(std::exception& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        } catch(std::string& msg) {
+            return msg.c_str();
+        } catch(const char* msg) {
+            return msg;
+        } catch(...) {
+            return "unknown exception";
+        }
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+// clang-format on
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        return "";
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    // used by the macros for registering tests
+    int regTest(const TestCase& tc) {
+        getRegisteredTests().insert(tc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // sets the current test suite
+    int setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts) {
+        doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite() = ts;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE(); }
+#else // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+    // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+    // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+    // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+    // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+    bool isDebuggerActive() {
+        int        mib[4];
+        kinfo_proc info;
+        size_t     size;
+        // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+        // reason, we get a predictable result.
+        info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+        // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+        // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+        mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+        mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+        mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+        mib[3] = getpid();
+        // Call sysctl.
+        size = sizeof(info);
+        if(sysctl(mib, DOCTEST_COUNTOF(mib), &info, &size, 0, 0) != 0) {
+            std::cerr << "\nCall to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n";
+            return false;
+        }
+        // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+        return ((info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0);
+    }
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return ::IsDebuggerPresent() != 0; }
+#else
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+#endif // Platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+
+    void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et) {
+        if(std::find(getExceptionTranslators().begin(), getExceptionTranslators().end(), et) ==
+           getExceptionTranslators().end())
+            getExceptionTranslators().push_back(et);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << in; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in) { *s << std::boolalpha << in << std::noboolalpha; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in) { *s << in; }
+
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::vector<IContextScope*> g_infoContexts; // for logging with INFO()
+
+    ContextScopeBase::ContextScopeBase() {
+        g_infoContexts.push_back(this);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    // destroy cannot be inlined into the destructor because that would mean calling stringify after
+    // ContextScope has been destroyed (base class destructors run after derived class destructors).
+    // Instead, ContextScope calls this method directly from its destructor.
+    void ContextScopeBase::destroy() {
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+        if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0) {
+#else
+        if(std::uncaught_exception()) {
+#endif
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            this->stringify(&s);
+            g_cs->stringifiedContexts.push_back(s.str().c_str());
+        }
+        g_infoContexts.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        void reset() {}
+    };
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+    void reportFatal(const std::string&);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        DWORD id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+            {EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow"},
+            {EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error"},
+    };
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static LONG CALLBACK handleException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                if(ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+                    reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+            // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            // 32k seems enough for doctest to handle stack overflow,
+            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+            // Register an unhandled exception filter
+            previousTop = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(handleException);
+            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+        }
+
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+                SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTop);
+                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+                previousTop = nullptr;
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+
+    private:
+        static bool isSet;
+        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+        static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTop;
+    };
+
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+    LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER FatalConditionHandler::previousTop = nullptr;
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        int         id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {{SIGINT, "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal"},
+                               {SIGILL, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+                               {SIGFPE, "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal"},
+                               {SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+                               {SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal"},
+                               {SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal"}};
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static bool             isSet;
+        static struct sigaction oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)];
+        static stack_t          oldSigStack;
+        static char             altStackMem[4 * SIGSTKSZ];
+
+        static void handleSignal(int sig) {
+            const char* name = "<unknown signal>";
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                SignalDefs& def = signalDefs[i];
+                if(sig == def.id) {
+                    name = def.name;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            reset();
+            reportFatal(name);
+            raise(sig);
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            stack_t sigStack;
+            sigStack.ss_sp    = altStackMem;
+            sigStack.ss_size  = sizeof(altStackMem);
+            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+            struct sigaction sa = {};
+            sa.sa_handler       = handleSignal; // NOLINT
+            sa.sa_flags         = SA_ONSTACK;
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+                for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+                }
+                // Return the old stack
+                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool             FatalConditionHandler::isSet                                      = false;
+    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)] = {};
+    stack_t          FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack                                = {};
+    char             FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[]                              = {};
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) ::OutputDebugStringA(text)
+#else
+    // TODO: integration with XCode and other IDEs
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-unused-macros)
+#endif // Platform
+
+    void addAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+    void addFailedAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    void reportFatal(const std::string& message) {
+        g_cs->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Crash;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception, {message.c_str(), true});
+
+        while(g_cs->subcasesStack.size()) {
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+
+        g_cs->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    ResultBuilder::ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                                 const char* exception_type, const char* exception_string) {
+        m_test_case        = g_cs->currentTest;
+        m_at               = at;
+        m_file             = file;
+        m_line             = line;
+        m_expr             = expr;
+        m_failed           = true;
+        m_threw            = false;
+        m_threw_as         = false;
+        m_exception_type   = exception_type;
+        m_exception_string = exception_string;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+        if(m_expr[0] == ' ') // this happens when variadic macros are disabled under MSVC
