From 579342810f5c453e91063c54ca6544300ea09090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: RevoluPowered <gordon@gordonite.tech>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 2020 17:35:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] t Add unit testing to Godot using DocTest and added to GitHub
 Actions CI

Implements exit codes into the engine so tests can return their statuses.
Ideally we don't do this, and we use FIXUP logic to 'begin' and 'end' the engine execution for tests specifically.

Since realistically we're initialising the engine here we don't want to do that, since String should not require an engine startup to test a single header.

This lowers the complexity of running the unit tests and even for
physics should be possible to implement such a fix.
---
 .github/workflows/linux_builds.yml      |    5 +
 .github/workflows/macos_builds.yml      |    5 +
 .github/workflows/windows_builds.yml    |    5 +
 .gitignore                              |    4 +-
 COPYRIGHT.txt                           |    5 +
 SConstruct                              |    3 +
 core/string_name.h                      |    4 +-
 main/SCsub                              |    1 -
 main/main.cpp                           |  395 +-
 main/main.h                             |   17 +-
 main/tests/test_main.cpp                |  101 +-
 main/tests/test_main.h                  |    2 +-
 main/tests/test_string.cpp              | 1207 -----
 main/tests/test_string.h                |  758 ++-
 main/tests/test_validate_testing.h      |   42 +
 platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp        |    3 +
 platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp |    4 +
 platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp    |    3 +
 platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm          |    5 +-
 platform/server/godot_server.cpp        |    3 +
 platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp      |    8 +-
 thirdparty/README.md                    |    8 +
 thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt          |   21 +
 thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h            | 6205 +++++++++++++++++++++++
 24 files changed, 7417 insertions(+), 1397 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 main/tests/test_string.cpp
 create mode 100644 main/tests/test_validate_testing.h
 create mode 100644 thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
 create mode 100644 thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h

diff --git a/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
index d91be544a38..be7737593ab 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux_builds.yml
@@ -62,6 +62,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=linuxbsd tools=yes target=release_debug module_mono_enabled=yes mono_glue=no
 
+      # Execute unit tests for the editor
+      - name: Unit Tests
+        run: |
+          ./bin/godot.linuxbsd.opt.tools.64.mono --test
+
   linux-template:
     runs-on: "ubuntu-20.04"
     name: Template w/ Mono (target=release, tools=no)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
index f6d357e7062..4a9fa910d05 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/macos_builds.yml
@@ -51,6 +51,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=osx tools=yes target=release_debug
 
+      # Execute unit tests for the editor
+      - name: Unit Tests
+        run: |
+          ./bin/godot.osx.opt.tools.64 --test
+
   macos-template:
     runs-on: "macos-latest"
     name: Template (target=release, tools=no)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml b/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
index 0c7f23036e0..c58bae82757 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows_builds.yml
@@ -56,6 +56,11 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         scons -j2 verbose=yes warnings=all werror=yes platform=windows tools=yes target=release_debug
 
+    # Execute unit tests for the editor
+    - name: Unit Tests
+      run: |
+        ./bin/godot.windows.opt.tools.64.exe --test
+
 # Build Product Upload (tested and working)
 # sorry this is disabled until github can give us some more space as we would hit our limit very quickly
 # tested this code and it works fine so just enable it to get them back
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f4af79929c2..6af581040c0 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@ doc/_build/
 # CLion
 cmake-build-debug
 
+# clangd
+.clangd/
+
 # Android specific
 .gradle
 local.properties
 *.iml
-.idea
 .gradletasknamecache
 project.properties
 platform/android/java/lib/.cxx/
diff --git a/COPYRIGHT.txt b/COPYRIGHT.txt
index fc3079c361a..e5d30e3328a 100644
--- a/COPYRIGHT.txt
+++ b/COPYRIGHT.txt
@@ -126,6 +126,11 @@ Copyright: 2018, Eric Lasota
  2018, Microsoft Corp.
 License: Expat
 
+Files: ./thirdparty/doctest/
+Comment: doctest
+Copyright: 2016-2019, Viktor Kirilov
+License: Expat
+
 Files: ./thirdparty/enet/
 Comment: ENet
 Copyright: 2002-2020, Lee Salzman
diff --git a/SConstruct b/SConstruct
index e7ca8b30308..e23aa1cdbc9 100644
--- a/SConstruct
+++ b/SConstruct
@@ -641,6 +641,9 @@ if selected_platform in platform_list:
             }
         )
 
+    # enable test framework globally and inform it of configuration method
+    env.Append(CPPDEFINES=["DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT"])
+
     scons_cache_path = os.environ.get("SCONS_CACHE")
     if scons_cache_path != None:
         CacheDir(scons_cache_path)
diff --git a/core/string_name.h b/core/string_name.h
index df6b458581c..886ddd0ee76 100644
--- a/core/string_name.h
+++ b/core/string_name.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #include "core/safe_refcount.h"
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
+class Main;
+
 struct StaticCString {
 	const char *ptr;
 	static StaticCString create(const char *p_ptr);
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ class StringName {
 	void unref();
 	friend void register_core_types();
 	friend void unregister_core_types();
-
+	friend class Main;
 	static Mutex mutex;
 	static void setup();
 	static void cleanup();
diff --git a/main/SCsub b/main/SCsub
index 7a301b82bc5..bf188d7328f 100644
--- a/main/SCsub
+++ b/main/SCsub
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ env.main_sources = []
 
 env.add_source_files(env.main_sources, "*.cpp")
 
-
 env.Depends("#main/splash.gen.h", "#main/splash.png")
 env.CommandNoCache("#main/splash.gen.h", "#main/splash.png", run_in_subprocess(main_builders.make_splash))
 
diff --git a/main/main.cpp b/main/main.cpp
index a500e173a2f..e60bdda18de 100644
--- a/main/main.cpp
+++ b/main/main.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "main.h"
 
+#include "core/core_string_names.h"
 #include "core/crypto/crypto.h"
 #include "core/debugger/engine_debugger.h"
 #include "core/input/input.h"
@@ -75,12 +76,14 @@
 #include "servers/xr_server.h"
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
+
 #include "editor/doc_data.h"
 #include "editor/doc_data_class_path.gen.h"
 #include "editor/editor_node.h"
 #include "editor/editor_settings.h"
 #include "editor/progress_dialog.h"
 #include "editor/project_manager.h"
+
 #endif
 
 /* Static members */
@@ -186,7 +189,8 @@ static String get_full_version_string() {
 // to have less code in main.cpp.
 void initialize_physics() {
 	/// 3D Physics Server
-	physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_server(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer3DManager::setting_property_name));
+	physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_server(
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer3DManager::setting_property_name));
 	if (!physics_server) {
 		// Physics server not found, Use the default physics
 		physics_server = PhysicsServer3DManager::new_default_server();
@@ -195,7 +199,8 @@ void initialize_physics() {
 	physics_server->init();
 
 	/// 2D Physics server
-	physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_server(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer2DManager::setting_property_name));
+	physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_server(
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get(PhysicsServer2DManager::setting_property_name));
 	if (!physics_2d_server) {
 		// Physics server not found, Use the default physics
 		physics_2d_server = PhysicsServer2DManager::new_default_server();
@@ -254,20 +259,25 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -h, --help                       Display this help message.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --version                        Display the version string.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -v, --verbose                    Use verbose stdout mode.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --quiet                          Quiet mode, silences stdout messages. Errors are still displayed.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --quiet                          Quiet mode, silences stdout messages. Errors are still displayed.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n");
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Run options:\n");
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -e, --editor                     Start the editor instead of running the scene.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -p, --project-manager            Start the project manager, even if a project is auto-detected.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -p, --project-manager            Start the project manager, even if a project is auto-detected.\n");
 #endif
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -q, --quit                       Quit after the first iteration.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -l, --language <locale>          Use a specific locale (<locale> being a two-letter code).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --path <directory>               Path to a project (<directory> must contain a 'project.godot' file).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -l, --language <locale>          Use a specific locale (<locale> being a two-letter code).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --path <directory>               Path to a project (<directory> must contain a 'project.godot' file).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -u, --upwards                    Scan folders upwards for project.godot file.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --main-pack <file>               Path to a pack (.pck) file to load.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --render-thread <mode>           Render thread mode ('unsafe', 'safe', 'separate').\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --render-thread <mode>           Render thread mode ('unsafe', 'safe', 'separate').\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-fs <address>            Remote filesystem (<host/IP>[:<port>] address).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-fs-password <password>  Password for remote filesystem.\n");
 
@@ -308,9 +318,12 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --resolution <W>x<H>             Request window resolution.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --position <X>,<Y>               Request window position.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --low-dpi                        Force low-DPI mode (macOS and Windows only).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --no-window                      Disable window creation (Windows only). Useful together with --script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --enable-vsync-via-compositor    When vsync is enabled, vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-vsync-via-compositor   Disable vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --no-window                      Disable window creation (Windows only). Useful together with --script.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --enable-vsync-via-compositor    When vsync is enabled, vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-vsync-via-compositor   Disable vsync via the OS' window compositor (Windows only).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --single-window                  Use a single window (no separate subwindows).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --tablet-driver                  Tablet input driver (");
 	for (int i = 0; i < OS::get_singleton()->get_tablet_driver_count(); i++) {
@@ -324,35 +337,51 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Debug options:\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -d, --debug                      Debug (local stdout debugger).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -b, --breakpoints                Breakpoint list as source::line comma-separated pairs, no spaces (use %%20 instead).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  -b, --breakpoints                Breakpoint list as source::line comma-separated pairs, no spaces (use %%20 instead).\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --profiling                      Enable profiling in the script debugger.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --gpu-abort                      Abort on GPU errors (usually validation layer errors), may help see the problem if your system freezes.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --remote-debug <uri>             Remote debug (<protocol>://<host/IP>[:<port>], e.g. tcp://127.0.0.1:6007).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --gpu-abort                      Abort on GPU errors (usually validation layer errors), may help see the problem if your system freezes.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --remote-debug <uri>             Remote debug (<protocol>://<host/IP>[:<port>], e.g. tcp://127.0.0.1:6007).\n");
 #if defined(DEBUG_ENABLED) && !defined(SERVER_ENABLED)
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --debug-collisions               Show collision shapes when running the scene.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --debug-navigation               Show navigation polygons when running the scene.\n");
 #endif
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --frame-delay <ms>               Simulate high CPU load (delay each frame by <ms> milliseconds).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --time-scale <scale>             Force time scale (higher values are faster, 1.0 is normal speed).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-render-loop            Disable render loop so rendering only occurs when called explicitly from script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --disable-crash-handler          Disable crash handler when supported by the platform code.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --fixed-fps <fps>                Force a fixed number of frames per second. This setting disables real-time synchronization.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --frame-delay <ms>               Simulate high CPU load (delay each frame by <ms> milliseconds).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --time-scale <scale>             Force time scale (higher values are faster, 1.0 is normal speed).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-render-loop            Disable render loop so rendering only occurs when called explicitly from script.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --disable-crash-handler          Disable crash handler when supported by the platform code.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --fixed-fps <fps>                Force a fixed number of frames per second. This setting disables real-time synchronization.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --print-fps                      Print the frames per second to the stdout.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n");
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("Standalone tools:\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  -s, --script <script>            Run a script.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --check-only                     Only parse for errors and quit (use with --script).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --check-only                     Only parse for errors and quit (use with --script).\n");
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export <preset> <path>         Export the project using the given preset and matching release template. The preset name should match one defined in export_presets.cfg.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("                                   <path> should be absolute or relative to the project directory, and include the filename for the binary (e.g. 'builds/game.exe'). The target directory should exist.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --export <preset> <path>         Export the project using the given preset and matching release template. The preset name should match one defined in export_presets.cfg.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"                                   <path> should be absolute or relative to the project directory, and include the filename for the binary (e.g. 'builds/game.exe'). The target directory should exist.\n");
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export-debug <preset> <path>   Same as --export, but using the debug template.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --export-pack <preset> <path>    Same as --export, but only export the game pack for the given preset. The <path> extension determines whether it will be in PCK or ZIP format.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --doctool <path>                 Dump the engine API reference to the given <path> in XML format, merging if existing files are found.\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --no-docbase                     Disallow dumping the base types (used with --doctool).\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --build-solutions                Build the scripting solutions (e.g. for C# projects). Implies --editor and requires a valid project to edit.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --export-pack <preset> <path>    Same as --export, but only export the game pack for the given preset. The <path> extension determines whether it will be in PCK or ZIP format.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --doctool <path>                 Dump the engine API reference to the given <path> in XML format, merging if existing files are found.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --no-docbase                     Disallow dumping the base types (used with --doctool).\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --build-solutions                Build the scripting solutions (e.g. for C# projects). Implies --editor and requires a valid project to edit.\n");
 #ifdef DEBUG_METHODS_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --gdnative-generate-json-api     Generate JSON dump of the Godot API for GDNative bindings.\n");
+	OS::get_singleton()->print(
+			"  --gdnative-generate-json-api     Generate JSON dump of the Godot API for GDNative bindings.\n");
 #endif
 	OS::get_singleton()->print("  --test <test>                    Run a unit test [");
 	const char **test_names = tests_get_names();
@@ -366,6 +395,23 @@ void Main::print_help(const char *p_binary) {
 #endif
 }
 
+int Main::test_entrypoint(int argc, char *argv[], bool &tests_need_run) {
+#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED // templates can't run unit test tool
+	OS::get_singleton()->initialize();
+	StringName::setup();
+	for (int x = 0; x < argc; x++) {
+		if (strncmp(argv[x], "--test", 6)) {
+			tests_need_run = true;
+			return test_main(argc, argv);
+		}
+	}
+	StringName::cleanup();
+	OS::get_singleton()->finalize();
+#endif
+	tests_need_run = false;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Engine initialization
  *
  * Consists of several methods that are called by each platform's specific main(argc, argv).
@@ -418,7 +464,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	ClassDB::register_class<Performance>();
 	engine->add_singleton(Engine::Singleton("Performance", performance));
 
-	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/crash_handler/message", String("Please include this when reporting the bug on https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues"));
+	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/crash_handler/message",
+			String("Please include this when reporting the bug on https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues"));
 
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: Parse CMDLine");
 
@@ -523,7 +570,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown audio driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ", audio_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown audio driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ",
+							audio_driver.utf8().get_data());
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < AudioDriverManager::get_driver_count(); i++) {
 						if (i == AudioDriverManager::get_driver_count() - 1) {
@@ -559,7 +607,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown display driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ", display_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown display driver '%s', aborting.\nValid options are ",
+							display_driver.utf8().get_data());
 
 					for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_create_function_count(); i++) {
 						if (i == DisplayServer::get_create_function_count() - 1) {
@@ -607,7 +656,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				}
 
 				if (!found) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown tablet driver '%s', aborting.\n", tablet_driver.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Unknown tablet driver '%s', aborting.\n",
+							tablet_driver.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -629,7 +679,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 				if (vm.find("x") == -1) { // invalid parameter format
 
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', it should be e.g. '1280x720'.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', it should be e.g. '1280x720'.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -637,7 +688,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 				int h = vm.get_slice("x", 1).to_int();
 
 				if (w <= 0 || h <= 0) {
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', width and height must be above 0.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid resolution '%s', width and height must be above 0.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -658,7 +710,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 				if (vm.find(",") == -1) { // invalid parameter format
 
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid position '%s', it should be e.g. '80,128'.\n", vm.utf8().get_data());
+					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid position '%s', it should be e.g. '80,128'.\n",
+							vm.utf8().get_data());
 					goto error;
 				}
 
@@ -754,7 +807,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 			// We still pass it to the main arguments since the argument handling itself is not done in this function
 			main_args.push_back(I->get());
 #endif
-		} else if (I->get() == "--export" || I->get() == "--export-debug" || I->get() == "--export-pack") { // Export project
+		} else if (I->get() == "--export" || I->get() == "--export-debug" ||
+				   I->get() == "--export-pack") { // Export project
 
 			editor = true;
 			main_args.push_back(I->get());
@@ -847,7 +901,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 			if (I->next()) {
 				debug_uri = I->next()->get();
 				if (debug_uri.find("://") == -1) { // wrong address
-					OS::get_singleton()->print("Invalid debug host address, it should be of the form <protocol>://<host/IP>:<port>.\n");
+					OS::get_singleton()->print(
+							"Invalid debug host address, it should be of the form <protocol>://<host/IP>:<port>.\n");
 					goto error;
 				}
 				N = I->next()->next();
@@ -888,7 +943,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	if (editor && project_manager) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("Error: Command line arguments implied opening both editor and project manager, which is not possible. Aborting.\n");
+		OS::get_singleton()->print(
+				"Error: Command line arguments implied opening both editor and project manager, which is not possible. Aborting.\n");
 		goto error;
 	}
 #endif
@@ -935,15 +991,35 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	OS::get_singleton()->ensure_user_data_dir();
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", 60);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,500,1")); // No negative and limit to 500 due to crashes
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"memory/limits/multithreaded_server/rid_pool_prealloc",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,500,1")); // No negative and limit to 500 due to crashes
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", 32768);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 4096, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_chars_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 4096, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", 2048);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 8192, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_queued_messages",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 8192, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", 400);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_errors_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
 	GLOBAL_DEF("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", 400);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"network/limits/debugger/max_warnings_per_second",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0, 200, 1, or_greater"));
 
 	EngineDebugger::initialize(debug_uri, skip_breakpoints, breakpoints);
 
@@ -978,8 +1054,13 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging.pc", true);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/log_path", "user://logs/godot.log");
 	GLOBAL_DEF("logging/file_logging/max_log_files", 5);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("logging/file_logging/max_log_files", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "logging/file_logging/max_log_files", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,20,1,or_greater")); //no negative numbers
-	if (!project_manager && !editor && FileAccess::get_create_func(FileAccess::ACCESS_USERDATA) && GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging")) {
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("logging/file_logging/max_log_files",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"logging/file_logging/max_log_files",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,20,1,or_greater")); //no negative numbers
+	if (!project_manager && !editor && FileAccess::get_create_func(FileAccess::ACCESS_USERDATA) &&
+			GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/enable_file_logging")) {
 		// Don't create logs for the project manager as they would be written to
 		// the current working directory, which is inconvenient.
 		String base_path = GLOBAL_GET("logging/file_logging/log_path");
@@ -1020,7 +1101,10 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_cmdline(execpath, main_args);
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", "Vulkan");
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "rendering/quality/driver/driver_name", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Vulkan,GLES2"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"rendering/quality/driver/driver_name",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Vulkan,GLES2"));
 	if (display_driver == "") {
 		display_driver = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/quality/driver/driver_name");
 	}
@@ -1029,24 +1113,39 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/2d/gles2_use_nvidia_rect_flicker_workaround", false);
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 1024);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/width", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/width", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/width",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/width",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 600);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/height", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/height", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/height",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/height",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/resizable", true);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/borderless", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/fullscreen", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/always_on_top", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/test_width", 0);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_width", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/test_width", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_width",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"display/window/size/test_width",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,7680,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/test_height", 0);
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_height", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "display/window/size/test_height", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/size/test_height",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"display/window/size/test_height",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,4320,or_greater")); // 8K resolution
 
 	if (use_custom_res) {
 		if (!force_res) {
 			window_size.width = GLOBAL_GET("display/window/size/width");
 			window_size.height = GLOBAL_GET("display/window/size/height");
 
-			if (globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_width") && globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_height")) {
+			if (globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_width") &&
+					globals->has_setting("display/window/size/test_height")) {
 				int tw = globals->get("display/window/size/test_width");
 				if (tw > 0) {
 					window_size.width = tw;
@@ -1106,8 +1205,8 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	}
 
 	/* todo restore
-	OS::get_singleton()->_allow_layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/allowed", false);
-	video_mode.layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/enabled", false);
+    OS::get_singleton()->_allow_layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/allowed", false);
+    video_mode.layered = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/per_pixel_transparency/enabled", false);
 */
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/intended_usage/framebuffer_allocation", 2);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/intended_usage/framebuffer_allocation.mobile", 3);
@@ -1180,10 +1279,15 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 	}
 
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_iterations_per_second(GLOBAL_DEF("physics/common/physics_fps", 60));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("physics/common/physics_fps", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "physics/common/physics_fps", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1,120,1,or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("physics/common/physics_fps",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "physics/common/physics_fps",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1,120,1,or_greater"));
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_physics_jitter_fix(GLOBAL_DEF("physics/common/physics_jitter_fix", 0.5));
 	Engine::get_singleton()->set_target_fps(GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/fps/force_fps", 0));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("debug/settings/fps/force_fps", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "debug/settings/fps/force_fps", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,120,1,or_greater"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("debug/settings/fps/force_fps",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"debug/settings/fps/force_fps",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,120,1,or_greater"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/stdout/print_fps", false);
 	GLOBAL_DEF("debug/settings/stdout/verbose_stdout", false);
@@ -1194,12 +1298,21 @@ Error Main::setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_ph
 
 	if (frame_delay == 0) {
 		frame_delay = GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/frame_delay_msec", 0);
-		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/frame_delay_msec", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "application/run/frame_delay_msec", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,100,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
+		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/frame_delay_msec",
+				PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+						"application/run/frame_delay_msec",
+						PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+						"0,100,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
 	}
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode(GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode", false));
-	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode_sleep_usec(GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", 6900)); // Roughly 144 FPS
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "0,33200,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
+	OS::get_singleton()->set_low_processor_usage_mode_sleep_usec(
+			GLOBAL_DEF("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec", 6900)); // Roughly 144 FPS
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::INT,
+					"application/run/low_processor_mode_sleep_usec",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+					"0,33200,1,or_greater")); // No negative numbers
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/ios/hide_home_indicator", true);
 
@@ -1286,14 +1399,16 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		String rendering_driver; // temp broken
 
 		Error err;
-		display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags, window_size, err);
+		display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags,
+				window_size, err);
 		if (err != OK) {
 			//ok i guess we can't use this display server, try other ones
 			for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_create_function_count(); i++) {
 				if (i == display_driver_idx) {
 					continue; //don't try the same twice
 				}
-				display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags, window_size, err);
+				display_server = DisplayServer::create(display_driver_idx, rendering_driver, window_mode, window_flags,
+						window_size, err);
 				if (err == OK) {
 					break;
 				}
@@ -1314,7 +1429,9 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 
 	rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerRaster);
 	if (OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() != OS::RENDER_THREAD_UNSAFE) {
-		rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerWrapMT(rendering_server, OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() == OS::RENDER_SEPARATE_THREAD));
+		rendering_server = memnew(RenderingServerWrapMT(rendering_server,
+				OS::get_singleton()->get_render_thread_mode() ==
+						OS::RENDER_SEPARATE_THREAD));
 	}
 
 	rendering_server->init();
@@ -1379,7 +1496,10 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		String boot_logo_path = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/image", String());
 		bool boot_logo_scale = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/fullsize", true);
 		bool boot_logo_filter = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/use_filter", true);
-		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/boot_splash/image", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/boot_splash/image", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png"));
+		ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/boot_splash/image",
+				PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+						"application/boot_splash/image",
+						PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png"));
 