+            ++m_expr;
+#endif // MSVC
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::setResult(const Result& res) {
+        m_decomp = res.m_decomp;
+        m_failed = !res.m_passed;
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::translateException() {
+        m_threw     = true;
+        m_exception = translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+    bool ResultBuilder::log() {
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw;
+        } else if((m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) && (m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as || (m_exception != m_exception_string);
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_exception != m_exception_string;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_threw;
+        }
+
+        if(m_exception.size())
+            m_exception = String("\"") + m_exception + "\"";
+
+        if(is_running_in_test) {
+            addAssert(m_at);
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_assert, *this);
+
+            if(m_failed)
+                addFailedAssert(m_at);
+        } else if(m_failed) {
+            failed_out_of_a_testing_context(*this);
+        }
+
+        return m_failed && isDebuggerActive() &&
+               !getContextOptions()->no_breaks; // break into debugger
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::react() const {
+        if(m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(m_at))
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad) {
+        if(g_cs->ah)
+            g_cs->ah(ad);
+        else
+            std::abort();
+    }
+
+    void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                       Result result) {
+        bool failed = !result.m_passed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity) {
+        m_stream   = getTlsOss();
+        m_file     = file;
+        m_line     = line;
+        m_severity = severity;
+    }
+
+    IExceptionTranslator::IExceptionTranslator()  = default;
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+
+    bool MessageBuilder::log() {
+        m_string = getTlsOssResult();
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_message, *this);
+
+        const bool isWarn = m_severity & assertType::is_warn;
+
+        // warn is just a message in this context so we don't treat it as an assert
+        if(!isWarn) {
+            addAssert(m_severity);
+            addFailedAssert(m_severity);
+        }
+
+        return isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks && !isWarn; // break
+    }
+
+    void MessageBuilder::react() {
+        if(m_severity & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::~MessageBuilder() = default;
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    template <typename Ex>
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw e;
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        std::cerr << "doctest will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                  << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+#define DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)                                                                \
+    throw_exception(std::logic_error(                                                              \
+            __FILE__ ":" DOCTEST_TOSTR(__LINE__) ": Internal doctest error: " msg))
+#endif // DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+
+    // clang-format off
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        std::string m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+            template<typename T>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = std::cout );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement();
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+        std::stringstream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text );
+
+        //void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+using uchar = unsigned char;
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    XmlEncode::XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat )
+    :   m_str( str ),
+        m_forWhat( forWhat )
+    {}
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            uchar c = m_str[idx];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    uchar nc = m_str[idx + n];
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (                 value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) || // removed "0x80 <= value &&" because redundant
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer )
+    :   m_writer( writer )
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ){
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if( m_writer )
+            m_writer->endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, indent );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while( !m_tags.empty() )
+            endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_indent += "  ";
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this );
+        startElement( name );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement() {
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+        }
+        m_os << std::endl;
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && attribute && attribute[0] != '\0' )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute ) {
+        m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if( tagWasOpen && indent )
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text );
+            m_needsNewline = true;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+    //    m_needsNewline = true;
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    //void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url ) {
+    //    m_os << "<?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\"" << url << "\"?>\n";
+    //}
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeBlankLine() {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << '\n';
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << ">" << std::endl;
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << std::endl;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// End of copy-pasted code from Catch
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct XmlReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        XmlReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto              contexts = get_active_contexts();
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&ss);
+                    xml.scopedElement("Info").writeText(ss.str());
+                    ss.str("");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        void test_case_start_impl(const TestCaseData& in) {
+            bool open_ts_tag = false;
+            if(tc != nullptr) { // we have already opened a test suite
+                if(std::strcmp(tc->m_test_suite, in.m_test_suite) != 0) {
+                    xml.endElement();
+                    open_ts_tag = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                open_ts_tag = true; // first test case ==> first test suite
+            }
+
+            if(open_ts_tag) {
+                xml.startElement("TestSuite");
+                xml.writeAttribute("name", in.m_test_suite);
+            }
+
+            tc = &in;
+            xml.startElement("TestCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line))
+                    .writeAttribute("description", in.m_description);
+
+            if(Approx(in.m_timeout) != 0)
+                xml.writeAttribute("timeout", in.m_timeout);
+            if(in.m_may_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("may_fail", true);
+            if(in.m_should_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("should_fail", true);
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            test_run_start();
+            if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Listener")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+                for(auto& curr : getReporters())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Reporter")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestCase").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_name)
+                        .writeAttribute("testsuite", in.data[i]->m_test_suite)
+                        .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.data[i]->m_file.c_str()))
+                        .writeAttribute("line", line(in.data[i]->m_line));
+                }
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestSuite").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_test_suite);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestSuites")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestSuitesPassingFilters);
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+            xml.startElement("doctest").writeAttribute("binary", binary_name);
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            // only the consequential ones (TODO: filters)
+            xml.scopedElement("Options")
+                    .writeAttribute("order_by", opt.order_by.c_str())
+                    .writeAttribute("rand_seed", opt.rand_seed)
+                    .writeAttribute("first", opt.first)
+                    .writeAttribute("last", opt.last)
+                    .writeAttribute("abort_after", opt.abort_after)
+                    .writeAttribute("subcase_filter_levels", opt.subcase_filter_levels)
+                    .writeAttribute("case_sensitive", opt.case_sensitive)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_throw", opt.no_throw)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_skip", opt.no_skip);
+        }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            if(tc) // the TestSuite tag - only if there has been at least 1 test case
+                xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes", p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numAssertsFailed);
+
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numTestCasesFailed);
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            test_case_start_impl(in);
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    st.numAssertsCurrentTest - st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest);
+            if(opt.duration)
+                xml.writeAttribute("duration", st.seconds);
+            if(tc->m_expected_failures)
+                xml.writeAttribute("expected_failures", tc->m_expected_failures);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Exception")
+                    .writeAttribute("crash", e.is_crash)
+                    .writeText(e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("SubCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line));
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override { xml.endElement(); }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Expression")
+                    .writeAttribute("success", !rb.m_failed)
+                    .writeAttribute("type", assertString(rb.m_at))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(rb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Original").writeText(rb.m_expr);
+
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Exception").writeText(rb.m_exception.c_str());
+
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedException").writeText(rb.m_exception_type);
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedExceptionString").writeText(rb.m_exception_string);
+            if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_normal) && !rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Expanded").writeText(rb.m_decomp.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Message")
+                    .writeAttribute("type", failureString(mb.m_severity))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(mb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(mb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Text").writeText(mb.m_string.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                test_case_start_impl(in);
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", "true");
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("xml", 0, XmlReporter);
+
+    void fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(std::ostream& s, const AssertData& rb) {
+        if((rb.m_at & (assertType::is_throws_as | assertType::is_throws_with)) ==
+            0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << " ) "
+                << Color::None;
+
+        if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "threw as expected!" : "did NOT throw at all!") << "\n";
+        } else if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) &&
+                    (rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\", " << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None;
+            if(rb.m_threw) {
+                if(!rb.m_failed) {
+                    s << "threw as expected!\n";
+                } else {
+                    s << "threw a DIFFERENT exception! (contents: " << rb.m_exception << ")\n";
+                }
+            } else {
+                s << "did NOT throw at all!\n";
+            }
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", "
+                << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (rb.m_threw_as ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\" ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (!rb.m_failed ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " : "didn't throw!") << Color::Cyan
+                << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else {
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " :
+                                (!rb.m_failed ? "is correct!\n" : "is NOT correct!\n"));
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                s << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+            else
+                s << "  values: " << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_decomp << " )\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    // - log_contexts()
+    // - log_message()
+    // - respond to queries
+    // - honor remaining options
+    // - more attributes in tags
+    struct JUnitReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        Timer timer;
+        std::vector<String> deepestSubcaseStackNames;
+
+        struct JUnitTestCaseData
+        {
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations") // gmtime
+            static std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+                // Beware, this is not reentrant because of backward compatibility issues
+                // Also, UTC only, again because of backward compatibility (%z is C++11)
+                time_t rawtime;
+                std::time(&rawtime);
+                auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+
+                std::tm* timeInfo;
+                timeInfo = std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+
+                char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+                const char* const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+                std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+                return std::string(timeStamp);
+            }
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+            struct JUnitTestMessage
+            {
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _type, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(_type), details(_details) {}
+
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(), details(_details) {}
+
+                std::string message, type, details;
+            };
+
+            struct JUnitTestCase
+            {
+                JUnitTestCase(const std::string& _classname, const std::string& _name)
+                    : classname(_classname), name(_name), time(0), failures() {}
+
+                std::string classname, name;
+                double time;
+                std::vector<JUnitTestMessage> failures, errors;
+            };
+
+            void add(const std::string& classname, const std::string& name) {
+                testcases.emplace_back(classname, name);
+            }
+
+            void appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(std::vector<String> nameStack) {
+                for(auto& curr: nameStack)
+                    if(curr.size())
+                        testcases.back().name += std::string("/") + curr.c_str();
+            }
+
+            void addTime(double time) {
+                if(time < 1e-4)
+                    time = 0;
+                testcases.back().time = time;
+                totalSeconds += time;
+            }
+
+            void addFailure(const std::string& message, const std::string& type, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().failures.emplace_back(message, type, details);
+                ++totalFailures;
+            }
+
+            void addError(const std::string& message, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().errors.emplace_back(message, details);
+                ++totalErrors;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<JUnitTestCase> testcases;
+            double totalSeconds = 0;
+            int totalErrors = 0, totalFailures = 0;
+        };
+
+        JUnitTestCaseData testCaseData;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        JUnitReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData&) override {}
+
+        void test_run_start() override {}
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            xml.startElement("testsuites");
+            xml.startElement("testsuite").writeAttribute("name", binary_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("errors", testCaseData.totalErrors)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", testCaseData.totalFailures)
+                    .writeAttribute("tests", p.numAsserts);
+            if(opt.no_time_in_output == false) {
+                xml.writeAttribute("time", testCaseData.totalSeconds);
+                xml.writeAttribute("timestamp", JUnitTestCaseData::getCurrentTimestamp());
+            }
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("doctest_version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            for(const auto& testCase : testCaseData.testcases) {
+                xml.startElement("testcase")
+                    .writeAttribute("classname", testCase.classname)
+                    .writeAttribute("name", testCase.name);
+                if(opt.no_time_in_output == false)
+                    xml.writeAttribute("time", testCase.time);
+                // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's junit output.