 		Ref<Image> boot_logo;
 
@@ -1396,7 +1516,8 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 		Color boot_bg_color = GLOBAL_DEF("application/boot_splash/bg_color", boot_splash_bg_color);
 		if (boot_logo.is_valid()) {
 			OS::get_singleton()->_msec_splash = OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_msec();
-			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_boot_image(boot_logo, boot_bg_color, boot_logo_scale, boot_logo_filter);
+			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_boot_image(boot_logo, boot_bg_color, boot_logo_scale,
+					boot_logo_filter);
 
 		} else {
 #ifndef NO_DEFAULT_BOOT_LOGO
@@ -1421,21 +1542,31 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 	}
 
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: DCC");
-	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_default_clear_color(GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/environment/default_clear_color", Color(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)));
+	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->set_default_clear_color(
+			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/environment/default_clear_color", Color(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)));
 	MAIN_PRINT("Main: END");
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/macos_native_icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/macos_native_icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/macos_native_icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.icns"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/macos_native_icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"application/config/macos_native_icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.icns"));
 
 	GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/windows_native_icon", String());
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/windows_native_icon", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "application/config/windows_native_icon", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.ico"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("application/config/windows_native_icon",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"application/config/windows_native_icon",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.ico"));
 
 	Input *id = Input::get_singleton();
 	if (id) {
-		if (bool(GLOBAL_DEF("input_devices/pointing/emulate_touch_from_mouse", false)) && !(editor || project_manager)) {
+		if (bool(GLOBAL_DEF("input_devices/pointing/emulate_touch_from_mouse", false)) &&
+				!(editor || project_manager)) {
 			bool found_touchscreen = false;
 			for (int i = 0; i < DisplayServer::get_singleton()->get_screen_count(); i++) {
 				if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->screen_is_touchscreen(i)) {
@@ -1460,10 +1591,14 @@ Error Main::setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override) {
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", String());
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image_hotspot", Vector2());
 	GLOBAL_DEF("display/mouse_cursor/tooltip_position_offset", Point2(10, 10));
-	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/mouse_cursor/custom_image", PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
+	ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image",
+			PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+					"display/mouse_cursor/custom_image",
+					PROPERTY_HINT_FILE, "*.png,*.webp"));
 
 	if (String(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image")) != String()) {
-		Ref<Texture2D> cursor = ResourceLoader::load(ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image"));
+		Ref<Texture2D> cursor = ResourceLoader::load(
+				ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image"));
 		if (cursor.is_valid()) {
 			Vector2 hotspot = ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->get("display/mouse_cursor/custom_image_hotspot");
 			Input::get_singleton()->set_custom_mouse_cursor(cursor, Input::CURSOR_ARROW, hotspot);
@@ -1544,7 +1679,6 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	String positional_arg;
 	String game_path;
 	String script;
-	String test;
 	bool check_only = false;
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
@@ -1555,10 +1689,12 @@ bool Main::start() {
 #endif
 
 	main_timer_sync.init(OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec());
-
 	List<String> args = OS::get_singleton()->get_cmdline_args();
+
+	// parameters that do not have an argument to the right
 	for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
-		//parameters that do not have an argument to the right
+		// Doctest Unit Testing Handler
+		// Designed to override and pass arguments to the unit test handler.
 		if (args[i] == "--check-only") {
 			check_only = true;
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
@@ -1591,8 +1727,6 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			bool parsed_pair = true;
 			if (args[i] == "-s" || args[i] == "--script") {
 				script = args[i + 1];
-			} else if (args[i] == "--test") {
-				test = args[i + 1];
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 			} else if (args[i] == "--doctool") {
 				doc_tool = args[i + 1];
@@ -1624,7 +1758,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	String main_loop_type;
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	if (doc_tool != "") {
-		Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(true); // Needed to instance editor-only classes for their default values
+		Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(
+				true); // Needed to instance editor-only classes for their default values
 
 		{
 			DirAccessRef da = DirAccess::open(doc_tool);
@@ -1694,7 +1829,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		print_line("Generating new docs...");
 		doc.save_classes(index_path, doc_data_classes);
 
-		return false;
+		return FAILED;
 	}
 
 	if (_export_preset != "") {
@@ -1702,7 +1837,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			String err = "Command line includes export parameter option, but no destination path was given.\n";
 			err += "Please specify the binary's file path to export to. Aborting export.";
 			ERR_PRINT(err);
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 	}
 #endif
@@ -1716,16 +1851,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		main_loop = memnew(SceneTree);
 	};
 
-	if (test != "") {
-#ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-		main_loop = test_main(test, args);
-
-		if (!main_loop) {
-			return false;
-		}
-#endif
-
-	} else if (script != "") {
+	if (script != "") {
 		Ref<Script> script_res = ResourceLoader::load(script);
 		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(script_res.is_null(), false, "Can't load script: " + script);
 
@@ -1733,7 +1859,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			if (!script_res->is_valid()) {
 				OS::get_singleton()->set_exit_code(1);
 			}
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 
 		if (script_res->can_instance()) {
@@ -1744,13 +1870,15 @@ bool Main::start() {
 				if (obj) {
 					memdelete(obj);
 				}
-				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(false, vformat("Can't load the script \"%s\" as it doesn't inherit from SceneTree or MainLoop.", script));
+				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(false,
+						vformat("Can't load the script \"%s\" as it doesn't inherit from SceneTree or MainLoop.",
+								script));
 			}
 
 			script_loop->set_init_script(script_res);
 			main_loop = script_loop;
 		} else {
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		}
 
 	} else {
@@ -1764,7 +1892,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 	if (!main_loop) {
 		if (!ClassDB::class_exists(main_loop_type)) {
 			DisplayServer::get_singleton()->alert("Error: MainLoop type doesn't exist: " + main_loop_type);
-			return false;
+			return FAILED;
 		} else {
 			Object *ml = ClassDB::instance(main_loop_type);
 			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!ml, false, "Can't instance MainLoop type.");
@@ -1832,7 +1960,9 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 						Object *obj = ClassDB::instance(ibt);
 
-						ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(obj == nullptr, "Cannot instance script for autoload, expected 'Node' inheritance, got: " + String(ibt));
+						ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(obj == nullptr,
+								"Cannot instance script for autoload, expected 'Node' inheritance, got: " +
+										String(ibt));
 
 						n = Object::cast_to<Node>(obj);
 						n->set_script(script_res);
@@ -1880,7 +2010,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 			String stretch_mode = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/mode", "disabled");
 			String stretch_aspect = GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/aspect", "ignore");
-			Size2i stretch_size = Size2(GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 0), GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 0));
+			Size2i stretch_size = Size2(GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/width", 0),
+					GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/size/height", 0));
 
 			Window::ContentScaleMode cs_sm = Window::CONTENT_SCALE_MODE_DISABLED;
 			if (stretch_mode == "canvas_items") {
@@ -1924,10 +2055,14 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			int shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/quality/shadow_atlas/quadrant_3_subdiv");
 
 			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_size(shadow_atlas_size);
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(0, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q0_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(1, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q1_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(2, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q2_subdiv));
-			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(3, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(0, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q0_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(1, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q1_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(2, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q2_subdiv));
+			sml->get_root()->set_shadow_atlas_quadrant_subdiv(3, Viewport::ShadowAtlasQuadrantSubdiv(
+																		 shadow_atlas_q3_subdiv));
 
 			bool snap_controls = GLOBAL_DEF("gui/common/snap_controls_to_pixels", true);
 			sml->get_root()->set_snap_controls_to_pixels(snap_controls);
@@ -1937,30 +2072,51 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 			int texture_filter = GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", 1);
 			int texture_repeat = GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", 0);
-			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_filter(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter(texture_filter));
-			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat(Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat(texture_repeat));
+			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_filter(
+					Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureFilter(texture_filter));
+			sml->get_root()->set_default_canvas_item_texture_repeat(
+					Viewport::DefaultCanvasItemTextureRepeat(texture_repeat));
 
 		} else {
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/mode", "disabled");
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/mode", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/window/stretch/mode", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "disabled,canvas_items,viewport"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/mode",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+							"display/window/stretch/mode",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"disabled,canvas_items,viewport"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/aspect", "ignore");
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/aspect", PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING, "display/window/stretch/aspect", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "ignore,keep,keep_width,keep_height,expand"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/aspect",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::STRING,
+							"display/window/stretch/aspect",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"ignore,keep,keep_width,keep_height,expand"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("display/window/stretch/shrink", 1.0);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/shrink", PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT, "display/window/stretch/shrink", PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE, "1.0,8.0,0.1"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("display/window/stretch/shrink",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::FLOAT,
+							"display/window/stretch/shrink",
+							PROPERTY_HINT_RANGE,
+							"1.0,8.0,0.1"));
 			sml->set_auto_accept_quit(GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/auto_accept_quit", true));
 			sml->set_quit_on_go_back(GLOBAL_DEF("application/config/quit_on_go_back", true));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("gui/common/snap_controls_to_pixels", true);
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/quality/dynamic_fonts/use_oversampling", true);
 
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", 1);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Nearest,Linear,MipmapLinear,MipmapNearest"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info(
+					"rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_filter", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"Nearest,Linear,MipmapLinear,MipmapNearest"));
 			GLOBAL_DEF("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", 0);
-			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info("rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM, "Disable,Enable,Mirror"));
+			ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->set_custom_property_info(
+					"rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat",
+					PropertyInfo(Variant::INT, "rendering/canvas_textures/default_texture_repeat", PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM,
+							"Disable,Enable,Mirror"));
 		}
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 		if (editor) {
-			bool editor_embed_subwindows = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("interface/editor/single_window_mode");
+			bool editor_embed_subwindows = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+					"interface/editor/single_window_mode");
 
 			if (editor_embed_subwindows) {
 				sml->get_root()->set_embed_subwindows_hint(true);
@@ -1973,7 +2129,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 			local_game_path = game_path.replace("\\", "/");
 
 			if (!local_game_path.begins_with("res://")) {
-				bool absolute = (local_game_path.size() > 1) && (local_game_path[0] == '/' || local_game_path[1] == ':');
+				bool absolute =
+						(local_game_path.size() > 1) && (local_game_path[0] == '/' || local_game_path[1] == ':');
 
 				if (!absolute) {
 					if (ProjectSettings::get_singleton()->is_using_datapack()) {
@@ -1989,7 +2146,8 @@ bool Main::start() {
 						} else {
 							DirAccess *da = DirAccess::open(local_game_path.substr(0, sep));
 							if (da) {
-								local_game_path = da->get_current_dir().plus_file(local_game_path.substr(sep + 1, local_game_path.length()));
+								local_game_path = da->get_current_dir().plus_file(
+										local_game_path.substr(sep + 1, local_game_path.length()));
 								memdelete(da);
 							}
 						}
@@ -2059,7 +2217,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		}
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
-		if (project_manager || (script == "" && test == "" && game_path == "" && !editor)) {
+		if (project_manager || (script == "" && game_path == "" && !editor)) {
 			Engine::get_singleton()->set_editor_hint(true);
 			ProjectManager *pmanager = memnew(ProjectManager);
 			ProgressDialog *progress_dialog = memnew(ProgressDialog);
@@ -2072,12 +2230,16 @@ bool Main::start() {
 		if (project_manager || editor) {
 			if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->has_feature(DisplayServer::FEATURE_CONSOLE_WINDOW)) {
 				// Hide console window if requested (Windows-only).
-				bool hide_console = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("interface/editor/hide_console_window");
+				bool hide_console = EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+						"interface/editor/hide_console_window");
 				DisplayServer::get_singleton()->console_set_visible(!hide_console);
 			}
 
 			// Load SSL Certificates from Editor Settings (or builtin)
-			Crypto::load_default_certificates(EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting("network/ssl/editor_ssl_certificates").operator String());
+			Crypto::load_default_certificates(EditorSettings::get_singleton()->get_setting(
+																					 "network/ssl/editor_ssl_certificates")
+													  .
+													  operator String());
 		}
 #endif
 	}
@@ -2089,7 +2251,7 @@ bool Main::start() {
 
 	OS::get_singleton()->set_main_loop(main_loop);
 
-	return true;
+	return OK;
 }
 
 /* Main iteration
@@ -2107,6 +2269,7 @@ uint32_t Main::frames = 0;
 uint32_t Main::frame = 0;
 bool Main::force_redraw_requested = false;
 int Main::iterating = 0;
+
 bool Main::is_iterating() {
 	return iterating > 0;
 }
@@ -2182,7 +2345,8 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 
 		message_queue->flush();
 
-		physics_process_ticks = MAX(physics_process_ticks, OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() - physics_begin); // keep the largest one for reference
+		physics_process_ticks = MAX(physics_process_ticks, OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() -
+																   physics_begin); // keep the largest one for reference
 		physics_process_max = MAX(OS::get_singleton()->get_ticks_usec() - physics_begin, physics_process_max);
 		Engine::get_singleton()->_physics_frames++;
 	}
@@ -2198,7 +2362,8 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 
 	RenderingServer::get_singleton()->sync(); //sync if still drawing from previous frames.
 
-	if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->can_any_window_draw() && RenderingServer::get_singleton()->is_render_loop_enabled()) {
+	if (DisplayServer::get_singleton()->can_any_window_draw() &&
+			RenderingServer::get_singleton()->is_render_loop_enabled()) {
 		if ((!force_redraw_requested) && OS::get_singleton()->is_in_low_processor_usage_mode()) {
 			if (RenderingServer::get_singleton()->has_changed()) {
 				RenderingServer::get_singleton()->draw(true, scaled_step); // flush visual commands
@@ -2260,10 +2425,12 @@ bool Main::iteration() {
 		auto_build_solutions = false;
 		// Only relevant when running the editor.
 		if (!editor) {
-			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true, "Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but no project is being edited. Aborting.");
+			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true,
+					"Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but no project is being edited. Aborting.");
 		}
 		if (!EditorNode::get_singleton()->call_build()) {
-			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true, "Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but the build callback failed. Aborting.");
+			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(true,
+					"Command line option --build-solutions was passed, but the build callback failed. Aborting.");
 		}
 	}
 #endif
diff --git a/main/main.h b/main/main.h
index 308128735cd..20c0bebefa7 100644
--- a/main/main.h
+++ b/main/main.h
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Main {
 
 public:
 	static bool is_project_manager();
-
+	static int test_entrypoint(int argc, char *argv[], bool &tests_need_run);
 	static Error setup(const char *execpath, int argc, char *argv[], bool p_second_phase = true);
 	static Error setup2(Thread::ID p_main_tid_override = 0);
 	static bool start();
@@ -58,4 +58,19 @@ public:
 	static void cleanup();
 };
 
+// Test main override is for the testing behaviour
+#define TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE                                         \
+	bool run_test = false;                                         \
+	int return_code = Main::test_entrypoint(argc, argv, run_test); \
+	if (run_test) {                                                \
+		return return_code;                                        \
+	}
+
+#define TEST_MAIN_PARAM_OVERRIDE(argc, argv)                       \
+	bool run_test = false;                                         \
+	int return_code = Main::test_entrypoint(argc, argv, run_test); \
+	if (run_test) {                                                \
+		return return_code;                                        \
+	}
+
 #endif // MAIN_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_main.cpp b/main/tests/test_main.cpp
index 5ebdaf17411..91eff28f86f 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_main.cpp
+++ b/main/tests/test_main.cpp
@@ -47,10 +47,14 @@
 #include "test_render.h"
 #include "test_shader_lang.h"
 #include "test_string.h"
+#include "test_validate_testing.h"
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
 
 const char **tests_get_names() {
 	static const char *test_names[] = {
-		"string",
+		"*",
+		"all",
 		"math",
 		"basis",
 		"physics_2d",
@@ -72,75 +76,38 @@ const char **tests_get_names() {
 	return test_names;
 }
 
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args) {
-	if (p_test == "string") {
-		return TestString::test();
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	// doctest runner for when legacy unit tests are no  found
+	doctest::Context test_context;
+	List<String> valid_arguments;
+
+	// clean arguments of --test from the args
+	int argument_count = 0;
+	for (int x = 0; x < argc; x++) {
+		if (strncmp(argv[x], "--test", 6) != 0) {
+			valid_arguments.push_back(String(argv[x]));
+			argument_count++;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (p_test == "math") {
-		return TestMath::test();
+	// convert godot command line arguments back to standard arguments.
+	char **args = new char *[valid_arguments.size()];
+	for (int x = 0; x < valid_arguments.size(); x++) {
+		// operation to convert godot string to non wchar string
+		const char *str = valid_arguments[x].utf8().ptr();
+		// allocate the string copy
+		args[x] = new char[strlen(str) + 1];
+		// copy this into memory
+		std::memcpy(args[x], str, strlen(str) + 1);
 	}
 
-	if (p_test == "basis") {
-		return TestBasis::test();
-	}
+	test_context.applyCommandLine(valid_arguments.size(), args);
 
-	if (p_test == "physics_2d") {
-		return TestPhysics2D::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "physics_3d") {
-		return TestPhysics3D::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "render") {
-		return TestRender::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "oa_hash_map") {
-		return TestOAHashMap::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "class_db") {
-		return TestClassDB::test();
-	}
-
-#ifndef _3D_DISABLED
-	if (p_test == "gui") {
-		return TestGUI::test();
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (p_test == "shaderlang") {
-		return TestShaderLang::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_tokenizer") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_TOKENIZER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_parser") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_PARSER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_compiler") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_COMPILER);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "gd_bytecode") {
-		return TestGDScript::test(TestGDScript::TEST_BYTECODE);
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "ordered_hash_map") {
-		return TestOrderedHashMap::test();
-	}
-
-	if (p_test == "astar") {
-		return TestAStar::test();
-	}
-
-	print_line("Unknown test: " + p_test);
-	return nullptr;
+	test_context.setOption("order-by", "name");
+	test_context.setOption("abort-after", 5);
+	test_context.setOption("no-breaks", true);
+	delete[] args;
+	return test_context.run();
 }
 
 #else
@@ -153,8 +120,8 @@ const char **tests_get_names() {
 	return test_names;
 }
 
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args) {
-	return nullptr;
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+	return 0;
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/main/tests/test_main.h b/main/tests/test_main.h
index bdb1668d21a..8273b74eac5 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_main.h
+++ b/main/tests/test_main.h
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
 const char **tests_get_names();
-MainLoop *test_main(String p_test, const List<String> &p_args);
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
 