+                xml.writeAttribute("status", "run");
+
+                for(const auto& failure : testCase.failures) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("failure")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", failure.message)
+                        .writeAttribute("type", failure.type)
+                        .writeText(failure.details, false);
+                }
+
+                for(const auto& error : testCase.errors) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("error")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", error.message)
+                        .writeText(error.details);
+                }
+
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+            timer.start();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+
+            timer.start();
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            testCaseData.addError("exception", e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.push_back(in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {}
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed) // report only failures & ignore the `success` option
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+              << line(rb.m_line) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << std::endl;
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(os, rb);
+            testCaseData.addFailure(rb.m_decomp.c_str(), assertString(rb.m_at), os.str());
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("junit", 0, JUnitReporter);
+
+    struct Whitespace
+    {
+        int nrSpaces;
+        explicit Whitespace(int nr)
+                : nrSpaces(nr) {}
+    };
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Whitespace& ws) {
+        if(ws.nrSpaces != 0)
+            out << std::setw(ws.nrSpaces) << ' ';
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    struct ConsoleReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        std::ostream&                 s;
+        bool                          hasLoggedCurrentTestStart;
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature> subcasesStack;
+        size_t                        currentSubcaseLevel;
+        std::mutex                    mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc;
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : s(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co, std::ostream& ostr)
+                : s(ostr)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE HELPERS USED BY THE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void separator_to_stream() {
+            s << Color::Yellow
+              << "==============================================================================="
+                 "\n";
+        }
+
+        const char* getSuccessOrFailString(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                           const char* success_str) {
+            if(success)
+                return success_str;
+            return failureString(at);
+        }
+
+        Color::Enum getSuccessOrFailColor(bool success, assertType::Enum at) {
+            return success ? Color::BrightGreen :
+                             (at & assertType::is_warn) ? Color::Yellow : Color::Red;
+        }
+
+        void successOrFailColoredStringToStream(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                                const char* success_str = "SUCCESS") {
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(success, at)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(success, at, success_str) << ": ";
+        }
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto contexts = get_active_contexts();
+
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    s << (i == 0 ? "" : "          ");
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&s);
+                    s << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+        }
+
+        // this was requested to be made virtual so users could override it
+        virtual void file_line_to_stream(const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* tail = "") {
+            s << Color::LightGrey << skipPathFromFilename(file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+            << (opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : line) // 0 or the real num depending on the option
+            << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << tail;
+        }
+
+        void logTestStart() {
+            if(hasLoggedCurrentTestStart)
+                return;
+
+            separator_to_stream();
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, "\n");
+            if(tc->m_description)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "DESCRIPTION: " << Color::None << tc->m_description << "\n";
+            if(tc->m_test_suite && tc->m_test_suite[0] != '\0')
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST SUITE: " << Color::None << tc->m_test_suite << "\n";
+            if(strncmp(tc->m_name, "  Scenario:", 11) != 0)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST CASE:  ";
+            s << Color::None << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < currentSubcaseLevel; ++i) {
+                if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                    s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+            }
+
+            if(currentSubcaseLevel != subcasesStack.size()) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "\nDEEPEST SUBCASE STACK REACHED (DIFFERENT FROM THE CURRENT ONE):\n" << Color::None;
+                for(size_t i = 0; i < subcasesStack.size(); ++i) {
+                    if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                        s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = true;
+        }
+
+        void printVersion() {
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "doctest version is \""
+                  << DOCTEST_VERSION_STR << "\"\n";
+        }
+
+        void printIntro() {
+            printVersion();
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "run with \"--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help\" for options\n";
+        }
+
+        void printHelp() {
+            int sizePrefixDisplay = static_cast<int>(strlen(DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY));
+            printVersion();
+            // clang-format off
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "boolean values: \"1/on/yes/true\" or \"0/off/no/false\"\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filter  values: \"str1,str2,str3\" (comma separated strings)\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filters use wildcards for matching strings\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "something passes a filter if any of the strings in a filter matches\n";
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "ALL FLAGS, OPTIONS AND FILTERS ALSO AVAILABLE WITH A \"" DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "\" PREFIX!!!\n";
+#endif
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Query flags - the program quits after them. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "?,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help, -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "h                      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*0) <<  "prints this message\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "v,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "version                       "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the version\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "c,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "count                         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the number of matching tests\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ltc, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-cases               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching tests by name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lts, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-suites              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching test suites\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-reporters                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all registered reporters\n\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "The available <int>/<string> options/filters are:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case-exclude=<filters>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sf,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file=<filters>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sfe, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file-exclude=<filters> "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ts,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite=<filters>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tse, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite-exclude=<filters>  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase=<filters>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-exclude=<filters>     "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "r,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "reporters=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "reporters to use (console is default)\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "o,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "out=<string>                  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "output filename\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ob,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "order-by=<string>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "how the tests should be ordered\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       <string> - by [file/suite/name/rand]\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rand-seed=<int>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "seed for random ordering\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "f,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "first=<int>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the first test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "l,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "last=<int>                    "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the last test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "aa,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "abort-after=<int>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "stop after <int> failed assertions\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "scfl,--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-filter-levels=<int>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "apply filters for the first <int> levels\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Bool options - can be used like flags and true is assumed. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "s,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "success=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "include successful assertions in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "cs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "case-sensitive=<bool>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters being treated as case sensitive\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "e,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "exit=<bool>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "exits after the tests finish\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "d,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "duration=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the time duration of each test\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nt,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-throw=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips exceptions-related assert checks\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ne,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-exitcode=<bool>            "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "returns (or exits) always with success\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-run=<bool>                 "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips all runtime doctest operations\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nv,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-version=<bool>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "omit the framework version in the output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-colors=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables colors in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "fc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "force-colors=<bool>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "use colors even when not in a tty\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nb,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-breaks=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables breakpoints in debuggers\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ns,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-skip=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "don't skip test cases marked as skip\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gfl, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gnu-file-line=<bool>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << ":n: vs (n): for line numbers in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "npf, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-path-filenames=<bool>      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "only filenames and no paths in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nln, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-line-numbers=<bool>        "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "0 instead of real line numbers in output\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            // clang-format on
+
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "for more information visit the project documentation\n\n";
+        }
+
+        void printRegisteredReporters() {
+            printVersion();
+            auto printReporters = [this] (const reporterMap& reporters, const char* type) {
+                if(reporters.size()) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all registered " << type << "\n";
+                    for(auto& curr : reporters)
+                        s << "priority: " << std::setw(5) << curr.first.first
+                          << " name: " << curr.first.second << "\n";
+                }
+            };
+            printReporters(getListeners(), "listeners");
+            printReporters(getReporters(), "reporters");
+        }
+
+        void list_query_results() {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            if(opt.version) {
+                printVersion();
+            } else if(opt.help) {
+                printHelp();
+            } else if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                printRegisteredReporters();
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                if(opt.list_test_cases) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                      << "listing all test case names\n";
+                    separator_to_stream();
+                }
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_name << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all test suites\n";
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_test_suite << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override { printIntro(); }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            s << std::dec;
+
+            const bool anythingFailed = p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 || p.numAssertsFailed > 0;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "test cases: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters << " | "
+              << ((p.numTestCasesPassingFilters == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None :
+                                                                          Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed << " passed"
+              << Color::None << " | " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " | ";
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                const int numSkipped = p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+                s << (numSkipped == 0 ? Color::None : Color::Yellow) << std::setw(6) << numSkipped
+                  << " skipped" << Color::None;
+            }
+            s << "\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "assertions: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAsserts << " | "
+              << ((p.numAsserts == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None : Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << (p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed) << " passed" << Color::None
+              << " | " << (p.numAssertsFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None) << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAssertsFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " |\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "Status: " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::Green)
+              << ((p.numTestCasesFailed > 0) ? "FAILURE!" : "SUCCESS!") << Color::None << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+            tc                        = &in;
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+            currentSubcaseLevel = 0;
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            // log the preamble of the test case only if there is something
+            // else to print - something other than that an assert has failed
+            if(opt.duration ||
+               (st.failure_flags && st.failure_flags != TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure))
+                logTestStart();
+