 #endif // TEST_MAIN_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_string.cpp b/main/tests/test_string.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 73d59b0088e..00000000000
--- a/main/tests/test_string.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1207 +0,0 @@
-/*************************************************************************/
-/*  test_string.cpp                                                      */
-/*************************************************************************/
-/*                       This file is part of:                           */
-/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
-/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
-/*************************************************************************/
-/* Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
-/* Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
-/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
-/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
-/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
-/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
-/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
-/* the following conditions:                                             */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
-/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
-/*                                                                       */
-/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
-/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
-/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
-/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
-/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
-/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
-/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
-/*************************************************************************/
-
-#include "test_string.h"
-
-#include "core/io/ip_address.h"
-#include "core/os/os.h"
-#include "core/ustring.h"
-
-#include "modules/modules_enabled.gen.h"
-#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
-#include "modules/regex/regex.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <wchar.h>
-
-namespace TestString {
-
-bool test_1() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 1: Assign from cstr\n");
-
-	String s = "Hello";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Hello\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Hello") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_2() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 2: Assign from string (operator=)\n");
-
-	String s = "Dolly";
-	const String &t = s;
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Dolly\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", t.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Dolly") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_3() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 3: Assign from c-string (copycon)\n");
-
-	String s("Sheep");
-	const String &t(s);
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Sheep\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", t.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Sheep") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_4() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 4: Assign from c-widechar (operator=)\n");
-
-	String s(L"Give me");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Give me\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Give me") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_5() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 5: Assign from c-widechar (copycon)\n");
-
-	String s(L"Wool");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tExpected: Wool\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResulted: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Wool") == 0);
-}
-
-bool test_6() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 6: comparisons (equal)\n");
-
-	String s = "Test Compare";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Test Compare\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s == "Test Compare")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s == L"Test Compare")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s == String("Test Compare"))) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_7() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 7: comparisons (unequal)\n");
-
-	String s = "Test Compare";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Test Compare\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s != "Peanut")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s != L"Coconut")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (!(s != String("Butter"))) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_8() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 8: comparisons (operator<)\n");
-
-	String s = "Bees";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Bees\"\n");
-
-	if (!(s < "Elephant")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s < L"Amber") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s < String("Beatrix")) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_9() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 9: Concatenation\n");
-
-	String s;
-
-	s += "Have";
-	s += ' ';
-	s += 'a';
-	s += String(" ");
-	s = s + L"Nice";
-	s = s + " ";
-	s = s + String("Day");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tComparing to \"Have a Nice Day\"\n");
-
-	return (s == "Have a Nice Day");
-}
-
-bool test_10() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 10: Misc funcs (size/length/empty/etc)\n");
-
-	if (!String("").empty()) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (String("Mellon").size() != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (String("Oranges").length() != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_11() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 11: Operator[]\n");
-
-	String a = "Kugar Sane";
-
-	a[0] = 'S';
-	a[6] = 'C';
-
-	if (a != "Sugar Cane") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (a[1] != 'u') {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_12() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 12: case functions\n");
-
-	String a = "MoMoNgA";
-
-	if (a.to_upper() != "MOMONGA") {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (a.nocasecmp_to("momonga") != 0) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_13() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 13: UTF8\n");
-
-	/* how can i embed UTF in here? */
-
-	static const CharType ustr[] = { 0x304A, 0x360F, 0x3088, 0x3046, 0 };
-	//static const wchar_t ustr[] = { 'P', 0xCE, 'p',0xD3, 0 };
-	String s = ustr;
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tUnicode: %ls\n", ustr);
-	s.parse_utf8(s.utf8().get_data());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tConvert/Parse UTF8: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == ustr);
-}
-
-bool test_14() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 14: ASCII\n");
-
-	String s = L"Primero Leche";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tAscii: %s\n", s.ascii().get_data());
-
-	String t = s.ascii().get_data();
-	return (s == t);
-}
-
-bool test_15() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 15: substr\n");
-
-	String s = "Killer Baby";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tsubstr(3,4) of \"%ls\" is \"%ls\"\n", s.c_str(), s.substr(3, 4).c_str());
-
-	return (s.substr(3, 4) == "ler ");
-}
-
-bool test_16() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 16: find\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Woman";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"tty\" is at %i pos.\n", s.find("tty"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster Truck\" is at %i pos.\n", s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.find("tty") != 3) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_17() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 17: find no case\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Whale";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"WHA\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("WHA"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster SawFish\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.findn("WHA") != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_18() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 18: find no case\n");
-
-	String s = "Pretty Whale";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"WHA\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("WHA"));
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\"Revenge of the Monster SawFish\" is at %i pos.\n", s.findn("Revenge of the Monster Truck"));
-
-	if (s.findn("WHA") != 7) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	if (s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") != -1) {
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_19() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 19: Search & replace\n");
-
-	String s = "Happy Birthday, Anna!";
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	s = s.replace("Birthday", "Halloween");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tReplaced Birthday/Halloween: %ls.\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Happy Halloween, Anna!");
-}
-
-bool test_20() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 20: Insertion\n");
-
-	String s = "Who is Frederic?";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	s = s.insert(s.find("?"), " Chopin");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tInserted Chopin: %ls.\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Who is Frederic Chopin?");
-}
-
-bool test_21() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 21: Number -> String\n");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tPi is %f\n", 33.141593);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tPi String is %ls\n", String::num(3.141593).c_str());
-
-	return String::num(3.141593) == "3.141593";
-}
-
-bool test_22() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 22: String -> Int\n");
-
-	static const char *nums[4] = { "1237461283", "- 22", "0", " - 1123412" };
-	static const int num[4] = { 1237461283, -22, 0, -1123412 };
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-#ifdef __MINGW32__ // MinGW can't handle normal format specifiers for some reason. So we need special code just for MinGW.
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Int is %I64i\n", nums[i], (long long)(String(nums[i]).to_int()));
-#else
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Int is %lli\n", nums[i], (long long)(String(nums[i]).to_int()));
-#endif
-		if (String(nums[i]).to_int() != num[i]) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_23() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 23: String -> Float\n");
-
-	static const char *nums[4] = { "-12348298412.2", "0.05", "2.0002", " -0.0001" };
-	static const double num[4] = { -12348298412.2, 0.05, 2.0002, -0.0001 };
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: \"%s\" as Float is %f\n", nums[i], String(nums[i]).to_double());
-
-		if (ABS(String(nums[i]).to_double() - num[i]) > 0.00001) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_24() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 24: Slicing\n");
-
-	String s = "Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus";
-
-	const char *slices[4] = { "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus" };
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tSlicing \"%ls\" by \"%s\"..\n", s.c_str(), ",");
-
-	for (int i = 0; i < s.get_slice_count(","); i++) {
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\t\t%i- %ls\n", i + 1, s.get_slice(",", i).c_str());
-
-		if (s.get_slice(",", i) != slices[i]) {
-			return false;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool test_25() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 25: Erasing\n");
-
-	String s = "Josephine is such a cute girl!";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRemoving \"cute\"\n");
-
-	s.erase(s.find("cute "), String("cute ").length());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResult: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Josephine is such a girl!");
-}
-
-bool test_26() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 26: RegEx substitution\n");
-
-#ifndef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRegEx module disabled, can't run test.");
-	return false;
-#else
-	String s = "Double all the vowels.";
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tString: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tRepeating instances of 'aeiou' once\n");
-
-	RegEx re("(?<vowel>[aeiou])");
-	s = re.sub(s, "$0$vowel", true);
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\tResult: %ls\n", s.c_str());
-
-	return (s == "Doouublee aall thee vooweels.");
-#endif
-}
-
-struct test_27_data {
-	char const *data;
-	char const *begin;
-	bool expected;
-};
-
-bool test_27() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 27: begins_with\n");
-	test_27_data tc[] = {
-		{ "res://foobar", "res://", true },
-		{ "res", "res://", false },
-		{ "abc", "abc", true }
-	};
-	size_t count = sizeof(tc) / sizeof(tc[0]);
-	bool state = true;
-	for (size_t i = 0; state && i < count; ++i) {
-		String s = tc[i].data;
-		state = s.begins_with(tc[i].begin) == tc[i].expected;
-		if (state) {
-			String sb = tc[i].begin;
-			state = s.begins_with(sb) == tc[i].expected;
-		}
-		if (!state) {
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\t Failure on:\n\t\tstring: %s\n\t\tbegin: %s\n\t\texpected: %s\n", tc[i].data, tc[i].begin, tc[i].expected ? "true" : "false");
-			break;
-		}
-	};
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_28() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 28: sprintf\n");
-
-	bool success, state = true;
-	char output_format[] = "\tTest:\t%ls => %ls (%s)\n";
-	String format, output;
-	Array args;
-	bool error;
-
-	// %%
-	format = "fish %% frog";
-	args.clear();
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish % frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	//////// INTS
-
-	// Int
-	format = "fish %d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int left padded with zeroes.
-	format = "fish %05d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 00005 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int left padded with spaces.
-	format = "fish %5d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int right padded with spaces.
-	format = "fish %-5d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 5     frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int with sign (positive).
-	format = "fish %+d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish +5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Negative int.
-	format = "fish %d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(-5);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish -5 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Hex (lower)
-	format = "fish %x frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(45);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 2d frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Hex (upper)
-	format = "fish %X frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(45);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 2D frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Octal
-	format = "fish %o frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 143 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	////// REALS
-
-	// Real
-	format = "fish %f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real left-padded
-	format = "fish %11f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish   99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real right-padded
-	format = "fish %-11f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000   frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real given int.
-	format = "fish %f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.000000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with sign (positive).
-	format = "fish %+f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish +99.990000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with 1 decimals.
-	format = "fish %.1f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 100.0 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with 12 decimals.
-	format = "fish %.12f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 99.990000000000 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Real with no decimals.
-	format = "fish %.f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish 100 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	/////// Strings.
-
-	// String
-	format = "fish %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// String left-padded
-	format = "fish %10s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// String right-padded
-	format = "fish %-10s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish cheese     frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Characters
-
-	// Character as string.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("A");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish A frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character as int.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(65);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish A frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Dynamic width
-
-	// String dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     cheese frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Int dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*d frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back(99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish         99 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Float dynamic width
-	format = "fish %*.*f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(10);
-	args.push_back(3);
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == String("fish     99.990 frog") && !error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	///// Errors
-
-	// More formats than arguments.
-	format = "fish %s %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "not enough arguments for format string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// More arguments than formats.
-	format = "fish %s frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("hello");
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "not all arguments converted during string formatting" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Incomplete format.
-	format = "fish %10";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "incomplete format" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Bad character in format string
-	format = "fish %&f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "unsupported format character" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Too many decimals.
-	format = "fish %2.2.2f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "too many decimal points in format" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// * not a number
-	format = "fish %*f frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("cheese");
-	args.push_back(99.99);
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "* wants number" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character too long.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back("sc");
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "%c requires number or single-character string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	// Character bad type.
-	format = "fish %c frog";
-	args.clear();
-	args.push_back(Array());
-	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
-	success = (output == "%c requires number or single-character string" && error);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print(output_format, format.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_29() {
-	bool state = true;
-
-	IP_Address ip0("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip0 is %ls\n", String(ip0).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip(0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89ab, 0xcdef, true);
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip2("fe80::52e5:49ff:fe93:1baf");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip2).c_str());
-
-	IP_Address ip3("::ffff:192.168.0.1");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("ip6 is %ls\n", String(ip3).c_str());
-
-	String ip4 = "192.168.0.1";
-	bool success = ip4.is_valid_ip_address();
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv4: %ls, %s\n", ip4.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip4 = "192.368.0.1";
-	success = (!ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv4: %ls, %s\n", ip4.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	String ip6 = "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = ip6.is_valid_ip_address();
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85j3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = (!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85f345:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
-	success = (!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is invalid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "2001:0db8::0:8a2e:370:7334";
-	success = (ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	ip6 = "::ffff:192.168.0.1";
-	success = (ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is valid ipv6: %ls, %s\n", ip6.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	state = state && success;
-
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_30() {
-	bool state = true;
-	bool success = true;
-	String input = "bytes2var";
-	String output = "Bytes 2 Var";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "linear2db";
-	output = "Linear 2 Db";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "vector3";
-	output = "Vector 3";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "sha256";
-	output = "Sha 256";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "2db";
-	output = "2 Db";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "PascalCase";
-	output = "Pascal Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "PascalPascalCase";
-	output = "Pascal Pascal Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case";
-	output = "Snake Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_snake_case";
-	output = "Snake Snake Case";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "sha256sum";
-	output = "Sha 256 Sum";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "cat2dog";
-	output = "Cat 2 Dog";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "function(name)";
-	output = "Function(name)";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls (existing incorrect behavior): %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case_function(snake_case_arg)";
-	output = "Snake Case Function(snake Case Arg)";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls (existing incorrect behavior): %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	input = "snake_case_function( snake_case_arg )";
-	output = "Snake Case Function( Snake Case Arg )";
-	success = (input.capitalize() == output);
-	state = state && success;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Capitalize %ls: %ls, %s\n", input.c_str(), output.c_str(), success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_31() {
-	bool state = true;
-	bool success;
-
-	String a = "";
-	success = a[0] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 String[0]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	String b = "Godot";
-	success = b[b.size()] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 String[size()]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	const String c = "";
-	success = c[0] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 const String[0]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	const String d = "Godot";
-	success = d[d.size()] == 0;
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Is 0 const String[size()]:, %s\n", success ? "OK" : "FAIL");
-	if (!success) {
-		state = false;
-	}
-
-	return state;
-};
-
-bool test_32() {
-#define STRIP_TEST(x)                                            \
-	{                                                            \
-		bool success = x;                                        \
-		state = state && success;                                \
-		if (!success) {                                          \
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\tfailed at: %s\n", #x); \
-		}                                                        \
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 32: lstrip and rstrip\n");
-	bool state = true;
-
-	// strip none
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("") == "abc");
-	// strip one
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("a") == "bc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("c") == "ab");
-	// strip lots
-	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("ab") == "ccc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("cb") == "aaa");
-	// strip empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("") == "");
-	// strip to empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("bca") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("bca") == "");
-	// don't strip wrong end
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("c") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("a") == "bca");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("a") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("a") == "abc");
-	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
-	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
-
-	// the above tests repeated with additional superfluous strip chars
-
-	// strip none
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
-	// strip one
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwcjkl") == "ab");
-	// strip lots
-	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("qwabjkl") == "ccc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("qwcbjkl") == "aaa");
-	// strip empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("qwjkl") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("qwjkl") == "");
-	// strip to empty string
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
-	// don't strip wrong end
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwcjkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bca");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
-	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
-	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
-	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
-	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
-
-	return state;
-
-#undef STRIP_TEST
-}
-
-bool test_33() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 33: parse_utf8(null, -1)\n");
-
-	String empty;
-	return empty.parse_utf8(nullptr, -1);
-}
-
-bool test_34() {
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 34: Cyrillic to_lower()\n");
-
-	String upper = String::utf8("АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ");
-	String lower = String::utf8("абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя");
-
-	String test = upper.to_lower();
-
-	bool state = test == lower;
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-bool test_35() {
-#define COUNT_TEST(x)                                            \
-	{                                                            \
-		bool success = x;                                        \
-		state = state && success;                                \
-		if (!success) {                                          \
-			OS::get_singleton()->print("\tfailed at: %s\n", #x); \
-		}                                                        \
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\nTest 35: count and countn function\n");
-	bool state = true;
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("").count("Test") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("test") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("TEST") == 0);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TEST").count("TEST") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("aTest").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Testa").count("Test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("Test") == 3);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("TestTest") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestGodotTestGodotTestGodot").count("Test") == 3);
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 8) == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 12) == 2);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 16) == 3);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4) == 3);
-
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("test") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("TEST") == 1);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-Testatest").countn("tEst") == 4);
-	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-TeStatest").countn("tEsT", 4, 16) == 2);
-
-	return state;
-}
-
-typedef bool (*TestFunc)();
-
-TestFunc test_funcs[] = {
-
-	test_1,
-	test_2,
-	test_3,
-	test_4,
-	test_5,
-	test_6,
-	test_7,
-	test_8,
-	test_9,
-	test_10,
-	test_11,
-	test_12,
-	test_13,
-	test_14,
-	test_15,
-	test_16,
-	test_17,
-	test_18,
-	test_19,
-	test_20,
-	test_21,
-	test_22,
-	test_23,
-	test_24,
-	test_25,
-	test_26,
-	test_27,
-	test_28,
-	test_29,
-	test_30,
-	test_31,
-	test_32,
-	test_33,
-	test_34,
-	test_35,
-	nullptr
-
-};
-
-MainLoop *test() {
-	/** A character length != wchar_t may be forced, so the tests won't work */
-
-	static_assert(sizeof(CharType) == sizeof(wchar_t));
-
-	int count = 0;
-	int passed = 0;
-
-	while (true) {
-		if (!test_funcs[count]) {
-			break;
-		}
-		bool pass = test_funcs[count]();
-		if (pass) {
-			passed++;
-		}
-		OS::get_singleton()->print("\t%s\n", pass ? "PASS" : "FAILED");
-
-		count++;
-	}
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("\n\n\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("*************\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("***TOTALS!***\n");
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("*************\n");
-
-	OS::get_singleton()->print("Passed %i of %i tests\n", passed, count);
-
-	return nullptr;
-}
-
-} // namespace TestString
diff --git a/main/tests/test_string.h b/main/tests/test_string.h
index 96fa811126c..25fd513a1a7 100644
--- a/main/tests/test_string.h
+++ b/main/tests/test_string.h
@@ -31,12 +31,768 @@
 #ifndef TEST_STRING_H
 #define TEST_STRING_H
 
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <wchar.h>
+
+#include "core/io/ip_address.h"
 #include "core/os/main_loop.h"
+#include "core/os/os.h"
 #include "core/ustring.h"
 
+#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
+#include "modules/regex/regex.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
+
 namespace TestString {
 
-MainLoop *test();
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from cstr") {
+	String s = "Hello";
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Hello") == 0);
 }
 
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from string (operator=)") {
+	String s = "Dolly";
+	const String &t = s;
+	CHECK(wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Dolly") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-string (copycon)") {
+	String s("Sheep");
+	const String &t(s);
+	CHECK(wcscmp(t.c_str(), L"Sheep") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-widechar (operator=)") {
+	String s(L"Give me");
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Give me") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Assign from c-widechar (copycon)") {
+	String s(L"Wool");
+	CHECK(wcscmp(s.c_str(), L"Wool") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (equal)") {
+	String s = "Test Compare";
+	CHECK(s == "Test Compare");
+	CHECK(s == L"Test Compare");
+	CHECK(s == String("Test Compare"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (not equal)") {
+	String s = "Test Compare";
+	CHECK(s != "Peanut");
+	CHECK(s != L"Coconut");
+	CHECK(s != String("Butter"));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Comparisons (operator <)") {
+	String s = "Bees";
+	CHECK(s < "Elephant");
+	CHECK(!(s < L"Amber"));
+	CHECK(!(s < String("Beatrix")));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Concatenation") {
+	String s;
+
+	s += "Have";
+	s += ' ';
+	s += 'a';
+	s += String(" ");
+	s = s + L"Nice";
+	s = s + " ";
+	s = s + String("Day");
+
+	CHECK(s == "Have a Nice Day");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Testing size and length of string") {
+	// todo: expand this test to do more tests on size() as it is complicated under the hood.
+	CHECK(String("Mellon").size() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon1").size() == 8);
+
+	// length works fine and is easier to test
+	CHECK(String("Mellon").length() == 6);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon1").length() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon2").length() == 7);
+	CHECK(String("Mellon3").length() == 7);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Testing for empty string") {
+	CHECK(!String("Mellon").empty());
+	// do this more than once, to check for string corruption
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+	CHECK(String("").empty());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Operator []") {
+	String a = "Kugar Sane";
+	a[0] = 'S';
+	a[6] = 'C';
+	CHECK(a == "Sugar Cane");
+	CHECK(a[1] == 'u');
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Case function test") {
+	String a = "MoMoNgA";
+
+	CHECK(a.to_upper() == "MOMONGA");
+	CHECK(a.nocasecmp_to("momonga") == 0);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] UTF8") {
+	/* how can i embed UTF in here? */
+	static const CharType ustr[] = { 0x304A, 0x360F, 0x3088, 0x3046, 0 };
+	//static const wchar_t ustr[] = { 'P', 0xCE, 'p',0xD3, 0 };
+	String s = ustr;
+	s.parse_utf8(s.utf8().get_data());
+	CHECK(s == ustr);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] ASCII") {
+	String s = L"Primero Leche";
+	String t = s.ascii().get_data();
+	CHECK(s == t);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Substr") {
+	String s = "Killer Baby";
+	CHECK(s.substr(3, 4) == "ler ");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[string] Find") {
+	String s = "Pretty Woman";
+	s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck");
+
+	CHECK(s.find("tty") == 3);
+	CHECK(s.find("Revenge of the Monster Truck") == -1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] find no case") {
+	String s = "Pretty Whale";
+	CHECK(s.findn("WHA") == 7);
+	CHECK(s.findn("Revenge of the Monster SawFish") == -1);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Find and replace") {
+	String s = "Happy Birthday, Anna!";
+	s = s.replace("Birthday", "Halloween");
+	CHECK(s == "Happy Halloween, Anna!");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Insertion") {
+	String s = "Who is Frederic?";
+	s = s.insert(s.find("?"), " Chopin");
+	CHECK(s == "Who is Frederic Chopin?");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Number to string") {
+	CHECK(String::num(3.141593) == "3.141593");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] String to integer") {
+	static const char *nums[4] = { "1237461283", "- 22", "0", " - 1123412" };
+	static const int num[4] = { 1237461283, -22, 0, -1123412 };
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		CHECK(String(nums[i]).to_int() == num[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] String to float") {
+	static const char *nums[4] = { "-12348298412.2", "0.05", "2.0002", " -0.0001" };
+	static const double num[4] = { -12348298412.2, 0.05, 2.0002, -0.0001 };
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		CHECK(!(ABS(String(nums[i]).to_double() - num[i]) > 0.00001));
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Slicing") {
+	String s = "Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus";
+
+	const char *slices[4] = { "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus" };
+	for (int i = 0; i < s.get_slice_count(","); i++) {
+		CHECK(s.get_slice(",", i) == slices[i]);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Erasing") {
+	String s = "Josephine is such a cute girl!";
+	s.erase(s.find("cute "), String("cute ").length());
+	CHECK(s == "Josephine is such a girl!");
+}
+
+#ifdef MODULE_REGEX_ENABLED
+TEST_CASE("[String] Regex substitution") {
+	String s = "Double all the vowels.";
+	RegEx re("(?<vowel>[aeiou])");
+	s = re.sub(s, "$0$vowel", true);
+	CHECK(s == "Doouublee aall thee vooweels.");
+}
 #endif
+
+struct test_27_data {
+	char const *data;
+	char const *begin;
+	bool expected;
+};
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Begins with") {
+	test_27_data tc[] = {
+		{ "res://foobar", "res://", true },
+		{ "res", "res://", false },
+		{ "abc", "abc", true }
+	};
+	size_t count = sizeof(tc) / sizeof(tc[0]);
+	bool state = true;
+	for (size_t i = 0; state && i < count; ++i) {
+		String s = tc[i].data;
+		state = s.begins_with(tc[i].begin) == tc[i].expected;
+		if (state) {
+			String sb = tc[i].begin;
+			state = s.begins_with(sb) == tc[i].expected;
+		}
+		CHECK(state);
+		if (!state) {
+			break;
+		}
+	};
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] sprintf") {
+	String format, output;
+	Array args;
+	bool error;
+
+	// %%
+	format = "fish %% frog";
+	args.clear();
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish % frog"));
+	//////// INTS
+
+	// Int
+	format = "fish %d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 5 frog"));
+
+	// Int left padded with zeroes.
+	format = "fish %05d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 00005 frog"));
+
+	// Int left padded with spaces.
+	format = "fish %5d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     5 frog"));
+
+	// Int right padded with spaces.
+	format = "fish %-5d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 5     frog"));
+
+	// Int with sign (positive).
+	format = "fish %+d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish +5 frog"));
+
+	// Negative int.
+	format = "fish %d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(-5);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish -5 frog"));
+
+	// Hex (lower)
+	format = "fish %x frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(45);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 2d frog"));
+
+	// Hex (upper)
+	format = "fish %X frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(45);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 2D frog"));
+
+	// Octal
+	format = "fish %o frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 143 frog"));
+
+	////// REALS
+
+	// Real
+	format = "fish %f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real left-padded
+	format = "fish %11f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish   99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real right-padded
+	format = "fish %-11f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000   frog"));
+
+	// Real given int.
+	format = "fish %f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.000000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with sign (positive).
+	format = "fish %+f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish +99.990000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with 1 decimals.
+	format = "fish %.1f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 100.0 frog"));
+
+	// Real with 12 decimals.
+	format = "fish %.12f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 99.990000000000 frog"));
+
+	// Real with no decimals.
+	format = "fish %.f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish 100 frog"));
+
+	/////// Strings.
+
+	// String
+	format = "fish %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish cheese frog"));
+
+	// String left-padded
+	format = "fish %10s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     cheese frog"));
+
+	// String right-padded
+	format = "fish %-10s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish cheese     frog"));
+
+	///// Characters
+
+	// Character as string.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("A");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish A frog"));
+
+	// Character as int.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(65);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish A frog"));
+
+	///// Dynamic width
+
+	// String dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	REQUIRE(output == String("fish     cheese frog"));
+
+	// Int dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*d frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back(99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	REQUIRE(output == String("fish         99 frog"));
+
+	// Float dynamic width
+	format = "fish %*.*f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(10);
+	args.push_back(3);
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error == false);
+	CHECK(output == String("fish     99.990 frog"));
+
+	///// Errors
+
+	// More formats than arguments.
+	format = "fish %s %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "not enough arguments for format string");
+
+	// More arguments than formats.
+	format = "fish %s frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("hello");
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "not all arguments converted during string formatting");
+
+	// Incomplete format.
+	format = "fish %10";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "incomplete format");
+
+	// Bad character in format string
+	format = "fish %&f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "unsupported format character");
+
+	// Too many decimals.
+	format = "fish %2.2.2f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "too many decimal points in format");
+
+	// * not a number
+	format = "fish %*f frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("cheese");
+	args.push_back(99.99);
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "* wants number");
+
+	// Character too long.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back("sc");
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "%c requires number or single-character string");
+
+	// Character bad type.
+	format = "fish %c frog";
+	args.clear();
+	args.push_back(Array());
+	output = format.sprintf(args, &error);
+	REQUIRE(error);
+	CHECK(output == "%c requires number or single-character string");
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] IPVX address to string") {
+	IP_Address ip0("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334");
+	IP_Address ip(0x0123, 0x4567, 0x89ab, 0xcdef, true);
+	IP_Address ip2("fe80::52e5:49ff:fe93:1baf");
+	IP_Address ip3("::ffff:192.168.0.1");
+	String ip4 = "192.168.0.1";
+	CHECK(ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip4 = "192.368.0.1";
+	CHECK(!ip4.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	String ip6 = "2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85j3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8:85f345:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334";
+	CHECK(!ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "2001:0db8::0:8a2e:370:7334";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+
+	ip6 = "::ffff:192.168.0.1";
+	CHECK(ip6.is_valid_ip_address());
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Capitalize against many strings") {
+	String input = "bytes2var";
+	String output = "Bytes 2 Var";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "linear2db";
+	output = "Linear 2 Db";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "vector3";
+	output = "Vector 3";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "sha256";
+	output = "Sha 256";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "2db";
+	output = "2 Db";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "PascalCase";
+	output = "Pascal Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "PascalPascalCase";
+	output = "Pascal Pascal Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case";
+	output = "Snake Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_snake_case";
+	output = "Snake Snake Case";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "sha256sum";
+	output = "Sha 256 Sum";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "cat2dog";
+	output = "Cat 2 Dog";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "function(name)";
+	output = "Function(name)";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case_function(snake_case_arg)";
+	output = "Snake Case Function(snake Case Arg)";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+
+	input = "snake_case_function( snake_case_arg )";
+	output = "Snake Case Function( Snake Case Arg )";
+	CHECK(input.capitalize() == output);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Checking string is empty when it should be") {
+	bool state = true;
+	bool success;
+
+	String a = "";
+	success = a[0] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+	String b = "Godot";
+	success = b[b.size()] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+	const String c = "";
+	success = c[0] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+
+	const String d = "Godot";
+	success = d[d.size()] == 0;
+	if (!success) {
+		state = false;
+	}
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] lstrip and rstrip") {
+#define STRIP_TEST(x)             \
+	{                             \
+		bool success = x;         \
+		state = state && success; \
+	}
+
+	bool state = true;
+
+	// strip none
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("") == "abc");
+	// strip one
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("a") == "bc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("c") == "ab");
+	// strip lots
+	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("ab") == "ccc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("cb") == "aaa");
+	// strip empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("") == "");
+	// strip to empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("bca") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("bca") == "");
+	// don't strip wrong end
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("c") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("a") == "bca");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("a") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("a") == "abc");
+	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
+	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("µÿ")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
+
+	// the above tests repeated with additional superfluous strip chars
+
+	// strip none
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwjkl") == "abc");
+	// strip one
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwcjkl") == "ab");
+	// strip lots
+	STRIP_TEST(String("bababbababccc").lstrip("qwabjkl") == "ccc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("aaabcbcbcbbcbbc").rstrip("qwcbjkl") == "aaa");
+	// strip empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").lstrip("qwjkl") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("").rstrip("qwjkl") == "");
+	// strip to empty string
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").lstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abcabcabc").rstrip("qwbcajkl") == "");
+	// don't strip wrong end
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").lstrip("qwcjkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").lstrip("qwajkl") == "bca");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abc").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
+	STRIP_TEST(String("abca").rstrip("qwajkl") == "abc");
+	// in utf-8 "¿" (\u00bf) has the same first byte as "µ" (\u00b5)
+	// and the same second as "ÿ" (\u00ff)
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("¿").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").lstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("¿ÿ"));
+	STRIP_TEST(String::utf8("µ¿ÿ").rstrip(String::utf8("qwaµÿjkl")) == String::utf8("µ¿"));
+
+	CHECK(state);
+
+#undef STRIP_TEST
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] ensuring empty string into parse_utf8 passes empty string") {
+	String empty;
+	CHECK(empty.parse_utf8(NULL, -1));
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Cyrillic to_lower()") {
+	String upper = String::utf8("АБВГДЕЁЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯ");
+	String lower = String::utf8("абвгдеёжзийклмнопрстуфхцчшщъыьэюя");
+
+	String test = upper.to_lower();
+
+	bool state = test == lower;
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("[String] Count and countn functionality") {
+#define COUNT_TEST(x)             \
+	{                             \
+		bool success = x;         \
+		state = state && success; \
+	}
+
+	bool state = true;
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("").count("Test") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("test") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("TEST") == 0);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TEST").count("TEST") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("aTest").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Testa").count("Test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("Test") == 3);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTest").count("TestTest") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestGodotTestGodotTestGodot").count("Test") == 3);
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 8) == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 12) == 2);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4, 16) == 3);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("TestTestTestTest").count("Test", 4) == 3);
+
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("test") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("Test").countn("TEST") == 1);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-Testatest").countn("tEst") == 4);
+	COUNT_TEST(String("testTest-TeStatest").countn("tEsT", 4, 16) == 2);
+
+	CHECK(state);
+}
+} // namespace TestString
+
+#endif // TEST_STRING_H
diff --git a/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h b/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5be7d451853
--- /dev/null
+++ b/main/tests/test_validate_testing.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*************************************************************************/
+/*  test_validate_testing.h                                              */
+/*************************************************************************/
+/*                       This file is part of:                           */
+/*                           GODOT ENGINE                                */
+/*                      https://godotengine.org                          */
+/*************************************************************************/
+/* Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                 */
+/* Copyright (c) 2014-2020 Godot Engine contributors (cf. AUTHORS.md).   */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining */
+/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the       */
+/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including   */
+/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,   */
+/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to    */
+/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to */
+/* the following conditions:                                             */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be        */
+/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.       */
+/*                                                                       */
+/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,       */
+/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF    */
+/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.*/
+/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY  */
+/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,  */
+/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE     */
+/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                */
+/*************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
+#define TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
+
+#include "core/os/os.h"
+
+#include "thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h"
+
+TEST_CASE("Validate Test will always pass") {
+	CHECK(true);
+}
+
+#endif // TEST_VALIDATE_TESTING_H
diff --git a/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp b/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
index b9d217c9d21..aa5dbd51303 100644
--- a/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
+++ b/platform/iphone/godot_iphone.cpp
@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ int iphone_main(int width, int height, int argc, char **argv, String data_dir) {
 	printf("cwd %s\n", cwd);
 	os = new OSIPhone(width, height, data_dir);
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	char *fargv[64];
 	for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		fargv[i] = argv[i];
diff --git a/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp b/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
index 99672745e75..f697887f086 100644
--- a/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
+++ b/platform/javascript/javascript_main.cpp
@@ -131,6 +131,10 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	/* clang-format on */
 