+            if(opt.duration)
+                s << Color::None << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << st.seconds
+                  << " s: " << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout)
+                s << Color::Red << "Test case exceeded time limit of " << std::setprecision(6)
+                  << std::fixed << tc->m_timeout << "!\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Should have failed but didn't! Marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed as expected so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Allowed to fail so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Didn't fail exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times so marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times as expected so marking it as not failed!\n";
+            }
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Aborting - too many failed asserts!\n";
+            }
+            s << Color::None; // lgtm [cpp/useless-expression]
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(false, e.is_crash ? assertType::is_require :
+                                                                   assertType::is_check);
+            s << Color::Red << (e.is_crash ? "test case CRASHED: " : "test case THREW exception: ")
+              << Color::Cyan << e.error_string << "\n";
+
+            int num_stringified_contexts = get_num_stringified_contexts();
+            if(num_stringified_contexts) {
+                auto stringified_contexts = get_stringified_contexts();
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = num_stringified_contexts; i > 0; --i) {
+                    s << (i == num_stringified_contexts ? "" : "          ")
+                      << stringified_contexts[i - 1] << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+            s << "\n" << Color::None;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& subc) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            subcasesStack.push_back(subc);
+            ++currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            --currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(rb.m_file, rb.m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(!rb.m_failed, rb.m_at);
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(s, rb);
+
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(mb.m_file, mb.m_line, " ");
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(false, mb.m_severity)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(mb.m_severity & assertType::is_warn, mb.m_severity,
+                                        "MESSAGE") << ": ";
+            s << Color::None << mb.m_string << "\n";
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("console", 0, ConsoleReporter);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    struct DebugOutputWindowReporter : public ConsoleReporter
+    {
+        DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL static std::ostringstream oss;
+
+        DebugOutputWindowReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : ConsoleReporter(co, oss) {}
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(func, type, arg)                                    \
+    void func(type arg) override {                                                                 \
+        bool with_col = g_no_colors;                                                               \
+        g_no_colors   = false;                                                                     \
+        ConsoleReporter::func(arg);                                                                \
+        DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(oss.str().c_str());                                            \
+        oss.str("");                                                                               \
+        g_no_colors = with_col;                                                                    \
+    }
+
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_end, const TestRunStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_start, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_reenter, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_end, const CurrentTestCaseStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_exception, const TestCaseException&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_start, const SubcaseSignature&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_assert, const AssertData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_message, const MessageData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_skipped, const TestCaseData&, in)
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream DebugOutputWindowReporter::oss;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // the implementation of parseOption()
+    bool parseOptionImpl(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value) {
+        // going from the end to the beginning and stopping on the first occurrence from the end
+        for(int i = argc; i > 0; --i) {
+            auto index = i - 1;
+            auto temp = std::strstr(argv[index], pattern);
+            if(temp && (value || strlen(temp) == strlen(pattern))) { //!OCLINT prefer early exits and continue
+                // eliminate matches in which the chars before the option are not '-'
+                bool noBadCharsFound = true;
+                auto curr            = argv[index];
+                while(curr != temp) {
+                    if(*curr++ != '-') {
+                        noBadCharsFound = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if(noBadCharsFound && argv[index][0] == '-') {
+                    if(value) {
+                        // parsing the value of an option
+                        temp += strlen(pattern);
+                        const unsigned len = strlen(temp);
+                        if(len) {
+                            *value = temp;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // just a flag - no value
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // parses an option and returns the string after the '=' character
+    bool parseOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value = nullptr,
+                     const String& defaultVal = String()) {
+        if(value)
+            *value = defaultVal;
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        // offset (normally 3 for "dt-") to skip prefix
+        if(parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern + strlen(DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX), value))
+            return true;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        return parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern, value);
+    }
+
+    // locates a flag on the command line
+    bool parseFlag(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern) {
+        return parseOption(argc, argv, pattern);
+    }
+
+    // parses a comma separated list of words after a pattern in one of the arguments in argv
+    bool parseCommaSepArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern,
+                           std::vector<String>& res) {
+        String filtersString;
+        if(parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &filtersString)) {
+            // tokenize with "," as a separator
+            // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+            auto pch = std::strtok(filtersString.c_str(), ","); // modifies the string
+            while(pch != nullptr) {
+                if(strlen(pch))
+                    res.push_back(pch);
+                // uses the strtok() internal state to go to the next token
+                // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+                pch = std::strtok(nullptr, ",");
+            }
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    enum optionType
+    {
+        option_bool,
+        option_int
+    };
+
+    // parses an int/bool option from the command line
+    bool parseIntOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, optionType type,
+                        int& res) {
+        String parsedValue;
+        if(!parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &parsedValue))
+            return false;
+
+        if(type == 0) {
+            // boolean
+            const char positive[][5] = {"1", "true", "on", "yes"};  // 5 - strlen("true") + 1
+            const char negative[][6] = {"0", "false", "off", "no"}; // 6 - strlen("false") + 1
+
+            // if the value matches any of the positive/negative possibilities
+            for(unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                if(parsedValue.compare(positive[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 1; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if(parsedValue.compare(negative[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 0; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // integer
+            // TODO: change this to use std::stoi or something else! currently it uses undefined behavior - assumes '0' on failed parse...