 	os = new OS_JavaScript();
+
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	Main::setup(argv[0], argc - 1, &argv[1], false);
 	emscripten_set_main_loop(main_loop_callback, -1, false);
 	emscripten_pause_main_loop(); // Will need to wait for FS sync.
diff --git a/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp b/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
index 3ed64e9d464..e1796ccefef 100644
--- a/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
+++ b/platform/linuxbsd/godot_linuxbsd.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
 	setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	char *cwd = (char *)malloc(PATH_MAX);
 	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!cwd, ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
 	char *ret = getcwd(cwd, PATH_MAX);
diff --git a/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm b/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
index 93d0d6168c0..4e73d5441ce 100644
--- a/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
+++ b/platform/osx/godot_main_osx.mm
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 #if defined(VULKAN_ENABLED)
-	//MoltenVK - enable full component swizzling support
+	// MoltenVK - enable full component swizzling support
 	setenv("MVK_CONFIG_FULL_IMAGE_VIEW_SWIZZLE", "1", 1);
 #endif
 
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 	OS_OSX os;
 	Error err;
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	if (os.open_with_filename != "") {
 		char *argv_c = (char *)malloc(os.open_with_filename.utf8().size());
 		memcpy(argv_c, os.open_with_filename.utf8().get_data(), os.open_with_filename.utf8().size());
diff --git a/platform/server/godot_server.cpp b/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
index 32bd943ac35..9f22240a804 100644
--- a/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
+++ b/platform/server/godot_server.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 	OS_Server os;
 
+	// We must override main when testing is enabled
+	TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	Error err = Main::setup(argv[0], argc - 1, &argv[1]);
 	if (err != OK)
 		return 255;
diff --git a/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp b/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
index 910059a9fcd..add559a717a 100644
--- a/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
+++ b/platform/windows/godot_windows.cpp
@@ -146,6 +146,8 @@ int widechar_main(int argc, wchar_t **argv) {
 		argv_utf8[i] = wc_to_utf8(argv[i]);
 	}
 
+	TEST_MAIN_PARAM_OVERRIDE(argc, argv_utf8)
+
 	Error err = Main::setup(argv_utf8[0], argc - 1, &argv_utf8[1]);
 
 	if (err != OK) {
@@ -186,10 +188,12 @@ int _main() {
 	return result;
 }
 
-int main(int _argc, char **_argv) {
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+	// override the arguments for the test handler / if symbol is provided
+	// TEST_MAIN_OVERRIDE
+
 	// _argc and _argv are ignored
 	// we are going to use the WideChar version of them instead
-
 #ifdef CRASH_HANDLER_EXCEPTION
 	__try {
 		return _main();
diff --git a/thirdparty/README.md b/thirdparty/README.md
index 392abea85ea..f5b44d7a394 100644
--- a/thirdparty/README.md
+++ b/thirdparty/README.md
@@ -74,6 +74,14 @@ Files extracted from upstream source:
 - all .cpp, .h, and .txt files in ConvectionKernels/
 
 
+## doctest
+- Upstream: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest
+- Version: 1c8da00 (2.4.0)
+- License: MIT
+
+Extracted from .zip provided. Extracted license and header only.
+
+
 ## enet
 