+            int theInt = std::atoi(parsedValue.c_str()); // NOLINT
+            if(theInt != 0) {
+                res = theInt; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+Context::Context(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+        : p(new detail::ContextState) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv, true);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+Context::~Context() {
+    if(g_cs == p)
+        g_cs = nullptr;
+    delete p;
+}
+
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+// parses args
+void Context::parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults) {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file=",        p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sf=",                 p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file-exclude=",p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sfe=",                p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite=",         p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ts=",                 p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite-exclude=", p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tse=",                p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case=",          p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tc=",                 p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case-exclude=",  p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tce=",                p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase=",            p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sc=",                 p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase-exclude=",    p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sce=",                p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "reporters=",          p->filters[8]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "r=",                  p->filters[8]);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    int    intRes = 0;
+    String strRes;
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG(name, sname, var, default)                                   \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_bool, intRes) ||  \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_bool, intRes))   \
+        p->var = !!intRes;                                                                         \
+    else if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name) ||                           \
+            parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname))                            \
+        p->var = true;                                                                             \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_int, intRes) ||   \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_int, intRes))    \
+        p->var = intRes;                                                                           \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", &strRes, default) ||        \
+       parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", &strRes, default) ||       \
+       withDefaults)                                                                               \
+    p->var = strRes
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("out", "o", out, "");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("order-by", "ob", order_by, "file");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("rand-seed", "rs", rand_seed, 0);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("first", "f", first, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("last", "l", last, UINT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("abort-after", "aa", abort_after, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("subcase-filter-levels", "scfl", subcase_filter_levels, INT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("success", "s", success, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("case-sensitive", "cs", case_sensitive, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("exit", "e", exit, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("duration", "d", duration, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-throw", "nt", no_throw, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-exitcode", "ne", no_exitcode, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-run", "nr", no_run, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-version", "nv", no_version, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-colors", "nc", no_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("force-colors", "fc", force_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-breaks", "nb", no_breaks, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skip", "ns", no_skip, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("gnu-file-line", "gfl", gnu_file_line, !bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-path-filenames", "npf", no_path_in_filenames, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-line-numbers", "nln", no_line_numbers, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skipped-summary", "nss", no_skipped_summary, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-time-in-output", "ntio", no_time_in_output, false);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    if(withDefaults) {
+        p->help             = false;
+        p->version          = false;
+        p->count            = false;
+        p->list_test_cases  = false;
+        p->list_test_suites = false;
+        p->list_reporters   = false;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "help") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "h") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "?")) {
+        p->help = true;
+        p->exit = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "version") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "v")) {
+        p->version = true;
+        p->exit    = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "count") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "c")) {
+        p->count = true;
+        p->exit  = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-cases") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ltc")) {
+        p->list_test_cases = true;
+        p->exit            = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-suites") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lts")) {
+        p->list_test_suites = true;
+        p->exit             = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-reporters") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lr")) {
+        p->list_reporters = true;
+        p->exit           = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// allows the user to add procedurally to the filters from the command line
+void Context::addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value) { setOption(filter, value); }
+
+// allows the user to clear all filters from the command line
+void Context::clearFilters() {
+    for(auto& curr : p->filters)
+        curr.clear();
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the int/bool options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, int value) {
+    setOption(option, toString(value).c_str());
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the string options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, const char* value) {
+    auto argv   = String("-") + option + "=" + value;
+    auto lvalue = argv.c_str();
+    parseArgs(1, &lvalue);
+}
+
+// users should query this in their main() and exit the program if true
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return p->exit; }
+
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() { g_cs = p; }
+
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah) { p->ah = ah; }
+
+// the main function that does all the filtering and test running
+int Context::run() {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // save the old context state in case such was setup - for using asserts out of a testing context
+    auto old_cs = g_cs;
+    // this is the current contest
+    g_cs               = p;
+    is_running_in_test = true;
+
+    g_no_colors = p->no_colors;
+    p->resetRunData();
+
+    // stdout by default
+    p->cout = &std::cout;
+    p->cerr = &std::cerr;
+
+    // or to a file if specified
+    std::fstream fstr;
+    if(p->out.size()) {
+        fstr.open(p->out.c_str(), std::fstream::out);
+        p->cout = &fstr;
+    }
+
+    auto cleanup_and_return = [&]() {
+        if(fstr.is_open())
+            fstr.close();
+
+        // restore context
+        g_cs               = old_cs;
+        is_running_in_test = false;
+
+        // we have to free the reporters which were allocated when the run started
+        for(auto& curr : p->reporters_currently_used)
+            delete curr;
+        p->reporters_currently_used.clear();
+
+        if(p->numTestCasesFailed && !p->no_exitcode)