 - Upstream: http://enet.bespin.org
diff --git a/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt b/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2047214680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thirdparty/doctest/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Viktor Kirilov
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h b/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..94446982860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/thirdparty/doctest/doctest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6205 @@
+// ====================================================================== lgtm [cpp/missing-header-guard]
+// == DO NOT MODIFY THIS FILE BY HAND - IT IS AUTO GENERATED BY CMAKE! ==
+// ======================================================================
+//
+// doctest.h - the lightest feature-rich C++ single-header testing framework for unit tests and TDD
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Viktor Kirilov
+//
+// Distributed under the MIT Software License
+// See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at
+// https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// The documentation can be found at the library's page:
+// https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/blob/master/doc/markdown/readme.md
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+//
+// The library is heavily influenced by Catch - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// The concept of subcases (sections in Catch) and expression decomposition are from there.
+// Some parts of the code are taken directly:
+// - stringification - the detection of "ostream& operator<<(ostream&, const T&)" and StringMaker<>
+// - the Approx() helper class for floating point comparison
+// - colors in the console
+// - breaking into a debugger
+// - signal / SEH handling
+// - timer
+// - XmlWriter class - thanks to Phil Nash for allowing the direct reuse (AKA copy/paste)
+//
+// The expression decomposing templates are taken from lest - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest
+// which uses the Boost Software License - Version 1.0
+// see here - https://github.com/martinmoene/lest/blob/master/LICENSE.txt
+//
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == VERSION ======================================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR 4
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH 0
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION_STR "2.4.0"
+
+#define DOCTEST_VERSION                                                                            \
+    (DOCTEST_VERSION_MAJOR * 10000 + DOCTEST_VERSION_MINOR * 100 + DOCTEST_VERSION_PATCH)
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER VERSION =============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// ideas for the version stuff are taken from here: https://github.com/cxxstuff/cxx_detect
+
+#define DOCTEST_COMPILER(MAJOR, MINOR, PATCH) ((MAJOR)*10000000 + (MINOR)*100000 + (PATCH))
+
+// GCC/Clang and GCC/MSVC are mutually exclusive, but Clang/MSVC are not because of clang-cl...
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_MSC_FULL_VER)
+#if _MSC_VER == _MSC_FULL_VER / 10000
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, _MSC_VER % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 10000)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_COMPILER(_MSC_VER / 100, (_MSC_FULL_VER / 100000) % 100, _MSC_FULL_VER % 100000)
+#endif // MSVC
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_minor__)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG DOCTEST_COMPILER(__clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__)
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__GNUC_MINOR__) && defined(__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__) &&              \
+        !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC DOCTEST_COMPILER(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif // GCC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#ifndef DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC 0
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS HELPERS ====================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(clang diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_CLANG
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CLANG
+
+#if DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(x) _Pragma(#x)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) DOCTEST_PRAGMA_TO_STR(GCC diagnostic ignored w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_GCC
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_GCC
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH __pragma(warning(push))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w) __pragma(warning(disable : w))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP __pragma(warning(pop))
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#else // DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(w)
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(w)
+#endif // DOCTEST_MSVC
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == COMPILER WARNINGS ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdeprecated")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wctor-dtor-privacy")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnon-virtual-dtor")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-promo")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623) // default constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtr...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+// 4548 - expression before comma has no effect; expected expression with side - effect
+// 4265 - class has virtual functions, but destructor is not virtual
+// 4986 - exception specification does not match previous declaration
+// 4350 - behavior change: 'member1' called instead of 'member2'
+// 4668 - 'x' is not defined as a preprocessor macro, replacing with '0' for '#if/#elif'
+// 4365 - conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned long', signed/unsigned mismatch
+// 4774 - format string expected in argument 'x' is not a string literal
+// 4820 - padding in structs
+
+// only 4 should be disabled globally:
+// - 4514 # unreferenced inline function has been removed
+// - 4571 # SEH related
+// - 4710 # function not inlined
+// - 4711 # function 'x' selected for automatic inline expansion
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN                                 \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4548)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4265)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4986)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4350)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4668)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4623)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5105)
+
+#define DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION ============================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// general compiler feature support table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/compiler_support
+// MSVC C++11 feature support table: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh567368.aspx
+// GCC C++11 feature support table: https://gcc.gnu.org/projects/cxx-status.html
+// MSVC version table:
+// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_C%2B%2B#Internal_version_numbering
+// MSVC++ 14.2 (16) _MSC_VER == 1920 (Visual Studio 2019)
+// MSVC++ 14.1 (15) _MSC_VER == 1910 (Visual Studio 2017)
+// MSVC++ 14.0      _MSC_VER == 1900 (Visual Studio 2015)
+// MSVC++ 12.0      _MSC_VER == 1800 (Visual Studio 2013)
+// MSVC++ 11.0      _MSC_VER == 1700 (Visual Studio 2012)
+// MSVC++ 10.0      _MSC_VER == 1600 (Visual Studio 2010)
+// MSVC++ 9.0       _MSC_VER == 1500 (Visual Studio 2008)
+// MSVC++ 8.0       _MSC_VER == 1400 (Visual Studio 2005)
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // MSVC
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__QNX__) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) &&             \
+        !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // _WIN32
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS) && defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#undef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_POSIX_SIGNALS
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#if !defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // no exceptions
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS && !DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT)
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((dllexport))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT __attribute__((dllimport))
+#endif // MSVC
+#else  // _WIN32
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#define DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_EXPORT
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE DOCTEST_SYMBOL_IMPORT
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+#define DOCTEST_INTERFACE
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENTATION_IN_DLL
+
+#define DOCTEST_EMPTY
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __declspec(noinline)
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x)
+#else // MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#define DOCTEST_UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
+#define DOCTEST_ALIGNMENT(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif // MSVC
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#define DOCTEST_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#endif // DOCTEST_NORETURN
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+#define DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#endif // DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == FEATURE DETECTION END ========================================================================
+// =================================================================================================
+
+// internal macros for string concatenation and anonymous variable name generation
+#define DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2) s1##s2
+#define DOCTEST_CAT(s1, s2) DOCTEST_CAT_IMPL(s1, s2)
+#ifdef __COUNTER__ // not standard and may be missing for some compilers
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __COUNTER__)
+#else // __COUNTER__
+#define DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(x) DOCTEST_CAT(x, __LINE__)
+#endif // __COUNTER__
+
+#define DOCTEST_TOSTR(x) #x
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x&
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+#define DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(x) x
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_ASSERTION_PARAMETERS_BY_VALUE
+
+// not using __APPLE__ because... this is how Catch does it
+#ifdef __MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#elif defined(__IPHONE_OS_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_IPHONE
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+#define DOCTEST_PLATFORM_LINUX
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM
+
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(var)                                                            \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wglobal-constructors")                              \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-variable")                                            \
+    static int var DOCTEST_UNUSED // NOLINT(fuchsia-statically-constructed-objects,cert-err58-cpp)
+#define DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+// should probably take a look at https://github.com/scottt/debugbreak
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __asm__("int $3\n" : :)
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__MINGW32__)
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wredundant-decls")
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall DebugBreak();
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ::DebugBreak()
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER() ((void)0)
+#endif // linux
+#endif // DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER
+
+// this is kept here for backwards compatibility since the config option was changed
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_IOSFWD
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <ostream>
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#if DOCTEST_CLANG
+// to detect if libc++ is being used with clang (the _LIBCPP_VERSION identifier)
+#include <ciso646>
+#endif // clang
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+#else // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace std {
+#define DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif // _LIBCPP_VERSION
+
+// Forward declaring 'X' in namespace std is not permitted by the C++ Standard.
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4643)
+
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_BEGIN // NOLINT (cert-dcl58-cpp)
+typedef decltype(nullptr) nullptr_t;
+template <class charT>
+struct char_traits;
+template <>
+struct char_traits<char>;
+template <class charT, class traits>
+class basic_ostream;
+typedef basic_ostream<char, char_traits<char>> ostream;
+template <class... Types>
+class tuple;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+template <class _Ty>
+class allocator;
+template <class _Elem, class _Traits, class _Alloc>
+class basic_string;
+using string = basic_string<char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char>>;
+#endif // VS 2019
+DOCTEST_STD_NAMESPACE_END
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_USE_STD_HEADERS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE extern bool is_running_in_test;
+
+// A 24 byte string class (can be as small as 17 for x64 and 13 for x86) that can hold strings with length
+// of up to 23 chars on the stack before going on the heap - the last byte of the buffer is used for:
+// - "is small" bit - the highest bit - if "0" then it is small - otherwise its "1" (128)
+// - if small - capacity left before going on the heap - using the lowest 5 bits
+// - if small - 2 bits are left unused - the second and third highest ones
+// - if small - acts as a null terminator if strlen() is 23 (24 including the null terminator)
+//              and the "is small" bit remains "0" ("as well as the capacity left") so its OK
+// Idea taken from this lecture about the string implementation of facebook/folly - fbstring
+// https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kPR8h4-qZdk
+// TODO:
+// - optimizations - like not deleting memory unnecessarily in operator= and etc.
+// - resize/reserve/clear
+// - substr
+// - replace
+// - back/front
+// - iterator stuff
+// - find & friends
+// - push_back/pop_back
+// - assign/insert/erase
+// - relational operators as free functions - taking const char* as one of the params
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE String
+{
+    static const unsigned len  = 24;      //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+    static const unsigned last = len - 1; //!OCLINT avoid private static members
+
+    struct view // len should be more than sizeof(view) - because of the final byte for flags
+    {
+        char*    ptr;
+        unsigned size;
+        unsigned capacity;
+    };
+
+    union
+    {
+        char buf[len];
+        view data;
+    };
+
+    bool isOnStack() const { return (buf[last] & 128) == 0; }
+    void setOnHeap();
+    void setLast(unsigned in = last);
+
+    void copy(const String& other);
+
+public:
+    String();
+    ~String();
+
+    // cppcheck-suppress noExplicitConstructor
+    String(const char* in);
+    String(const char* in, unsigned in_size);
+
+    String(const String& other);
+    String& operator=(const String& other);
+
+    String& operator+=(const String& other);
+    String  operator+(const String& other) const;
+
+    String(String&& other);
+    String& operator=(String&& other);
+
+    char  operator[](unsigned i) const;
+    char& operator[](unsigned i);
+
+    // the only functions I'm willing to leave in the interface - available for inlining
+    const char* c_str() const { return const_cast<String*>(this)->c_str(); } // NOLINT
+    char*       c_str() {
+        if(isOnStack())
+            return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf);
+        return data.ptr;
+    }
+
+    unsigned size() const;
+    unsigned capacity() const;
+
+    int compare(const char* other, bool no_case = false) const;
+    int compare(const String& other, bool no_case = false) const;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in);
+
+namespace Color {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None = 0,
+        White,
+        Red,
+        Green,
+        Blue,
+        Cyan,
+        Yellow,
+        Grey,
+
+        Bright = 0x10,
+
+        BrightRed   = Bright | Red,
+        BrightGreen = Bright | Green,
+        LightGrey   = Bright | Grey,
+        BrightWhite = Bright | White
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code);
+} // namespace Color
+
+namespace assertType {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        // macro traits
+
+        is_warn    = 1,
+        is_check   = 2 * is_warn,
+        is_require = 2 * is_check,
+
+        is_normal      = 2 * is_require,
+        is_throws      = 2 * is_normal,
+        is_throws_as   = 2 * is_throws,
+        is_throws_with = 2 * is_throws_as,
+        is_nothrow     = 2 * is_throws_with,
+
+        is_false = 2 * is_nothrow,
+        is_unary = 2 * is_false, // not checked anywhere - used just to distinguish the types
+
+        is_eq = 2 * is_unary,
+        is_ne = 2 * is_eq,
+
+        is_lt = 2 * is_ne,
+        is_gt = 2 * is_lt,
+
+        is_ge = 2 * is_gt,
+        is_le = 2 * is_ge,
+
+        // macro types
+
+        DT_WARN    = is_normal | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK   = is_normal | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE = is_normal | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS    = is_throws | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS   = is_throws | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS = is_throws | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_AS    = is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS   = is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS = is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH    = is_throws_with | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH   = is_throws_with | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH = is_throws_with | is_require,
+        
+        DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS    = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS   = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS = is_throws_with | is_throws_as | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NOTHROW    = is_nothrow | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NOTHROW   = is_nothrow | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW = is_nothrow | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_EQ    = is_normal | is_eq | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_EQ   = is_normal | is_eq | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_EQ = is_normal | is_eq | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_NE    = is_normal | is_ne | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_NE   = is_normal | is_ne | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_NE = is_normal | is_ne | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GT    = is_normal | is_gt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GT   = is_normal | is_gt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GT = is_normal | is_gt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LT    = is_normal | is_lt | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LT   = is_normal | is_lt | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LT = is_normal | is_lt | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_GE    = is_normal | is_ge | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_GE   = is_normal | is_ge | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_GE = is_normal | is_ge | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_LE    = is_normal | is_le | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_LE   = is_normal | is_le | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_LE = is_normal | is_le | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY    = is_normal | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY   = is_normal | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY = is_normal | is_unary | is_require,
+
+        DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_warn,
+        DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_check,
+        DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE = is_normal | is_false | is_unary | is_require,
+    };
+} // namespace assertType
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file);
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseData
+{
+    String      m_file;       // the file in which the test was registered
+    unsigned    m_line;       // the line where the test was registered
+    const char* m_name;       // name of the test case
+    const char* m_test_suite; // the test suite in which the test was added
+    const char* m_description;
+    bool        m_skip;
+    bool        m_may_fail;
+    bool        m_should_fail;
+    int         m_expected_failures;
+    double      m_timeout;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE AssertData
+{
+    // common - for all asserts
+    const TestCaseData* m_test_case;
+    assertType::Enum    m_at;
+    const char*         m_file;
+    int                 m_line;
+    const char*         m_expr;
+    bool                m_failed;
+
+    // exception-related - for all asserts
+    bool   m_threw;
+    String m_exception;
+
+    // for normal asserts
+    String m_decomp;
+
+    // for specific exception-related asserts
+    bool        m_threw_as;
+    const char* m_exception_type;
+    const char* m_exception_string;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageData
+{
+    String           m_string;
+    const char*      m_file;
+    int              m_line;
+    assertType::Enum m_severity;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE SubcaseSignature
+{
+    String      m_name;
+    const char* m_file;
+    int         m_line;
+
+    bool operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IContextScope
+{
+    IContextScope();
+    virtual ~IContextScope();
+    virtual void stringify(std::ostream*) const = 0;
+};
+
+struct ContextOptions //!OCLINT too many fields
+{
+    std::ostream* cout;        // stdout stream - std::cout by default
+    std::ostream* cerr;        // stderr stream - std::cerr by default
+    String        binary_name; // the test binary name
+
+    // == parameters from the command line
+    String   out;       // output filename
+    String   order_by;  // how tests should be ordered
+    unsigned rand_seed; // the seed for rand ordering
+
+    unsigned first; // the first (matching) test to be executed
+    unsigned last;  // the last (matching) test to be executed
+
+    int abort_after;           // stop tests after this many failed assertions
+    int subcase_filter_levels; // apply the subcase filters for the first N levels
+
+    bool success;              // include successful assertions in output
+    bool case_sensitive;       // if filtering should be case sensitive
+    bool exit;                 // if the program should be exited after the tests are ran/whatever
+    bool duration;             // print the time duration of each test case
+    bool no_throw;             // to skip exceptions-related assertion macros
+    bool no_exitcode;          // if the framework should return 0 as the exitcode
+    bool no_run;               // to not run the tests at all (can be done with an "*" exclude)
+    bool no_version;           // to not print the version of the framework
+    bool no_colors;            // if output to the console should be colorized
+    bool force_colors;         // forces the use of colors even when a tty cannot be detected
+    bool no_breaks;            // to not break into the debugger
+    bool no_skip;              // don't skip test cases which are marked to be skipped
+    bool gnu_file_line;        // if line numbers should be surrounded with :x: and not (x):
+    bool no_path_in_filenames; // if the path to files should be removed from the output
+    bool no_line_numbers;      // if source code line numbers should be omitted from the output
+    bool no_skipped_summary;   // don't print "skipped" in the summary !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+    bool no_time_in_output;    // omit any time/timestamps from output !!! UNDOCUMENTED !!!
+
+    bool help;             // to print the help
+    bool version;          // to print the version
+    bool count;            // if only the count of matching tests is to be retrieved
+    bool list_test_cases;  // to list all tests matching the filters
+    bool list_test_suites; // to list all suites matching the filters
+    bool list_reporters;   // lists all registered reporters
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS)
+    template <bool CONDITION, typename TYPE = void>
+    struct enable_if
+    {};
+
+    template <typename TYPE>
+    struct enable_if<true, TYPE>
+    { typedef TYPE type; };
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING) || DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference      { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&>  { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_reference<T&&> { typedef T type; };
+
+    template<class T> struct remove_const          { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T> struct remove_const<const T> { typedef T type; };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct deferred_false
+    // cppcheck-suppress unusedStructMember
+    { static const bool value = false; };
+
+    namespace has_insertion_operator_impl {
+        std::ostream &os();
+        template<class T>
+        DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) val();
+
+        template<class, class = void>
+        struct check {
+            static constexpr auto value = false;
+        };
+
+        template<class T>
+        struct check<T, decltype(os() << val<T>(), void())> {
+            static constexpr auto value = true;
+        };
+    } // namespace has_insertion_operator_impl
+
+    template<class T>
+    using has_insertion_operator = has_insertion_operator_impl::check<T>;
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE std::ostream* getTlsOss(); // returns a thread-local ostringstream
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String getTlsOssResult();
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringMakerBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T)) {
+            return "{?}";
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringMakerBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static String convert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) in) {
+            *getTlsOss() << in;
+            return getTlsOssResult();
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size);
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String rawMemoryToString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) object) {
+        return rawMemoryToString(&object, sizeof(object));
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    const char* type_to_string() {
+        return "<>";
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker : public detail::StringMakerBase<detail::has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+{};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StringMaker<T*>
+{
+    template <typename U>
+    static String convert(U* p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename R, typename C>
+struct StringMaker<R C::*>
+{
+    static String convert(R C::*p) {
+        if(p)
+            return detail::rawMemoryToString(p);
+        return "NULL";
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+String toString(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(T) value) {
+    return StringMaker<T>::convert(value);
+}
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char* in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(bool in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(float in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(double long in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char signed in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(char unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int short unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(int long long unsigned in);
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(std::nullptr_t in);
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const std::string& in);
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Approx
+{
+public:
+    explicit Approx(double value);
+
+    Approx operator()(double value) const;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit Approx(const T& value,
+                    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value>::type* =
+                            static_cast<T*>(nullptr)) {
+        *this = Approx(static_cast<double>(value));
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& epsilon(double newEpsilon);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type epsilon(
+            const T& newEpsilon) {
+        m_epsilon = static_cast<double>(newEpsilon);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif //  DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    Approx& scale(double newScale);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+    template <typename T>
+    typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, Approx&>::type scale(
+            const T& newScale) {
+        m_scale = static_cast<double>(newScale);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator==(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator!=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator<=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator>=(const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator< (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (double lhs, const Approx & rhs);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend bool operator> (const Approx & lhs, double rhs);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE friend String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+#define DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX \
+    template <typename T> friend typename detail::enable_if<std::is_constructible<double, T>::value, bool>::type
+
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return operator==(double(lhs), rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator==(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator!=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator<=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator>=(const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) || lhs == rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator< (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value < double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const T& lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return double(lhs) > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+    DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX operator> (const Approx& lhs, const T& rhs) { return lhs.m_value > double(rhs) && lhs != rhs; }
+#undef DOCTEST_APPROX_PREFIX
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_INCLUDE_TYPE_TRAITS
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+private:
+    double m_epsilon;
+    double m_scale;
+    double m_value;
+};
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE String toString(const Approx& in);
+
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE const ContextOptions* getContextOptions();
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+namespace detail {
+    // clang-format off
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array       { typedef T type; };
+    template<class T, unsigned N>   struct decay_array<T[N]> { typedef T* type; };
+    template<class T>               struct decay_array<T[]>  { typedef T* type; };
+
+    template<class T>   struct not_char_pointer              { enum { value = 1 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<char*>       { enum { value = 0 }; };
+    template<>          struct not_char_pointer<const char*> { enum { value = 0 }; };
+
+    template<class T> struct can_use_op : public not_char_pointer<typename decay_array<T>::type> {};
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestFailureException
+    {
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at);
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void throwException();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Subcase
+    {
+        SubcaseSignature m_signature;
+        bool             m_entered = false;
+
+        Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line);
+        ~Subcase();
+
+        operator bool() const;
+    };
+
+    template <typename L, typename R>
+    String stringifyBinaryExpr(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const char* op,
+                               const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        return toString(lhs) + op + toString(rhs);
+    }
+
+#define DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(op, op_str, op_macro)                              \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE Result operator op(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        bool res = op_macro(lhs, rhs);                                                             \
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_false)                                                            \
+            res = !res;                                                                            \
+        if(!res || doctest::getContextOptions()->success)                                          \
+            return Result(res, stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, op_str, rhs));                             \
+        return Result(res);                                                                        \
+    }
+
+    // more checks could be added - like in Catch:
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1480/files
+    // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/pull/1481/files
+#define DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(rt, op)                                                          \
+    template <typename R>                                                                          \
+    rt& operator op(const R&) {                                                                    \
+        static_assert(deferred_false<R>::value,                                                    \
+                      "Expression Too Complex Please Rewrite As Binary Comparison!");              \
+        return *this;                                                                              \
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE Result
+    {
+        bool   m_passed;
+        String m_decomp;
+
+        Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition = String());
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ==)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, !=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Result, |=)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-compare")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdouble-promotion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+    //DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wfloat-equal")
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+    // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39479163 what's the difference between 4018 and 4389
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4388) // signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4389) // 'operator' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4018) // 'expression' : signed/unsigned mismatch
+    //DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4805) // 'operation' : unsafe mix of type 'type' and type 'type' in operation
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    // clang-format off
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE bool
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE typename enable_if<can_use_op<L>::value || can_use_op<R>::value, bool>::type
+    inline bool eq(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) == String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ne(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) != String(rhs); }
+    inline bool lt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool gt(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >  String(rhs); }
+    inline bool le(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) <= String(rhs); }
+    inline bool ge(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) { return String(lhs) >= String(rhs); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    // clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(name, op)                                                            \
+    template <typename L, typename R>                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_COMPARISON_RETURN_TYPE name(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,                             \
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {                           \
+        return lhs op rhs;                                                                         \
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(eq, ==)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ne, !=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(lt, <)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(gt, >)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(le, <=)
+    DOCTEST_RELATIONAL_OP(ge, >=)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) l == r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) l != r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) l > r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) l < r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) l >= r
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) l <= r
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_EQ(l, r) eq(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_NE(l, r) ne(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GT(l, r) gt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LT(l, r) lt(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_GE(l, r) ge(l, r)
+#define DOCTEST_CMP_LE(l, r) le(l, r)
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+
+    template <typename L>
+    // cppcheck-suppress copyCtorAndEqOperator
+    struct Expression_lhs
+    {
+        L                lhs;
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        explicit Expression_lhs(L in, assertType::Enum at)
+                : lhs(in)
+                , m_at(at) {}
+
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE operator Result() {
+            bool res = !!lhs;
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                res = !res;
+
+            if(!res || getContextOptions()->success)
+                return Result(res, toString(lhs));
+            return Result(res);
+        }
+
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(==, " == ", DOCTEST_CMP_EQ) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(!=, " != ", DOCTEST_CMP_NE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>,  " >  ", DOCTEST_CMP_GT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<,  " <  ", DOCTEST_CMP_LT) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(>=, " >= ", DOCTEST_CMP_GE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        DOCTEST_DO_BINARY_EXPRESSION_COMPARISON(<=, " <= ", DOCTEST_CMP_LE) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        // clang-format on
+
+        // forbidding some expressions based on this table: https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &&)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ||)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, =)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, +=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, -=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, *=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, /=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, %=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, &=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, ^=)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, |=)
+        // these 2 are unfortunate because they should be allowed - they have higher precedence over the comparisons, but the
+        // ExpressionDecomposer class uses the left shift operator to capture the left operand of the binary expression...
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, <<)
+        DOCTEST_FORBIT_EXPRESSION(Expression_lhs, >>)
+    };
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_COMPARISON_WARNING_SUPPRESSION
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ExpressionDecomposer
+    {
+        assertType::Enum m_at;
+
+        ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at);
+
+        // The right operator for capturing expressions is "<=" instead of "<<" (based on the operator precedence table)
+        // but then there will be warnings from GCC about "-Wparentheses" and since "_Pragma()" is problematic this will stay for now...
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/870
+        // https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/issues/565
+        template <typename L>
+        Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)> operator<<(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) operand) {
+            return Expression_lhs<const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L)>(operand, m_at);
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestSuite
+    {
+        const char* m_test_suite;
+        const char* m_description;
+        bool        m_skip;
+        bool        m_may_fail;
+        bool        m_should_fail;
+        int         m_expected_failures;
+        double      m_timeout;
+
+        TestSuite& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestSuite& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+    typedef void (*funcType)();
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCase : public TestCaseData
+    {
+        funcType m_test; // a function pointer to the test case
+
+        const char* m_type; // for templated test cases - gets appended to the real name
+        int m_template_id; // an ID used to distinguish between the different versions of a templated test case
+        String m_full_name; // contains the name (only for templated test cases!) + the template type
+
+        TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                 const char* type = "", int template_id = -1);
+
+        TestCase(const TestCase& other);
+
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+        TestCase& operator=(const TestCase& other);
+        DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+        TestCase& operator*(const char* in);
+
+        template <typename T>
+        TestCase& operator*(const T& in) {
+            in.fill(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const TestCase& other) const;
+    };
+
+    // forward declarations of functions used by the macros
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  regTest(const TestCase& tc);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE int  setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE bool isDebuggerActive();
+
+    template<typename T>
+    int instantiationHelper(const T&) { return 0; }
+
+    namespace binaryAssertComparison {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            eq = 0,
+            ne,
+            gt,
+            lt,
+            ge,
+            le
+        };
+    } // namespace binaryAssertComparison
+
+    // clang-format off
+    template <int, class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator     { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L),     const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R)    ) const { return false;        } };
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(n, op) \
+    template <class L, class R> struct RelationalComparator<n, L, R> { bool operator()(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) const { return op(lhs, rhs); } };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(0, eq)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(1, ne)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(2, gt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(3, lt)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(4, ge)
+    DOCTEST_BINARY_RELATIONAL_OP(5, le)
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE ResultBuilder : public AssertData
+    {
+        ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                      const char* exception_type = "", const char* exception_string = "");
+
+        void setResult(const Result& res);
+
+        template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                            const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+            m_failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs);
+        }
+
+        template <typename L>
+        DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+            m_failed = !val;
+
+            if(m_at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+                m_failed = !m_failed;
+
+            if(m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)
+                m_decomp = toString(val);
+        }
+
+        void translateException();
+
+        bool log();
+        void react() const;
+    };
+
+    namespace assertAction {
+        enum Enum
+        {
+            nothing     = 0,
+            dbgbreak    = 1,
+            shouldthrow = 2
+        };
+    } // namespace assertAction
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                         const char* expr, Result result);
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(decomp)                                                        \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!is_running_in_test) {                                                                  \
+            if(failed) {                                                                           \
+                ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                            \
+                rb.m_failed = failed;                                                              \
+                rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                              \
+                failed_out_of_a_testing_context(rb);                                               \
+                if(isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks)                          \
+                    DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                 \
+                if(checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                         \
+                    throwException();                                                              \
+            }                                                                                      \
+            return;                                                                                \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(decomp)                                                            \
+    ResultBuilder rb(at, file, line, expr);                                                        \
+    rb.m_failed = failed;                                                                          \
+    if(rb.m_failed || getContextOptions()->success)                                                \
+        rb.m_decomp = decomp;                                                                      \
+    if(rb.log())                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    if(rb.m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(at))                                                      \
+    throwException()
+
+    template <int comparison, typename L, typename R>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void binary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) lhs,
+                                        const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(R) rhs) {
+        bool failed = !RelationalComparator<comparison, L, R>()(lhs, rhs);
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(stringifyBinaryExpr(lhs, ", ", rhs));
+    }
+
+    template <typename L>
+    DOCTEST_NOINLINE void unary_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line,
+                                       const char* expr, const DOCTEST_REF_WRAP(L) val) {
+        bool failed = !val;
+
+        if(at & assertType::is_false) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            failed = !failed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(toString(val));
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(toString(val));
+    }
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IExceptionTranslator
+    {
+        IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual ~IExceptionTranslator();
+        virtual bool translate(String&) const = 0;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ExceptionTranslator : public IExceptionTranslator //!OCLINT destructor of virtual class
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit ExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T))
+                : m_translateFunction(translateFunction) {}
+
+        bool translate(String& res) const override {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            try {
+                throw; // lgtm [cpp/rethrow-no-exception]
+                // cppcheck-suppress catchExceptionByValue
+            } catch(T ex) {                    // NOLINT
+                res = m_translateFunction(ex); //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            } catch(...) {} //!OCLINT -  empty catch statement
+#endif                      // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+            ((void)res);    // to silence -Wunused-parameter
+            return false;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        String (*m_translateFunction)(T);
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et);
+
+    template <bool C>
+    struct StringStreamBase
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << toString(in);
+        }
+
+        // always treat char* as a string in this context - no matter
+        // if DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING is defined
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << String(in); }
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct StringStreamBase<true>
+    {
+        template <typename T>
+        static void convert(std::ostream* s, const T& in) {
+            *s << in;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T>
+    struct StringStream : public StringStreamBase<has_insertion_operator<T>::value>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename T>
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const T& value) {
+        StringStream<T>::convert(s, value);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in);
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in);
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in);
+
+    // ContextScope base class used to allow implementing methods of ContextScope 
+    // that don't depend on the template parameter in doctest.cpp.
+    class DOCTEST_INTERFACE ContextScopeBase : public IContextScope {
+    protected:
+        ContextScopeBase();
+
+        void destroy();
+    };
+
+    template <typename L> class ContextScope : public ContextScopeBase
+    {
+        const L &lambda_;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ContextScope(const L &lambda) : lambda_(lambda) {}
+
+        ContextScope(ContextScope &&other) : lambda_(other.lambda_) {}
+
+        void stringify(std::ostream* s) const override { lambda_(s); }
+
+        ~ContextScope() override { destroy(); }
+    };
+
+    struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE MessageBuilder : public MessageData
+    {
+        std::ostream* m_stream;
+
+        MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity);
+        MessageBuilder() = delete;
+        ~MessageBuilder();
+
+        template <typename T>
+        MessageBuilder& operator<<(const T& in) {
+            toStream(m_stream, in);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        bool log();
+        void react();
+    };
+    
+    template <typename L>
+    ContextScope<L> MakeContextScope(const L &lambda) {
+        return ContextScope<L>(lambda);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(name, type, def)                                                  \
+    struct name                                                                                    \
+    {                                                                                              \
+        type data;                                                                                 \
+        name(type in = def)                                                                        \
+                : data(in) {}                                                                      \
+        void fill(detail::TestCase& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }           \
+        void fill(detail::TestSuite& state) const { state.DOCTEST_CAT(m_, name) = data; }          \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(test_suite, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(description, const char*, "");
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(skip, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(timeout, double, 0);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(may_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(should_fail, bool, true);
+DOCTEST_DEFINE_DECORATOR(expected_failures, int, 0);
+
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*translateFunction)(T)) {
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+    static detail::ExceptionTranslator<T> exceptionTranslator(translateFunction);
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    detail::registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(&exceptionTranslator);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// in a separate namespace outside of doctest because the DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE macro
+// introduces an anonymous namespace in which getCurrentTestSuite gets overridden
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+DOCTEST_INTERFACE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite();
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+template <typename T>
+int registerExceptionTranslator(String (*)(T)) {
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef void (*assert_handler)(const AssertData&);
+    struct ContextState;
+} // namespace detail
+
+class DOCTEST_INTERFACE Context
+{
+    detail::ContextState* p;
+
+    void parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults = false);
+
+public:
+    explicit Context(int argc = 0, const char* const* argv = nullptr);
+
+    ~Context();
+
+    void applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv);
+
+    void addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value);
+    void clearFilters();
+    void setOption(const char* option, int value);
+    void setOption(const char* option, const char* value);
+
+    bool shouldExit();
+
+    void setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases();
+
+    void setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah);
+
+    int run();
+};
+
+namespace TestCaseFailureReason {
+    enum Enum
+    {
+        None                     = 0,
+        AssertFailure            = 1,   // an assertion has failed in the test case
+        Exception                = 2,   // test case threw an exception
+        Crash                    = 4,   // a crash...
+        TooManyFailedAsserts     = 8,   // the abort-after option
+        Timeout                  = 16,  // see the timeout decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt = 32,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        ShouldHaveFailedAndDid   = 64,  // see the should_fail decorator
+        DidntFailExactlyNumTimes = 128, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        FailedExactlyNumTimes    = 256, // see the expected_failures decorator
+        CouldHaveFailedAndDid    = 512  // see the may_fail decorator
+    };
+} // namespace TestCaseFailureReason
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE CurrentTestCaseStats
+{
+    int    numAssertsCurrentTest;
+    int    numAssertsFailedCurrentTest;
+    double seconds;
+    int    failure_flags; // use TestCaseFailureReason::Enum
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestCaseException
+{
+    String error_string;
+    bool   is_crash;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE TestRunStats
+{
+    unsigned numTestCases;
+    unsigned numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestSuitesPassingFilters;
+    unsigned numTestCasesFailed;
+    int      numAsserts;
+    int      numAssertsFailed;
+};
+
+struct QueryData
+{
+    const TestRunStats*  run_stats = nullptr;
+    const TestCaseData** data      = nullptr;
+    unsigned             num_data  = 0;
+};
+
+struct DOCTEST_INTERFACE IReporter
+{
+    // The constructor has to accept "const ContextOptions&" as a single argument
+    // which has most of the options for the run + a pointer to the stdout stream
+    // Reporter(const ContextOptions& in)
+
+    // called when a query should be reported (listing test cases, printing the version, etc.)
+    virtual void report_query(const QueryData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when the whole test run starts
+    virtual void test_run_start() = 0;
+    // called when the whole test run ends (caching a pointer to the input doesn't make sense here)
+    virtual void test_run_end(const TestRunStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is started (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_start(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case is reentered because of unfinished subcases (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+    // called when a test case has ended
+    virtual void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) = 0;
+
+    // called when an exception is thrown from the test case (or it crashes)
+    virtual void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException&) = 0;
+
+    // called whenever a subcase is entered (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature&) = 0;
+    // called whenever a subcase is exited (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void subcase_end() = 0;
+
+    // called for each assert (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_assert(const AssertData&) = 0;
+    // called for each message (don't cache pointers to the input)
+    virtual void log_message(const MessageData&) = 0;
+
+    // called when a test case is skipped either because it doesn't pass the filters, has a skip decorator
+    // or isn't in the execution range (between first and last) (safe to cache a pointer to the input)
+    virtual void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) = 0;
+
+    // doctest will not be managing the lifetimes of reporters given to it but this would still be nice to have
+    virtual ~IReporter();
+
+    // can obtain all currently active contexts and stringify them if one wishes to do so
+    static int                         get_num_active_contexts();
+    static const IContextScope* const* get_active_contexts();
+
+    // can iterate through contexts which have been stringified automatically in their destructors when an exception has been thrown
+    static int           get_num_stringified_contexts();
+    static const String* get_stringified_contexts();
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+    typedef IReporter* (*reporterCreatorFunc)(const ContextOptions&);
+
+    DOCTEST_INTERFACE void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int prio, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter);
+
+    template <typename Reporter>
+    IReporter* reporterCreator(const ContextOptions& o) {
+        return new Reporter(o);
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Reporter>
+int registerReporter(const char* name, int priority, bool isReporter) {
+    detail::registerReporterImpl(name, priority, detail::reporterCreator<Reporter>, isReporter);
+    return 0;
+}
+} // namespace doctest
+
+// if registering is not disabled
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// common code in asserts - for convenience
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(b)                                                            \
+    if(b.log())                                                                                    \
+        DOCTEST_BREAK_INTO_DEBUGGER();                                                             \
+    b.react()
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x) x;
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+#define DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(x)                                                                     \
+    try {                                                                                          \
+        x;                                                                                         \
+    } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_TRY_CATCH_IN_ASSERTS
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...)                                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wuseless-cast")                                       \
+    static_cast<void>(__VA_ARGS__);                                                                \
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+#define DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(...) __VA_ARGS__;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_VOID_CAST_EXPRESSIONS
+
+// registers the test by initializing a dummy var with a function
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(global_prefix, f, decorators)                                    \
+    global_prefix DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =              \
+            doctest::detail::regTest(                                                              \
+                    doctest::detail::TestCase(                                                     \
+                            f, __FILE__, __LINE__,                                                 \
+                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite()) *                 \
+                    decorators);                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, decorators)                                     \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            void f();                                                                              \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        static void func() {                                                                       \
+            der v;                                                                                 \
+            v.f();                                                                                 \
+        }                                                                                          \
+        DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, func, decorators)                                 \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    inline DOCTEST_NOINLINE void der::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f();                                                                               \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_EMPTY, f, decorators)                                        \
+    static void f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(f, proxy, decorators)                        \
+    static doctest::detail::funcType proxy() { return f; }                                         \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_FUNCTION(inline const, proxy(), decorators)                                   \
+    static void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(decorators)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for registering tests in classes - requires C++17 for inline variables!
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L || (DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 12, 0) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(decorators)                                                        \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION_IN_CLASS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_),          \
+                                                  DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_PROXY_),         \
+                                                  decorators)
+#else // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(...)                                                               \
+    TEST_CASES_CAN_BE_REGISTERED_IN_CLASSES_ONLY_IN_CPP17_MODE_OR_WITH_VS_2017_OR_NEWER
+#endif // DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(c, decorators)                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), c,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), decorators)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)                                                           \
+    template <>                                                                                    \
+    inline const char* type_to_string<__VA_ARGS__>() {                                             \
+        return "<" #__VA_ARGS__ ">";                                                               \
+    }
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...)                                                                \
+    namespace doctest { namespace detail {                                                         \
+            DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__)                                               \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, iter, func)                                 \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func();                                                                            \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename Tuple>                                                                  \
+        struct iter;                                                                               \
+        template <typename Type, typename... Rest>                                                 \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<Type, Rest...>>                                                     \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char* file, unsigned line, int index) {                                     \
+                doctest::detail::regTest(doctest::detail::TestCase(func<Type>, file, line,         \
+                                            doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite(),   \
+                                            doctest::detail::type_to_string<Type>(),               \
+                                            int(line) * 1000 + index)                              \
+                                         * dec);                                                   \
+                iter<std::tuple<Rest...>>(file, line, index + 1);                                  \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        };                                                                                         \
+        template <>                                                                                \
+        struct iter<std::tuple<>>                                                                  \
+        {                                                                                          \
+            iter(const char*, unsigned, int) {}                                                    \
+        };                                                                                         \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void func()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(dec, T, id)                                              \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR),                      \
+                                           DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_))
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, anon, ...)                                 \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_CAT(anon, DUMMY)) =                                         \
+        doctest::detail::instantiationHelper(DOCTEST_CAT(id, ITERATOR)<__VA_ARGS__>(__FILE__, __LINE__, 0));\
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(id, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__) \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, anon, ...)                                         \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_CAT(anon, ITERATOR), anon);             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE_IMPL(anon, anon, std::tuple<__VA_ARGS__>)               \
+    template <typename T>                                                                          \
+    static void anon()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(dec, T, ...)                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_IMPL(dec, T, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)                                                                      \
+    if(const doctest::detail::Subcase & DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUBCASE_) DOCTEST_UNUSED = \
+               doctest::detail::Subcase(name, __FILE__, __LINE__))
+
+// for grouping tests in test suites by using code blocks
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, ns_name)                                               \
+    namespace ns_name { namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {                                   \
+            static DOCTEST_NOINLINE doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {            \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4640)                                      \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wexit-time-destructors")                \
+                static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;                                            \
+                static bool                       inited = false;                                  \
+                DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                 \
+                if(!inited) {                                                                      \
+                    data* decorators;                                                              \
+                    inited = true;                                                                 \
+                }                                                                                  \
+                return data;                                                                       \
+            }                                                                                      \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    namespace ns_name
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(decorators)                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_IMPL(decorators, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_SUITE_))
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(decorators)                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * decorators);              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END                                                                     \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_VAR_)) =                            \
+            doctest::detail::setTestSuite(doctest::detail::TestSuite() * "");                      \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering exception translators
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(translatorName, signature)                      \
+    inline doctest::String translatorName(signature);                                              \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)) =                     \
+            doctest::registerExceptionTranslator(translatorName);                                  \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END()                                                               \
+    doctest::String translatorName(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_),       \
+                                               signature)
+
+// for registering reporters
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, true);                             \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for registering listeners
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)                                        \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_REPORTER_)) =                       \
+            doctest::registerReporter<reporter>(name, priority, false);                            \
+    DOCTEST_GLOBAL_NO_WARNINGS_END() typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for logging
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(expression)                                                                   \
+    DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_),  \
+                      DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_), expression)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO_IMPL(lambda_name, mb_name, s_name, expression)                                \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4626)                                                  \
+    auto lambda_name = [&](std::ostream* s_name) {                                                 \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb_name(__FILE__, __LINE__, doctest::assertType::is_warn); \
+        mb_name.m_stream = s_name;                                                                 \
+        mb_name << expression;                                                                     \
+    };                                                                                             \
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP                                                              \
+    auto DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_CAPTURE_) = doctest::detail::MakeContextScope(lambda_name)
+
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) DOCTEST_INFO(#x " := " << x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(type, file, line, mb, x)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::MessageBuilder mb(file, line, doctest::assertType::type);                 \
+        mb << x;                                                                                   \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(mb);                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_warn, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_check, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) DOCTEST_ADD_AT_IMPL(is_require, file, line, DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_MESSAGE_), x)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(__FILE__, __LINE__, x)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE(...) __VA_ARGS__ // Not removed to keep backwards compatibility.
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,         \
+                                               __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                            \
+    DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.setResult(                                                     \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+            << __VA_ARGS__))                                                                       \
+    DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB)                                                      \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(assert_type, __VA_ARGS__);                                      \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+// necessary for <ASSERT>_MESSAGE
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2 DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(assert_type, ...)                                               \
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Woverloaded-shift-op-parentheses")                  \
+    doctest::detail::decomp_assert(                                                                \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__,                    \
+            doctest::detail::ExpressionDecomposer(doctest::assertType::assert_type)                \
+                    << __VA_ARGS__) DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_WARN_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_CHECK_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_1(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_WARN_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_CHECK_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_ASSERT_IMPLEMENT_2(DT_REQUIRE_FALSE, cond); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, assert_type, message, ...)                                  \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, #expr, #__VA_ARGS__, message);    \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(const doctest::detail::remove_const<                                           \
+                    doctest::detail::remove_reference<__VA_ARGS__>::type>::type&) {                \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.translateException();                                                  \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.m_threw_as = true;                                                     \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, expr_str, assert_type, ...)                               \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        if(!doctest::getContextOptions()->no_throw) {                                              \
+            doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, \
+                                                       __LINE__, expr_str, "", __VA_ARGS__);       \
+            try {                                                                                  \
+                DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(expr)                                                         \
+            } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                     \
+            DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                             \
+        }                                                                                          \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(assert_type, ...)                                                   \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        try {                                                                                      \
+            DOCTEST_CAST_TO_VOID(__VA_ARGS__)                                                      \
+        } catch(...) { _DOCTEST_RB.translateException(); }                                         \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_WARN_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_CHECK_THROWS, "")
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH((__VA_ARGS__), #__VA_ARGS__, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS, "")
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS, "", __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_WITH(expr, #expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, message, ...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_THROWS_AS(expr, DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS, message, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_WARN_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_CHECK_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) DOCTEST_ASSERT_NOTHROW(DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, with); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ex); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) do { DOCTEST_INFO(msg); DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(expr); } while(false)
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comp, ...)                                              \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(                                                                       \
+                _DOCTEST_RB.binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comp>(          \
+                        __VA_ARGS__))                                                              \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    do {                                                                                           \
+        doctest::detail::ResultBuilder _DOCTEST_RB(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__,     \
+                                                   __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__);                        \
+        DOCTEST_WRAP_IN_TRY(_DOCTEST_RB.unary_assert(__VA_ARGS__))                                 \
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_LOG_AND_REACT(_DOCTEST_RB);                                                 \
+    } while(false)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(assert_type, comparison, ...)                                        \
+    doctest::detail::binary_assert<doctest::detail::binaryAssertComparison::comparison>(           \
+            doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__, #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(assert_type, ...)                                                     \
+    doctest::detail::unary_assert(doctest::assertType::assert_type, __FILE__, __LINE__,            \
+                                  #__VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_EQ, eq, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_NE, ne, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GT, gt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LT, lt, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_GE, ge, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) DOCTEST_BINARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_LE, le, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) DOCTEST_UNARY_ASSERT(DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#undef DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS_BUT_WITH_ALL_ASSERTS
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// == WHAT FOLLOWS IS VERSIONS OF THE MACROS THAT DO NOT DO ANY REGISTERING!                      ==
+// == THIS CAN BE ENABLED BY DEFINING DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE GLOBALLY!                            ==
+// =================================================================================================
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#define DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(der, base, func, name)                                           \
+    namespace {                                                                                    \
+        template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                           \
+        struct der : public base                                                                   \
+        { void f(); };                                                                             \
+    }                                                                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    inline void der<DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>::f()
+
+#define DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(f, name)                                              \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline void f()
+
+// for registering tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE(name)                                                                    \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests in classes
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS(name)                                                              \
+    DOCTEST_CREATE_AND_REGISTER_FUNCTION(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for registering tests with a fixture
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE(x, name)                                                         \
+    DOCTEST_IMPLEMENT_FIXTURE(DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_CLASS_), x,                          \
+                              DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FUNC_), name)
+
+// for converting types to strings without the <typeinfo> header and demangling
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING(...) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+#define DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(...)
+
+// for typed tests
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(name, type, ...)                                                \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, type, id)                                          \
+    template <typename type>                                                                       \
+    inline void DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TMP_)()
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE(id, ...)                                                 \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY(id, ...)                                                  \
+    typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for subcases
+#define DOCTEST_SUBCASE(name)
+
+// for a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE(name) namespace
+
+// for starting a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN(name) typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+// for ending a testsuite block
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END typedef int DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_FOR_SEMICOLON_)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR(signature)                                           \
+    template <typename DOCTEST_UNUSED_TEMPLATE_TYPE>                                               \
+    static inline doctest::String DOCTEST_ANONYMOUS(_DOCTEST_ANON_TRANSLATOR_)(signature)
+
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER(name, priority, reporter)
+#define DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER(name, priority, reporter)
+
+#define DOCTEST_INFO(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CAPTURE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT(file, line, x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_MESSAGE(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK(x) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_FAIL(x) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE(cond, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH(expr, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS(expr, with, ...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE(expr, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE(expr, with, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE(expr, with, ex, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE(expr, msg) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_LE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+#define DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE(...) ((void)0)
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+// clang-format off
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY - FORWARDING TO THE RIGHT MACROS
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ             DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ            DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE             DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE            DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT             DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT            DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT             DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT            DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE             DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE            DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE             DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE            DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE          DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY          DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY         DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY       DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE    DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE   DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+// clang-format on
+
+// BDD style macros
+// clang-format off
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS(name) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS("  Scenario: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE(name, T, ...)  DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("  Scenario: " name, T, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE(name, T, id) DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE("  Scenario: " name, T, id)
+
+#define DOCTEST_GIVEN(name)     DOCTEST_SUBCASE("   Given: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_WHEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    When: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_WHEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("And when: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_THEN(name)      DOCTEST_SUBCASE("    Then: " name)
+#define DOCTEST_AND_THEN(name)  DOCTEST_SUBCASE("     And: " name)
+// clang-format on
+
+// == SHORT VERSIONS OF THE MACROS
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES)
+
+#define TEST_CASE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE
+#define TEST_CASE_CLASS DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_CLASS
+#define TEST_CASE_FIXTURE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_FIXTURE
+#define TYPE_TO_STRING DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INVOKE
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_APPLY
+#define SUBCASE DOCTEST_SUBCASE
+#define TEST_SUITE DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE
+#define TEST_SUITE_BEGIN DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_BEGIN
+#define TEST_SUITE_END DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END
+#define REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR DOCTEST_REGISTER_EXCEPTION_TRANSLATOR
+#define REGISTER_REPORTER DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER
+#define REGISTER_LISTENER DOCTEST_REGISTER_LISTENER
+#define INFO DOCTEST_INFO
+#define CAPTURE DOCTEST_CAPTURE
+#define ADD_MESSAGE_AT DOCTEST_ADD_MESSAGE_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_CHECK_AT
+#define ADD_FAIL_AT DOCTEST_ADD_FAIL_AT
+#define MESSAGE DOCTEST_MESSAGE
+#define FAIL_CHECK DOCTEST_FAIL_CHECK
+#define FAIL DOCTEST_FAIL
+#define TO_LVALUE DOCTEST_TO_LVALUE
+
+#define WARN DOCTEST_WARN
+#define WARN_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE
+#define WARN_THROWS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define WARN_NOTHROW DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW
+#define CHECK DOCTEST_CHECK
+#define CHECK_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE
+#define CHECK_THROWS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW
+#define REQUIRE DOCTEST_REQUIRE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW
+
+#define WARN_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_WARN_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_CHECK_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_FALSE_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS_MESSAGE
+#define REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NOTHROW_MESSAGE
+
+#define SCENARIO DOCTEST_SCENARIO
+#define SCENARIO_CLASS DOCTEST_SCENARIO_CLASS
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE
+#define SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE DOCTEST_SCENARIO_TEMPLATE_DEFINE
+#define GIVEN DOCTEST_GIVEN
+#define WHEN DOCTEST_WHEN
+#define AND_WHEN DOCTEST_AND_WHEN
+#define THEN DOCTEST_THEN
+#define AND_THEN DOCTEST_AND_THEN
+
+#define WARN_EQ DOCTEST_WARN_EQ
+#define CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_CHECK_EQ
+#define REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define WARN_NE DOCTEST_WARN_NE
+#define CHECK_NE DOCTEST_CHECK_NE
+#define REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define WARN_GT DOCTEST_WARN_GT
+#define CHECK_GT DOCTEST_CHECK_GT
+#define REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define WARN_LT DOCTEST_WARN_LT
+#define CHECK_LT DOCTEST_CHECK_LT
+#define REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define WARN_GE DOCTEST_WARN_GE
+#define CHECK_GE DOCTEST_CHECK_GE
+#define REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define WARN_LE DOCTEST_WARN_LE
+#define CHECK_LE DOCTEST_CHECK_LE
+#define REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_LE
+#define WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY
+#define CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+// KEPT FOR BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
+#define FAST_WARN_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_EQ
+#define FAST_CHECK_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_EQ
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_EQ DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_EQ
+#define FAST_WARN_NE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_NE
+#define FAST_CHECK_NE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_NE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_NE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_NE
+#define FAST_WARN_GT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GT
+#define FAST_CHECK_GT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GT
+#define FAST_WARN_LT DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LT
+#define FAST_CHECK_LT DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LT
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LT DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LT
+#define FAST_WARN_GE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_GE
+#define FAST_CHECK_GE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_GE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_GE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_GE
+#define FAST_WARN_LE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_LE
+#define FAST_CHECK_LE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_LE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_LE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_LE
+
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY
+#define FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_WARN_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE
+#define FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE DOCTEST_FAST_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE
+
+#define TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE DOCTEST_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATE
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_SHORT_MACRO_NAMES
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE)
+
+// this is here to clear the 'current test suite' for the current translation unit - at the top
+DOCTEST_TEST_SUITE_END();
+
+// add stringification for primitive/fundamental types
+namespace doctest { namespace detail {
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(bool)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(float)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long double)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(signed char)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned char)
+#if !DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(wchar_t)
+#endif // not MSVC or wchar_t support enabled
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned short int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(long long int)
+    DOCTEST_TYPE_TO_STRING_IMPL(unsigned long long int)
+}} // namespace doctest::detail
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_INCLUDED
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#define DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT) || !defined(DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER)
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+#include "doctest_fwd.h"
+#endif // DOCTEST_SINGLE_HEADER
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wunused-macros")
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#define DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpadded")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wweak-vtables")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wglobal-constructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wexit-time-destructors")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-prototypes")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wshorten-64-to-32")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-variable-declarations")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wcovered-switch-default")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-noreturn")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedef")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wdisabled-macro-expansion")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wc++98-compat-pedantic")
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-member-function")
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunknown-pragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wpragmas")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wconversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Weffc++")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsign-conversion")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-overflow")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wstrict-aliasing")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-field-initializers")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-braces")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmissing-declarations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-enum")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wswitch-default")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunsafe-loop-optimizations")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wold-style-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-local-typedefs")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wuseless-cast")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wunused-function")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wmultiple-inheritance")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wnoexcept")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING("-Wsuggest-attribute")
+
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4616) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4619) // invalid compiler warning
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4996) // The compiler encountered a deprecated declaration
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4267) // 'var' : conversion from 'x' to 'y', possible loss of data
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4706) // assignment within conditional expression
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4512) // 'class' : assignment operator could not be generated
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4530) // C++ exception handler used, but unwind semantics not enabled
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4577) // 'noexcept' used with no exception handling mode specified
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4774) // format string expected in argument is not a string literal
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4365) // conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned', signed/unsigned mismatch
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4820) // padding in structs
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4640) // construction of local static object is not thread-safe
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5039) // pointer to potentially throwing function passed to extern C
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5045) // Spectre mitigation stuff
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4626) // assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5027) // move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(5026) // move constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4625) // copy constructor was implicitly defined as deleted
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4800) // forcing value to bool 'true' or 'false' (performance warning)
+// static analysis
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26439) // This kind of function may not throw. Declare it 'noexcept'
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26495) // Always initialize a member variable
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26451) // Arithmetic overflow ...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26444) // Avoid unnamed objects with custom construction and dtor...
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26812) // Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum'
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_BEGIN
+
+// required includes - will go only in one translation unit!
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <climits>
+// borland (Embarcadero) compiler requires math.h and not cmath - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/pull/37
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#include <math.h>
+#endif // __BORLANDC__
+#include <new>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <exception>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <csignal>
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#include <cfloat>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// defines for a leaner windows.h
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif // WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
+
+// not sure what AfxWin.h is for - here I do what Catch does
+#ifdef __AFXDLL
+#include <AfxWin.h>
+#else
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+#include <windows.h>
+#else // MINGW
+#include <Windows.h>
+#endif // MINGW
+#endif
+#include <io.h>
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+// this is a fix for https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/348
+// https://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/2012-January/msg00000.html
+#if !defined(HAVE_UNISTD_H) && !defined(STDOUT_FILENO)
+#define STDOUT_FILENO fileno(stdout)
+#endif // HAVE_UNISTD_H
+
+DOCTEST_MAKE_STD_HEADERS_CLEAN_FROM_WARNINGS_ON_WALL_END
+
+// counts the number of elements in a C array
+#define DOCTEST_COUNTOF(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_disabled
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+#define DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(if_disabled, if_not_disabled) if_not_disabled
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "dt-"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL
+#define DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL thread_local
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX
+#else
+#define DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY ""
+#endif
+
+namespace doctest {
+
+bool is_running_in_test = false;
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // case insensitive strcmp
+    int stricmp(const char* a, const char* b) {
+        for(;; a++, b++) {
+            const int d = tolower(*a) - tolower(*b);
+            if(d != 0 || !*a)
+                return d;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    String fpToString(T value, int precision) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << std::setprecision(precision) << std::fixed << value;
+        std::string d = oss.str();
+        size_t      i = d.find_last_not_of('0');
+        if(i != std::string::npos && i != d.size() - 1) {
+            if(d[i] == '.')
+                i++;
+            d = d.substr(0, i + 1);
+        }
+        return d.c_str();
+    }
+
+    struct Endianness
+    {
+        enum Arch
+        {
+            Big,
+            Little
+        };
+
+        static Arch which() {
+            int x = 1;
+            // casting any data pointer to char* is allowed
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<char*>(&x);
+            if(*ptr)
+                return Little;
+            return Big;
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    void my_memcpy(void* dest, const void* src, unsigned num) { memcpy(dest, src, num); }
+
+    String rawMemoryToString(const void* object, unsigned size) {
+        // Reverse order for little endian architectures
+        int i = 0, end = static_cast<int>(size), inc = 1;
+        if(Endianness::which() == Endianness::Little) {
+            i   = end - 1;
+            end = inc = -1;
+        }
+
+        unsigned const char* bytes = static_cast<unsigned const char*>(object);
+        std::ostringstream   oss;
+        oss << "0x" << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
+        for(; i != end; i += inc)
+            oss << std::setw(2) << static_cast<unsigned>(bytes[i]);
+        return oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream g_oss; // NOLINT(cert-err58-cpp)
+
+    std::ostream* getTlsOss() {
+        g_oss.clear(); // there shouldn't be anything worth clearing in the flags
+        g_oss.str(""); // the slow way of resetting a string stream
+        //g_oss.seekp(0); // optimal reset - as seen here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return &g_oss;
+    }
+
+    String getTlsOssResult() {
+        //g_oss << std::ends; // needed - as shown here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/624291/3162383
+        return g_oss.str().c_str();
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+namespace timer_large_integer
+{
+    
+#if defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    typedef ULONGLONG type;
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    using namespace std;
+    typedef uint64_t type;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+}
+
+typedef timer_large_integer::type ticks_t;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() { return DOCTEST_CONFIG_GETCURRENTTICKS(); }
+#elif defined(DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        static LARGE_INTEGER hz = {0}, hzo = {0};
+        if(!hz.QuadPart) {
+            QueryPerformanceFrequency(&hz);
+            QueryPerformanceCounter(&hzo);
+        }
+        LARGE_INTEGER t;
+        QueryPerformanceCounter(&t);
+        return ((t.QuadPart - hzo.QuadPart) * LONGLONG(1000000)) / hz.QuadPart;
+    }
+#else  // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    ticks_t getCurrentTicks() {
+        timeval t;
+        gettimeofday(&t, nullptr);
+        return static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_sec) * 1000000 + static_cast<ticks_t>(t.tv_usec);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct Timer
+    {
+        void         start() { m_ticks = getCurrentTicks(); }
+        unsigned int getElapsedMicroseconds() const {
+            return static_cast<unsigned int>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks);
+        }
+        //unsigned int getElapsedMilliseconds() const {
+        //    return static_cast<unsigned int>(getElapsedMicroseconds() / 1000);
+        //}
+        double getElapsedSeconds() const { return static_cast<double>(getCurrentTicks() - m_ticks) / 1000000.0; }
+
+    private:
+        ticks_t m_ticks = 0;
+    };
+
+    // this holds both parameters from the command line and runtime data for tests
+    struct ContextState : ContextOptions, TestRunStats, CurrentTestCaseStats
+    {
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+        std::atomic<int> numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+        std::vector<std::vector<String>> filters = decltype(filters)(9); // 9 different filters
+
+        std::vector<IReporter*> reporters_currently_used;
+
+        const TestCase* currentTest = nullptr;
+
+        assert_handler ah = nullptr;
+
+        Timer timer;
+
+        std::vector<String> stringifiedContexts; // logging from INFO() due to an exception
+
+        // stuff for subcases
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature>     subcasesStack;
+        std::set<decltype(subcasesStack)> subcasesPassed;
+        int                               subcasesCurrentMaxLevel;
+        bool                              should_reenter;
+        std::atomic<bool>                 shouldLogCurrentException;
+
+        void resetRunData() {
+            numTestCases                = 0;
+            numTestCasesPassingFilters  = 0;
+            numTestSuitesPassingFilters = 0;
+            numTestCasesFailed          = 0;
+            numAsserts                  = 0;
+            numAssertsFailed            = 0;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = 0;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = 0;
+        }
+
+        void finalizeTestCaseData() {
+            seconds = timer.getElapsedSeconds();
+
+            // update the non-atomic counters
+            numAsserts += numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailed += numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsCurrentTest       = numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic;
+            numAssertsFailedCurrentTest = numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic;
+
+            if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+
+            if(Approx(currentTest->m_timeout).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) != 0 &&
+               Approx(seconds).epsilon(DBL_EPSILON) > currentTest->m_timeout)
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout;
+
+            if(currentTest->m_should_fail) {
+                if(failure_flags) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt;
+                }
+            } else if(failure_flags && currentTest->m_may_fail) {
+                failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid;
+            } else if(currentTest->m_expected_failures > 0) {
+                if(numAssertsFailedCurrentTest == currentTest->m_expected_failures) {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes;
+                } else {
+                    failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes;
+                }
+            }
+
+            bool ok_to_fail = (TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid & failure_flags) ||
+                              (TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes & failure_flags);
+
+            // if any subcase has failed - the whole test case has failed
+            if(failure_flags && !ok_to_fail)
+                numTestCasesFailed++;
+        }
+    };
+
+    ContextState* g_cs = nullptr;
+
+    // used to avoid locks for the debug output
+    // TODO: figure out if this is indeed necessary/correct - seems like either there still
+    // could be a race or that there wouldn't be a race even if using the context directly
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL bool g_no_colors;
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+} // namespace detail
+
+void String::setOnHeap() { *reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(&buf[last]) = 128; }
+void String::setLast(unsigned in) { buf[last] = char(in); }
+
+void String::copy(const String& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(other.isOnStack()) {
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = other.data.size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, other.data.ptr, data.size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String() {
+    buf[0] = '\0';
+    setLast();
+}
+
+String::~String() {
+    if(!isOnStack())
+        delete[] data.ptr;
+}
+
+String::String(const char* in)
+        : String(in, strlen(in)) {}
+
+String::String(const char* in, unsigned in_size) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(in_size <= last) {
+        memcpy(buf, in, in_size + 1);
+        setLast(last - in_size);
+    } else {
+        setOnHeap();
+        data.size     = in_size;
+        data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+        data.ptr      = new char[data.capacity];
+        memcpy(data.ptr, in, in_size + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+String::String(const String& other) { copy(other); }
+
+String& String::operator=(const String& other) {
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+
+        copy(other);
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String& String::operator+=(const String& other) {
+    const unsigned my_old_size = size();
+    const unsigned other_size  = other.size();
+    const unsigned total_size  = my_old_size + other_size;
+    using namespace std;
+    if(isOnStack()) {
+        if(total_size < len) {
+            // append to the current stack space
+            memcpy(buf + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+            setLast(last - total_size);
+        } else {
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[total_size + 1];
+            // copy current data to new location before writing in the union
+            memcpy(temp, buf, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // update data in union
+            setOnHeap();
+            data.size     = total_size;
+            data.capacity = data.size + 1;
+            data.ptr      = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if(data.capacity > total_size) {
+            // append to the current heap block
+            data.size = total_size;
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        } else {
+            // resize
+            data.capacity *= 2;
+            if(data.capacity <= total_size)
+                data.capacity = total_size + 1;
+            // alloc new chunk
+            char* temp = new char[data.capacity];
+            // copy current data to new location before releasing it
+            memcpy(temp, data.ptr, my_old_size); // skip the +1 ('\0') for speed
+            // release old chunk
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+            // update the rest of the union members
+            data.size = total_size;
+            data.ptr  = temp;
+            // transfer the rest of the data
+            memcpy(data.ptr + my_old_size, other.c_str(), other_size + 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+String String::operator+(const String& other) const { return String(*this) += other; }
+
+String::String(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+    other.buf[0] = '\0';
+    other.setLast();
+}
+
+String& String::operator=(String&& other) {
+    using namespace std;
+    if(this != &other) {
+        if(!isOnStack())
+            delete[] data.ptr;
+        memcpy(buf, other.buf, len);
+        other.buf[0] = '\0';
+        other.setLast();
+    }
+    return *this;
+}
+
+char String::operator[](unsigned i) const {
+    return const_cast<String*>(this)->operator[](i); // NOLINT
+}
+
+char& String::operator[](unsigned i) {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf)[i];
+    return data.ptr[i];
+}
+
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wmaybe-uninitialized")
+unsigned String::size() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return last - (unsigned(buf[last]) & 31); // using "last" would work only if "len" is 32
+    return data.size;
+}
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+unsigned String::capacity() const {
+    if(isOnStack())
+        return len;
+    return data.capacity;
+}
+
+int String::compare(const char* other, bool no_case) const {
+    if(no_case)
+        return doctest::stricmp(c_str(), other);
+    return std::strcmp(c_str(), other);
+}
+
+int String::compare(const String& other, bool no_case) const {
+    return compare(other.c_str(), no_case);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+bool operator==(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0; }
+bool operator!=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0; }
+bool operator< (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0; }
+bool operator> (const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0; }
+bool operator<=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) < 0 : true; }
+bool operator>=(const String& lhs, const String& rhs) { return (lhs != rhs) ? lhs.compare(rhs) > 0 : true; }
+// clang-format on
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const String& in) { return s << in.c_str(); }
+
+namespace {
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream&, Color::Enum) DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED({}, ;)
+} // namespace
+
+namespace Color {
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        color_to_stream(s, code);
+        return s;
+    }
+} // namespace Color
+
+// clang-format off
+const char* assertString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4062) // enum 'x' in switch of enum 'y' is not handled
+    switch(at) {  //!OCLINT missing default in switch statements
+        case assertType::DT_WARN                    : return "WARN";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK                   : return "CHECK";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE                 : return "REQUIRE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_FALSE              : return "WARN_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_FALSE             : return "CHECK_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_FALSE           : return "REQUIRE_FALSE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS             : return "WARN_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS            : return "CHECK_THROWS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS          : return "REQUIRE_THROWS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_AS          : return "WARN_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_AS         : return "CHECK_THROWS_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_AS       : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH        : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH       : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH     : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS     : return "WARN_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS    : return "CHECK_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS  : return "REQUIRE_THROWS_WITH_AS";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NOTHROW            : return "WARN_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NOTHROW           : return "CHECK_NOTHROW";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NOTHROW         : return "REQUIRE_NOTHROW";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_EQ                 : return "WARN_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_EQ                : return "CHECK_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_EQ              : return "REQUIRE_EQ";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_NE                 : return "WARN_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_NE                : return "CHECK_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_NE              : return "REQUIRE_NE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GT                 : return "WARN_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GT                : return "CHECK_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GT              : return "REQUIRE_GT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LT                 : return "WARN_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LT                : return "CHECK_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LT              : return "REQUIRE_LT";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_GE                 : return "WARN_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_GE                : return "CHECK_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_GE              : return "REQUIRE_GE";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_LE                 : return "WARN_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_LE                : return "CHECK_LE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_LE              : return "REQUIRE_LE";
+
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY              : return "WARN_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY             : return "CHECK_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY           : return "REQUIRE_UNARY";
+        case assertType::DT_WARN_UNARY_FALSE        : return "WARN_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_CHECK_UNARY_FALSE       : return "CHECK_UNARY_FALSE";
+        case assertType::DT_REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE     : return "REQUIRE_UNARY_FALSE";
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+    return "";
+}
+// clang-format on
+
+const char* failureString(assertType::Enum at) {
+    if(at & assertType::is_warn) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "WARNING";
+    if(at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "ERROR";
+    if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+        return "FATAL ERROR";
+    return "";
+}
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wnull-dereference")
+// depending on the current options this will remove the path of filenames
+const char* skipPathFromFilename(const char* file) {
+    if(getContextOptions()->no_path_in_filenames) {
+        auto back    = std::strrchr(file, '\\');
+        auto forward = std::strrchr(file, '/');
+        if(back || forward) {
+            if(back > forward)
+                forward = back;
+            return forward + 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return file;
+}
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+bool SubcaseSignature::operator<(const SubcaseSignature& other) const {
+    if(m_line != other.m_line)
+        return m_line < other.m_line;
+    if(std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) != 0)
+        return std::strcmp(m_file, other.m_file) < 0;
+    return m_name.compare(other.m_name) < 0;
+}
+
+IContextScope::IContextScope()  = default;
+IContextScope::~IContextScope() = default;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(char* in) { return toString(static_cast<const char*>(in)); }
+String toString(const char* in) { return String("\"") + (in ? in : "{null string}") + "\""; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+String toString(bool in) { return in ? "true" : "false"; }
+String toString(float in) { return fpToString(in, 5) + "f"; }
+String toString(double in) { return fpToString(in, 10); }
+String toString(double long in) { return fpToString(in, 15); }
+
+#define DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(type, fmt)                                                      \
+    String toString(type in) {                                                                     \
+        char buf[64];                                                                              \
+        std::sprintf(buf, fmt, in);                                                                \
+        return buf;                                                                                \
+    }
+
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char signed, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(char unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int short unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int, "%d")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(unsigned, "%u")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long, "%ld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long unsigned, "%lu")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long, "%lld")
+DOCTEST_TO_STRING_OVERLOAD(int long long unsigned, "%llu")
+
+String toString(std::nullptr_t) { return "NULL"; }
+
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC >= DOCTEST_COMPILER(19, 20, 0)
+// see this issue on why this is needed: https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/183
+String toString(const std::string& in) { return in.c_str(); }
+#endif // VS 2019
+
+Approx::Approx(double value)
+        : m_epsilon(static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) * 100)
+        , m_scale(1.0)
+        , m_value(value) {}
+
+Approx Approx::operator()(double value) const {
+    Approx approx(value);
+    approx.epsilon(m_epsilon);
+    approx.scale(m_scale);
+    return approx;
+}
+
+Approx& Approx::epsilon(double newEpsilon) {
+    m_epsilon = newEpsilon;
+    return *this;
+}
+Approx& Approx::scale(double newScale) {
+    m_scale = newScale;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+bool operator==(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) {
+    // Thanks to Richard Harris for his help refining this formula
+    return std::fabs(lhs - rhs.m_value) <
+           rhs.m_epsilon * (rhs.m_scale + std::max<double>(std::fabs(lhs), std::fabs(rhs.m_value)));
+}
+bool operator==(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator!=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
+bool operator!=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return !operator==(rhs, lhs); }
+bool operator<=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator>=(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs || lhs == rhs; }
+bool operator<(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs < rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator<(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value < rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(double lhs, const Approx& rhs) { return lhs > rhs.m_value && lhs != rhs; }
+bool operator>(const Approx& lhs, double rhs) { return lhs.m_value > rhs && lhs != rhs; }
+
+String toString(const Approx& in) {
+    return String("Approx( ") + doctest::toString(in.m_value) + " )";
+}
+const ContextOptions* getContextOptions() { return DOCTEST_BRANCH_ON_DISABLED(nullptr, g_cs); }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+namespace doctest {
+Context::Context(int, const char* const*) {}
+Context::~Context() = default;
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int, const char* const*) {}
+void Context::addFilter(const char*, const char*) {}
+void Context::clearFilters() {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, int) {}
+void Context::setOption(const char*, const char*) {}
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return false; }
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() {}
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler) {}
+int  Context::run() { return 0; }
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int                         IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return 0; }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+int                         IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return 0; }
+const String*               IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() { return nullptr; }
+
+int registerReporter(const char*, int, IReporter*) { return 0; }
+
+} // namespace doctest
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE)
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI)
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+#else // linux
+#define DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS && DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+
+namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns {
+// holds the current test suite
+doctest::detail::TestSuite& getCurrentTestSuite() {
+    static doctest::detail::TestSuite data;
+    return data;
+}
+} // namespace doctest_detail_test_suite_ns
+
+namespace doctest {
+namespace {
+    // the int (priority) is part of the key for automatic sorting - sadly one can register a
+    // reporter with a duplicate name and a different priority but hopefully that won't happen often :|
+    typedef std::map<std::pair<int, String>, reporterCreatorFunc> reporterMap;
+
+    reporterMap& getReporters() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+    reporterMap& getListeners() {
+        static reporterMap data;
+        return data;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+#define DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(function, ...)                                           \
+    for(auto& curr_rep : g_cs->reporters_currently_used)                                           \
+    curr_rep->function(__VA_ARGS__)
+
+    bool checkIfShouldThrow(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if(at & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            return true;
+
+        if((at & assertType::is_check) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+           && getContextOptions()->abort_after > 0 &&
+           (g_cs->numAssertsFailed + g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic) >=
+                   getContextOptions()->abort_after)
+            return true;
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throwException() {
+        g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+        throw TestFailureException();
+    } // NOLINT(cert-err60-cpp)
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    void throwException() {}
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+} // namespace detail
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // matching of a string against a wildcard mask (case sensitivity configurable) taken from
+    // https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1088/Wildcard-string-compare-globbing
+    int wildcmp(const char* str, const char* wild, bool caseSensitive) {
+        const char* cp = str;
+        const char* mp = wild;
+
+        while((*str) && (*wild != '*')) {
+            if((caseSensitive ? (*wild != *str) : (tolower(*wild) != tolower(*str))) &&
+               (*wild != '?')) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            wild++;
+            str++;
+        }
+
+        while(*str) {
+            if(*wild == '*') {
+                if(!*++wild) {
+                    return 1;
+                }
+                mp = wild;
+                cp = str + 1;
+            } else if((caseSensitive ? (*wild == *str) : (tolower(*wild) == tolower(*str))) ||
+                      (*wild == '?')) {
+                wild++;
+                str++;
+            } else {
+                wild = mp;   //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                str  = cp++; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+            }
+        }
+
+        while(*wild == '*') {
+            wild++;
+        }
+        return !*wild;
+    }
+
+    //// C string hash function (djb2) - taken from http://www.cse.yorku.ca/~oz/hash.html
+    //unsigned hashStr(unsigned const char* str) {
+    //    unsigned long hash = 5381;
+    //    char          c;
+    //    while((c = *str++))
+    //        hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + c; // hash * 33 + c
+    //    return hash;
+    //}
+
+    // checks if the name matches any of the filters (and can be configured what to do when empty)
+    bool matchesAny(const char* name, const std::vector<String>& filters, bool matchEmpty,
+                    bool caseSensitive) {
+        if(filters.empty() && matchEmpty)
+            return true;
+        for(auto& curr : filters)
+            if(wildcmp(name, curr.c_str(), caseSensitive))
+                return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    Subcase::Subcase(const String& name, const char* file, int line)
+            : m_signature({name, file, line}) {
+        ContextState* s = g_cs;
+
+        // check subcase filters
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcase_filter_levels)) {
+            if(!matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[6], true, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+            if(matchesAny(m_signature.m_name.c_str(), s->filters[7], false, s->case_sensitive))
+                return;
+        }
+        
+        // if a Subcase on the same level has already been entered
+        if(s->subcasesStack.size() < size_t(s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel)) {
+            s->should_reenter = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // push the current signature to the stack so we can check if the
+        // current stack + the current new subcase have been traversed
+        s->subcasesStack.push_back(m_signature);
+        if(s->subcasesPassed.count(s->subcasesStack) != 0) {
+            // pop - revert to previous stack since we've already passed this
+            s->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        s->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = s->subcasesStack.size();
+        m_entered = true;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_start, m_signature);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    Subcase::~Subcase() {
+        if(m_entered) {
+            // only mark the subcase stack as passed if no subcases have been skipped
+            if(g_cs->should_reenter == false)
+                g_cs->subcasesPassed.insert(g_cs->subcasesStack);
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+            if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0
+#else
+            if(std::uncaught_exception()
+#endif
+            && g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException) {
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(
+                        test_case_exception, {"exception thrown in subcase - will translate later "
+                                              "when the whole test case has been exited (cannot "
+                                              "translate while there is an active exception)",
+                                              false});
+                g_cs->shouldLogCurrentException = false;
+            }
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    Subcase::operator bool() const { return m_entered; }
+
+    Result::Result(bool passed, const String& decomposition)
+            : m_passed(passed)
+            , m_decomp(decomposition) {}
+
+    ExpressionDecomposer::ExpressionDecomposer(assertType::Enum at)
+            : m_at(at) {}
+
+    TestSuite& TestSuite::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_test_suite = in;
+        // clear state
+        m_description       = nullptr;
+        m_skip              = false;
+        m_may_fail          = false;
+        m_should_fail       = false;
+        m_expected_failures = 0;
+        m_timeout           = 0;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(funcType test, const char* file, unsigned line, const TestSuite& test_suite,
+                       const char* type, int template_id) {
+        m_file              = file;
+        m_line              = line;
+        m_name              = nullptr; // will be later overridden in operator*
+        m_test_suite        = test_suite.m_test_suite;
+        m_description       = test_suite.m_description;
+        m_skip              = test_suite.m_skip;
+        m_may_fail          = test_suite.m_may_fail;
+        m_should_fail       = test_suite.m_should_fail;
+        m_expected_failures = test_suite.m_expected_failures;
+        m_timeout           = test_suite.m_timeout;
+
+        m_test        = test;
+        m_type        = type;
+        m_template_id = template_id;
+    }
+
+    TestCase::TestCase(const TestCase& other)
+            : TestCaseData() {
+        *this = other;
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(26434) // hides a non-virtual function
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING(26437)           // Do not slice
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator=(const TestCase& other) {
+        static_cast<TestCaseData&>(*this) = static_cast<const TestCaseData&>(other);
+
+        m_test        = other.m_test;
+        m_type        = other.m_type;
+        m_template_id = other.m_template_id;
+        m_full_name   = other.m_full_name;
+
+        if(m_template_id != -1)
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        return *this;
+    }
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    TestCase& TestCase::operator*(const char* in) {
+        m_name = in;
+        // make a new name with an appended type for templated test case
+        if(m_template_id != -1) {
+            m_full_name = String(m_name) + m_type;
+            // redirect the name to point to the newly constructed full name
+            m_name = m_full_name.c_str();
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool TestCase::operator<(const TestCase& other) const {
+        if(m_line != other.m_line)
+            return m_line < other.m_line;
+        const int file_cmp = m_file.compare(other.m_file);
+        if(file_cmp != 0)
+            return file_cmp < 0;
+        return m_template_id < other.m_template_id;
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+    // for sorting tests by file/line
+    bool fileOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        // this is needed because MSVC gives different case for drive letters
+        // for __FILE__ when evaluated in a header and a source file
+        const int res = lhs->m_file.compare(rhs->m_file, bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        if(lhs->m_line != rhs->m_line)
+            return lhs->m_line < rhs->m_line;
+        return lhs->m_template_id < rhs->m_template_id;
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by suite/file/line
+    bool suiteOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_test_suite, rhs->m_test_suite);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return fileOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // for sorting tests by name/suite/file/line
+    bool nameOrderComparator(const TestCase* lhs, const TestCase* rhs) {
+        const int res = std::strcmp(lhs->m_name, rhs->m_name);
+        if(res != 0)
+            return res < 0;
+        return suiteOrderComparator(lhs, rhs);
+    }
+
+    // all the registered tests
+    std::set<TestCase>& getRegisteredTests() {
+        static std::set<TestCase> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    HANDLE g_stdoutHandle;
+    WORD   g_origFgAttrs;
+    WORD   g_origBgAttrs;
+    bool   g_attrsInitted = false;
+
+    int colors_init() {
+        if(!g_attrsInitted) {
+            g_stdoutHandle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+            g_attrsInitted = true;
+            CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo;
+            GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(g_stdoutHandle, &csbiInfo);
+            g_origFgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(BACKGROUND_GREEN | BACKGROUND_RED |
+                                                     BACKGROUND_BLUE | BACKGROUND_INTENSITY);
+            g_origBgAttrs = csbiInfo.wAttributes & ~(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED |
+                                                     FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int dumy_init_console_colors = colors_init();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+    void color_to_stream(std::ostream& s, Color::Enum code) {
+        ((void)s);    // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE or DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        ((void)code); // for DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_NONE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+        auto col = "";
+        // clang-format off
+            switch(code) { //!OCLINT missing break in switch statement / unnecessary default statement in covered switch statement
+                case Color::Red:         col = "[0;31m"; break;
+                case Color::Green:       col = "[0;32m"; break;
+                case Color::Blue:        col = "[0;34m"; break;
+                case Color::Cyan:        col = "[0;36m"; break;
+                case Color::Yellow:      col = "[0;33m"; break;
+                case Color::Grey:        col = "[1;30m"; break;
+                case Color::LightGrey:   col = "[0;37m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightRed:   col = "[1;31m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightGreen: col = "[1;32m"; break;
+                case Color::BrightWhite: col = "[1;37m"; break;
+                case Color::Bright: // invalid
+                case Color::None:
+                case Color::White:
+                default:                 col = "[0m";
+            }
+        // clang-format on
+        s << "\033" << col;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_ANSI
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+        if(g_no_colors ||
+           (isatty(fileno(stdout)) == false && getContextOptions()->force_colors == false))
+            return;
+
+#define DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(x) SetConsoleTextAttribute(g_stdoutHandle, x | g_origBgAttrs)
+
+        // clang-format off
+        switch (code) {
+            case Color::White:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::Red:         DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED);                                      break;
+            case Color::Green:       DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_GREEN);                                    break;
+            case Color::Blue:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE);                                     break;
+            case Color::Cyan:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                  break;
+            case Color::Yellow:      DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN);                   break;
+            case Color::Grey:        DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(0);                                                   break;
+            case Color::LightGrey:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY);                                break;
+            case Color::BrightRed:   DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_RED);               break;
+            case Color::BrightGreen: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN);             break;
+            case Color::BrightWhite: DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(FOREGROUND_INTENSITY | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE); break;
+            case Color::None:
+            case Color::Bright: // invalid
+            default:                 DOCTEST_SET_ATTR(g_origFgAttrs);
+        }
+            // clang-format on
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_COLORS_WINDOWS
+    }
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+    std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*>& getExceptionTranslators() {
+        static std::vector<const IExceptionTranslator*> data;
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    String translateActiveException() {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        String res;
+        auto&  translators = getExceptionTranslators();
+        for(auto& curr : translators)
+            if(curr->translate(res))
+                return res;
+        // clang-format off
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wcatch-value")
+        try {
+            throw;
+        } catch(std::exception& ex) {
+            return ex.what();
+        } catch(std::string& msg) {
+            return msg.c_str();
+        } catch(const char* msg) {
+            return msg;
+        } catch(...) {
+            return "unknown exception";
+        }
+        DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+// clang-format on
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        return "";
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+namespace detail {
+    // used by the macros for registering tests
+    int regTest(const TestCase& tc) {
+        getRegisteredTests().insert(tc);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // sets the current test suite
+    int setTestSuite(const TestSuite& ts) {
+        doctest_detail_test_suite_ns::getCurrentTestSuite() = ts;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE(); }
+#else // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_MAC
+    // The following function is taken directly from the following technical note:
+    // https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/qa/qa1361/_index.html
+    // Returns true if the current process is being debugged (either
+    // running under the debugger or has a debugger attached post facto).
+    bool isDebuggerActive() {
+        int        mib[4];
+        kinfo_proc info;
+        size_t     size;
+        // Initialize the flags so that, if sysctl fails for some bizarre
+        // reason, we get a predictable result.
+        info.kp_proc.p_flag = 0;
+        // Initialize mib, which tells sysctl the info we want, in this case
+        // we're looking for information about a specific process ID.
+        mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
+        mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
+        mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PID;
+        mib[3] = getpid();
+        // Call sysctl.
+        size = sizeof(info);
+        if(sysctl(mib, DOCTEST_COUNTOF(mib), &info, &size, 0, 0) != 0) {
+            std::cerr << "\nCall to sysctl failed - unable to determine if debugger is active **\n";
+            return false;
+        }
+        // We're being debugged if the P_TRACED flag is set.
+        return ((info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0);
+    }
+#elif DOCTEST_MSVC || defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__MINGW64__)
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return ::IsDebuggerPresent() != 0; }
+#else
+    bool isDebuggerActive() { return false; }
+#endif // Platform
+#endif // DOCTEST_IS_DEBUGGER_ACTIVE
+
+    void registerExceptionTranslatorImpl(const IExceptionTranslator* et) {
+        if(std::find(getExceptionTranslators().begin(), getExceptionTranslators().end(), et) ==
+           getExceptionTranslators().end())
+            getExceptionTranslators().push_back(et);
+    }
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char* in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, const char* in) { *s << in; }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_TREAT_CHAR_STAR_AS_STRING
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, bool in) { *s << std::boolalpha << in << std::noboolalpha; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, float in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, double long in) { *s << in; }
+
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char signed in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, char unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int short unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long in) { *s << in; }
+    void toStream(std::ostream* s, int long long unsigned in) { *s << in; }
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::vector<IContextScope*> g_infoContexts; // for logging with INFO()
+
+    ContextScopeBase::ContextScopeBase() {
+        g_infoContexts.push_back(this);
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4996) // std::uncaught_exception is deprecated in C++17	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")	
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+
+    // destroy cannot be inlined into the destructor because that would mean calling stringify after
+    // ContextScope has been destroyed (base class destructors run after derived class destructors).
+    // Instead, ContextScope calls this method directly from its destructor.
+    void ContextScopeBase::destroy() {
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions) && __cpp_lib_uncaught_exceptions >= 201411L
+        if(std::uncaught_exceptions() > 0) {
+#else
+        if(std::uncaught_exception()) {
+#endif
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            this->stringify(&s);
+            g_cs->stringifiedContexts.push_back(s.str().c_str());
+        }
+        g_infoContexts.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP	
+    DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#if !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) && !defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        void reset() {}
+    };
+#else // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+    void reportFatal(const std::string&);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        DWORD id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+            {EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow"},
+            {EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+            {EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error"},
+    };
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static LONG CALLBACK handleException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                if(ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+                    reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+            // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            // 32k seems enough for doctest to handle stack overflow,
+            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
+            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
+            // Register an unhandled exception filter
+            previousTop = SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(handleException);
+            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
+            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+        }
+
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
+                SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(previousTop);
+                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
+                previousTop = nullptr;
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+
+    private:
+        static bool isSet;
+        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
+        static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER previousTop;
+    };
+
+    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
+    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
+    LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER FatalConditionHandler::previousTop = nullptr;
+
+#else // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    struct SignalDefs
+    {
+        int         id;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {{SIGINT, "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal"},
+                               {SIGILL, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+                               {SIGFPE, "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal"},
+                               {SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+                               {SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal"},
+                               {SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal"}};
+
+    struct FatalConditionHandler
+    {
+        static bool             isSet;
+        static struct sigaction oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)];
+        static stack_t          oldSigStack;
+        static char             altStackMem[4 * SIGSTKSZ];
+
+        static void handleSignal(int sig) {
+            const char* name = "<unknown signal>";
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                SignalDefs& def = signalDefs[i];
+                if(sig == def.id) {
+                    name = def.name;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            reset();
+            reportFatal(name);
+            raise(sig);
+        }
+
+        FatalConditionHandler() {
+            isSet = true;
+            stack_t sigStack;
+            sigStack.ss_sp    = altStackMem;
+            sigStack.ss_size  = sizeof(altStackMem);
+            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+            struct sigaction sa = {};
+            sa.sa_handler       = handleSignal; // NOLINT
+            sa.sa_flags         = SA_ONSTACK;
+            for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~FatalConditionHandler() { reset(); }
+        static void reset() {
+            if(isSet) {
+                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
+                for(std::size_t i = 0; i < DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs); ++i) {
+                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], nullptr);
+                }
+                // Return the old stack
+                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, nullptr);
+                isSet = false;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    bool             FatalConditionHandler::isSet                                      = false;
+    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[DOCTEST_COUNTOF(signalDefs)] = {};
+    stack_t          FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack                                = {};
+    char             FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[]                              = {};
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) ::OutputDebugStringA(text)
+#else
+    // TODO: integration with XCode and other IDEs
+#define DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(text) // NOLINT(clang-diagnostic-unused-macros)
+#endif // Platform
+
+    void addAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+    void addFailedAssert(assertType::Enum at) {
+        if((at & assertType::is_warn) == 0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            g_cs->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic++;
+    }
+
+#if defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS) || defined(DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
+    void reportFatal(const std::string& message) {
+        g_cs->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Crash;
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception, {message.c_str(), true});
+
+        while(g_cs->subcasesStack.size()) {
+            g_cs->subcasesStack.pop_back();
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+        }
+
+        g_cs->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS || DOCTEST_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+} // namespace
+namespace detail {
+
+    ResultBuilder::ResultBuilder(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                                 const char* exception_type, const char* exception_string) {
+        m_test_case        = g_cs->currentTest;
+        m_at               = at;
+        m_file             = file;
+        m_line             = line;
+        m_expr             = expr;
+        m_failed           = true;
+        m_threw            = false;
+        m_threw_as         = false;
+        m_exception_type   = exception_type;
+        m_exception_string = exception_string;
+#if DOCTEST_MSVC
+        if(m_expr[0] == ' ') // this happens when variadic macros are disabled under MSVC
+            ++m_expr;
+#endif // MSVC
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::setResult(const Result& res) {
+        m_decomp = res.m_decomp;
+        m_failed = !res.m_passed;
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::translateException() {
+        m_threw     = true;
+        m_exception = translateActiveException();
+    }
+
+    bool ResultBuilder::log() {
+        if(m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw;
+        } else if((m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) && (m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as || (m_exception != m_exception_string);
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = !m_threw_as;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_exception != m_exception_string;
+        } else if(m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            m_failed = m_threw;
+        }
+
+        if(m_exception.size())
+            m_exception = String("\"") + m_exception + "\"";
+
+        if(is_running_in_test) {
+            addAssert(m_at);
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_assert, *this);
+
+            if(m_failed)
+                addFailedAssert(m_at);
+        } else if(m_failed) {
+            failed_out_of_a_testing_context(*this);
+        }
+
+        return m_failed && isDebuggerActive() &&
+               !getContextOptions()->no_breaks; // break into debugger
+    }
+
+    void ResultBuilder::react() const {
+        if(m_failed && checkIfShouldThrow(m_at))
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    void failed_out_of_a_testing_context(const AssertData& ad) {
+        if(g_cs->ah)
+            g_cs->ah(ad);
+        else
+            std::abort();
+    }
+
+    void decomp_assert(assertType::Enum at, const char* file, int line, const char* expr,
+                       Result result) {
+        bool failed = !result.m_passed;
+
+        // ###################################################################################
+        // IF THE DEBUGGER BREAKS HERE - GO 1 LEVEL UP IN THE CALLSTACK FOR THE FAILING ASSERT
+        // THIS IS THE EFFECT OF HAVING 'DOCTEST_CONFIG_SUPER_FAST_ASSERTS' DEFINED
+        // ###################################################################################
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_OUT_OF_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+        DOCTEST_ASSERT_IN_TESTS(result.m_decomp);
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::MessageBuilder(const char* file, int line, assertType::Enum severity) {
+        m_stream   = getTlsOss();
+        m_file     = file;
+        m_line     = line;
+        m_severity = severity;
+    }
+
+    IExceptionTranslator::IExceptionTranslator()  = default;
+    IExceptionTranslator::~IExceptionTranslator() = default;
+
+    bool MessageBuilder::log() {
+        m_string = getTlsOssResult();
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(log_message, *this);
+
+        const bool isWarn = m_severity & assertType::is_warn;
+
+        // warn is just a message in this context so we don't treat it as an assert
+        if(!isWarn) {
+            addAssert(m_severity);
+            addFailedAssert(m_severity);
+        }
+
+        return isDebuggerActive() && !getContextOptions()->no_breaks && !isWarn; // break
+    }
+
+    void MessageBuilder::react() {
+        if(m_severity & assertType::is_require) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            throwException();
+    }
+
+    MessageBuilder::~MessageBuilder() = default;
+} // namespace detail
+namespace {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    template <typename Ex>
+    DOCTEST_NORETURN void throw_exception(Ex const& e) {
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw e;
+#else  // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+        std::cerr << "doctest will terminate because it needed to throw an exception.\n"
+                  << "The message was: " << e.what() << '\n';
+        std::terminate();
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+    }
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+#define DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR(msg)                                                                \
+    throw_exception(std::logic_error(                                                              \
+            __FILE__ ":" DOCTEST_TOSTR(__LINE__) ": Internal doctest error: " msg))
+#endif // DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR
+
+    // clang-format off
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    class XmlEncode {
+    public:
+        enum ForWhat { ForTextNodes, ForAttributes };
+
+        XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat = ForTextNodes );
+
+        void encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const;
+
+        friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode );
+
+    private:
+        std::string m_str;
+        ForWhat m_forWhat;
+    };
+
+    class XmlWriter {
+    public:
+
+        class ScopedElement {
+        public:
+            ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer );
+
+            ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+            ScopedElement& operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT;
+
+            ~ScopedElement();
+
+            ScopedElement& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+            template<typename T>
+            ScopedElement& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+                m_writer->writeAttribute( name, attribute );
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+        private:
+            mutable XmlWriter* m_writer = nullptr;
+        };
+
+        XmlWriter( std::ostream& os = std::cout );
+        ~XmlWriter();
+
+        XmlWriter( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+        XmlWriter& operator=( XmlWriter const& ) = delete;
+
+        XmlWriter& startElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        ScopedElement scopedElement( std::string const& name );
+
+        XmlWriter& endElement();
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute );
+
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute );
+
+        template<typename T>
+        XmlWriter& writeAttribute( std::string const& name, T const& attribute ) {
+        std::stringstream rss;
+            rss << attribute;
+            return writeAttribute( name, rss.str() );
+        }
+
+        XmlWriter& writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent = true );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeComment( std::string const& text );
+
+        //void writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url );
+
+        //XmlWriter& writeBlankLine();
+
+        void ensureTagClosed();
+
+    private:
+
+        void writeDeclaration();
+
+        void newlineIfNecessary();
+
+        bool m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        bool m_needsNewline = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> m_tags;
+        std::string m_indent;
+        std::ostream& m_os;
+    };
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// The following code has been taken verbatim from Catch2/include/internal/catch_xmlwriter.h/cpp
+// This is done so cherry-picking bug fixes is trivial - even the style/formatting is untouched.
+// =================================================================================================
+
+using uchar = unsigned char;
+
+namespace {
+
+    size_t trailingBytes(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return 2;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return 3;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return 4;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    uint32_t headerValue(unsigned char c) {
+        if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
+            return c & 0x1F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
+            return c & 0x0F;
+        }
+        if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
+            return c & 0x07;
+        }
+        DOCTEST_INTERNAL_ERROR("Invalid multibyte utf-8 start byte encountered");
+    }
+
+    void hexEscapeChar(std::ostream& os, unsigned char c) {
+        std::ios_base::fmtflags f(os.flags());
+        os << "\\x"
+            << std::uppercase << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+            << static_cast<int>(c);
+        os.flags(f);
+    }
+
+} // anonymous namespace
+
+    XmlEncode::XmlEncode( std::string const& str, ForWhat forWhat )
+    :   m_str( str ),
+        m_forWhat( forWhat )
+    {}
+
+    void XmlEncode::encodeTo( std::ostream& os ) const {
+        // Apostrophe escaping not necessary if we always use " to write attributes
+        // (see: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax)
+
+        for( std::size_t idx = 0; idx < m_str.size(); ++ idx ) {
+            uchar c = m_str[idx];
+            switch (c) {
+            case '<':   os << "&lt;"; break;
+            case '&':   os << "&amp;"; break;
+
+            case '>':
+                // See: https://www.w3.org/TR/xml/#syntax
+                if (idx > 2 && m_str[idx - 1] == ']' && m_str[idx - 2] == ']')
+                    os << "&gt;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            case '\"':
+                if (m_forWhat == ForAttributes)
+                    os << "&quot;";
+                else
+                    os << c;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Check for control characters and invalid utf-8
+
+                // Escape control characters in standard ascii
+                // see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/404107/why-are-control-characters-illegal-in-xml-1-0
+                if (c < 0x09 || (c > 0x0D && c < 0x20) || c == 0x7F) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // Plain ASCII: Write it to stream
+                if (c < 0x7F) {
+                    os << c;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // UTF-8 territory
+                // Check if the encoding is valid and if it is not, hex escape bytes.
+                // Important: We do not check the exact decoded values for validity, only the encoding format
+                // First check that this bytes is a valid lead byte:
+                // This means that it is not encoded as 1111 1XXX
+                // Or as 10XX XXXX
+                if (c <  0xC0 ||
+                    c >= 0xF8) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                auto encBytes = trailingBytes(c);
+                // Are there enough bytes left to avoid accessing out-of-bounds memory?
+                if (idx + encBytes - 1 >= m_str.size()) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+                // The header is valid, check data
+                // The next encBytes bytes must together be a valid utf-8
+                // This means: bitpattern 10XX XXXX and the extracted value is sane (ish)
+                bool valid = true;
+                uint32_t value = headerValue(c);
+                for (std::size_t n = 1; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    uchar nc = m_str[idx + n];
+                    valid &= ((nc & 0xC0) == 0x80);
+                    value = (value << 6) | (nc & 0x3F);
+                }
+
+                if (
+                    // Wrong bit pattern of following bytes
+                    (!valid) ||
+                    // Overlong encodings
+                    (value < 0x80) ||
+                    (                 value < 0x800   && encBytes > 2) || // removed "0x80 <= value &&" because redundant
+                    (0x800 < value && value < 0x10000 && encBytes > 3) ||
+                    // Encoded value out of range
+                    (value >= 0x110000)
+                    ) {
+                    hexEscapeChar(os, c);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // If we got here, this is in fact a valid(ish) utf-8 sequence
+                for (std::size_t n = 0; n < encBytes; ++n) {
+                    os << m_str[idx + n];
+                }
+                idx += encBytes - 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, XmlEncode const& xmlEncode ) {
+        xmlEncode.encodeTo( os );
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( XmlWriter* writer )
+    :   m_writer( writer )
+    {}
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::ScopedElement( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT
+    :   m_writer( other.m_writer ){
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+    }
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::operator=( ScopedElement&& other ) DOCTEST_NOEXCEPT {
+        if ( m_writer ) {
+            m_writer->endElement();
+        }
+        m_writer = other.m_writer;
+        other.m_writer = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement::~ScopedElement() {
+        if( m_writer )
+            m_writer->endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement& XmlWriter::ScopedElement::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        m_writer->writeText( text, indent );
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::XmlWriter( std::ostream& os ) : m_os( os )
+    {
+        writeDeclaration();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::~XmlWriter() {
+        while( !m_tags.empty() )
+            endElement();
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::startElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ensureTagClosed();
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_os << m_indent << '<' << name;
+        m_tags.push_back( name );
+        m_indent += "  ";
+        m_tagIsOpen = true;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter::ScopedElement XmlWriter::scopedElement( std::string const& name ) {
+        ScopedElement scoped( this );
+        startElement( name );
+        return scoped;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::endElement() {
+        newlineIfNecessary();
+        m_indent = m_indent.substr( 0, m_indent.size()-2 );
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << "/>";
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+        else {
+            m_os << m_indent << "</" << m_tags.back() << ">";
+        }
+        m_os << std::endl;
+        m_tags.pop_back();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, std::string const& attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && !attribute.empty() )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, const char* attribute ) {
+        if( !name.empty() && attribute && attribute[0] != '\0' )
+            m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << XmlEncode( attribute, XmlEncode::ForAttributes ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeAttribute( std::string const& name, bool attribute ) {
+        m_os << ' ' << name << "=\"" << ( attribute ? "true" : "false" ) << '"';
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeText( std::string const& text, bool indent ) {
+        if( !text.empty() ){
+            bool tagWasOpen = m_tagIsOpen;
+            ensureTagClosed();
+            if( tagWasOpen && indent )
+                m_os << m_indent;
+            m_os << XmlEncode( text );
+            m_needsNewline = true;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeComment( std::string const& text ) {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << m_indent << "<!--" << text << "-->";
+    //    m_needsNewline = true;
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    //void XmlWriter::writeStylesheetRef( std::string const& url ) {
+    //    m_os << "<?xml-stylesheet type=\"text/xsl\" href=\"" << url << "\"?>\n";
+    //}
+
+    //XmlWriter& XmlWriter::writeBlankLine() {
+    //    ensureTagClosed();
+    //    m_os << '\n';
+    //    return *this;
+    //}
+
+    void XmlWriter::ensureTagClosed() {
+        if( m_tagIsOpen ) {
+            m_os << ">" << std::endl;
+            m_tagIsOpen = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::writeDeclaration() {
+        m_os << "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n";
+    }
+
+    void XmlWriter::newlineIfNecessary() {
+        if( m_needsNewline ) {
+            m_os << std::endl;
+            m_needsNewline = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+// =================================================================================================
+// End of copy-pasted code from Catch
+// =================================================================================================
+
+    // clang-format on
+
+    struct XmlReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        XmlReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto              contexts = get_active_contexts();
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&ss);
+                    xml.scopedElement("Info").writeText(ss.str());
+                    ss.str("");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        void test_case_start_impl(const TestCaseData& in) {
+            bool open_ts_tag = false;
+            if(tc != nullptr) { // we have already opened a test suite
+                if(std::strcmp(tc->m_test_suite, in.m_test_suite) != 0) {
+                    xml.endElement();
+                    open_ts_tag = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                open_ts_tag = true; // first test case ==> first test suite
+            }
+
+            if(open_ts_tag) {
+                xml.startElement("TestSuite");
+                xml.writeAttribute("name", in.m_test_suite);
+            }
+
+            tc = &in;
+            xml.startElement("TestCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line))
+                    .writeAttribute("description", in.m_description);
+
+            if(Approx(in.m_timeout) != 0)
+                xml.writeAttribute("timeout", in.m_timeout);
+            if(in.m_may_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("may_fail", true);
+            if(in.m_should_fail)
+                xml.writeAttribute("should_fail", true);
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            test_run_start();
+            if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Listener")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+                for(auto& curr : getReporters())
+                    xml.scopedElement("Reporter")
+                            .writeAttribute("priority", curr.first.first)
+                            .writeAttribute("name", curr.first.second);
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestCase").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_name)
+                        .writeAttribute("testsuite", in.data[i]->m_test_suite)
+                        .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.data[i]->m_file.c_str()))
+                        .writeAttribute("line", line(in.data[i]->m_line));
+                }
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    xml.scopedElement("TestSuite").writeAttribute("name", in.data[i]->m_test_suite);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+                xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsTestSuites")
+                        .writeAttribute("unskipped", in.run_stats->numTestSuitesPassingFilters);
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+            xml.startElement("doctest").writeAttribute("binary", binary_name);
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            // only the consequential ones (TODO: filters)
+            xml.scopedElement("Options")
+                    .writeAttribute("order_by", opt.order_by.c_str())
+                    .writeAttribute("rand_seed", opt.rand_seed)
+                    .writeAttribute("first", opt.first)
+                    .writeAttribute("last", opt.last)
+                    .writeAttribute("abort_after", opt.abort_after)
+                    .writeAttribute("subcase_filter_levels", opt.subcase_filter_levels)
+                    .writeAttribute("case_sensitive", opt.case_sensitive)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_throw", opt.no_throw)
+                    .writeAttribute("no_skip", opt.no_skip);
+        }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            if(tc) // the TestSuite tag - only if there has been at least 1 test case
+                xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.scopedElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes", p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numAssertsFailed);
+
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsTestCases")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", p.numTestCasesFailed);
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            test_case_start_impl(in);
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            xml.startElement("OverallResultsAsserts")
+                    .writeAttribute("successes",
+                                    st.numAssertsCurrentTest - st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", st.numAssertsFailedCurrentTest);
+            if(opt.duration)
+                xml.writeAttribute("duration", st.seconds);
+            if(tc->m_expected_failures)
+                xml.writeAttribute("expected_failures", tc->