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    };
+
+    // setup default reporter if none is given through the command line
+    if(p->filters[8].empty())
+        p->filters[8].push_back("console");
+
+    // check to see if any of the registered reporters has been selected
+    for(auto& curr : getReporters()) {
+        if(matchesAny(curr.first.second.c_str(), p->filters[8], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(curr.second(*g_cs));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: check if there is nothing in reporters_currently_used
+
+    // prepend all listeners
+    for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.insert(p->reporters_currently_used.begin(), curr.second(*g_cs));
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    if(isDebuggerActive())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(new DebugOutputWindowReporter(*g_cs));
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // handle version, help and no_run
+    if(p->no_run || p->version || p->help || p->list_reporters) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, QueryData());
+
+        return cleanup_and_return();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<const TestCase*> testArray;
+    for(auto& curr : getRegisteredTests())
+        testArray.push_back(&curr);
+    p->numTestCases = testArray.size();
+
+    // sort the collected records
+    if(!testArray.empty()) {
+        if(p->order_by.compare("file", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), fileOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("suite", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), suiteOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("name", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), nameOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("rand", true) == 0) {
+            std::srand(p->rand_seed);
+
+            // random_shuffle implementation
+            const auto first = &testArray[0];
+            for(size_t i = testArray.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+                int idxToSwap = std::rand() % (i + 1); // NOLINT
+
+                const auto temp = first[i];
+
+                first[i]         = first[idxToSwap];
+                first[idxToSwap] = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::set<String> testSuitesPassingFilt;
+
+    bool                             query_mode = p->count || p->list_test_cases || p->list_test_suites;
+    std::vector<const TestCaseData*> queryResults;
+
+    if(!query_mode)
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+
+    // invoke the registered functions if they match the filter criteria (or just count them)
+    for(auto& curr : testArray) {
+        const auto& tc = *curr;
+
+        bool skip_me = false;
+        if(tc.m_skip && !p->no_skip)
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[0], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[1], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[2], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[3], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[4], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[5], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!skip_me)
+            p->numTestCasesPassingFilters++;
+
+        // skip the test if it is not in the execution range
+        if((p->last < p->numTestCasesPassingFilters && p->first <= p->last) ||
+           (p->first > p->numTestCasesPassingFilters))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(skip_me) {
+            if(!query_mode)
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_skipped, tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // do not execute the test if we are to only count the number of filter passing tests
+        if(p->count)
+            continue;
+
+        // print the name of the test and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_cases) {
+            queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // print the name of the test suite if not done already and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_suites) {
+            if((testSuitesPassingFilt.count(tc.m_test_suite) == 0) && tc.m_test_suite[0] != '\0') {
+                queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+                testSuitesPassingFilt.insert(tc.m_test_suite);
+                p->numTestSuitesPassingFilters++;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // execute the test if it passes all the filtering
+        {
+            p->currentTest = &tc;
+
+            p->failure_flags = TestCaseFailureReason::None;
+            p->seconds       = 0;
+
+            // reset atomic counters
+            p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic = 0;
+            p->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic       = 0;
+
+            p->subcasesPassed.clear();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_start, tc);
+
+            p->timer.start();
+            
+            bool run_test = true;
+
+            do {
+                // reset some of the fields for subcases (except for the set of fully passed ones)
+                p->should_reenter          = false;
+                p->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = 0;
+                p->subcasesStack.clear();
+
+                p->shouldLogCurrentException = true;
+
+                // reset stuff for logging with INFO()
+                p->stringifiedContexts.clear();
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                try {
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                    FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
+                    // execute the test
+                    tc.m_test();
+                    fatalConditionHandler.reset();
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                } catch(const TestFailureException&) {
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+                } catch(...) {
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception,
+                                                      {translateActiveException(), false});
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Exception;
+                }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+                // exit this loop if enough assertions have failed - even if there are more subcases
+                if(p->abort_after > 0 &&
+                   p->numAssertsFailed + p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic >= p->abort_after) {
+                    run_test = false;
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts;
+                }
+                
+                if(p->should_reenter && run_test)
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_reenter, tc);
+                if(!p->should_reenter)
+                    run_test = false;
+            } while(run_test);
+
+            p->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+            p->currentTest = nullptr;
+
+            // stop executing tests if enough assertions have failed
+            if(p->abort_after > 0 && p->numAssertsFailed >= p->abort_after)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!query_mode) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    } else {
+        QueryData qdata;
+        qdata.run_stats = g_cs;
+        qdata.data      = queryResults.data();
+        qdata.num_data  = unsigned(queryResults.size());
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, qdata);
+    }
+
+    // see these issues on the reasoning for this:
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/143#issuecomment-414418903
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/126
+    auto DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS = []() DOCTEST_NOINLINE
+        { std::cout << std::string(); };
+    DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS();
+
+    return cleanup_and_return();
+}
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return detail::g_infoContexts.size(); }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() {
+    return get_num_active_contexts() ? &detail::g_infoContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+int IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts.size(); }
+const String* IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() {
+    return get_num_stringified_contexts() ? &detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+    void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int priority, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter) {
+        if(isReporter)
+            getReporters().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+        else
+            getListeners().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4007) // 'function' : must be 'attribute' - see issue #182
+int main(int argc, char** argv) { return doctest::Context(argc, argv).run(); }
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT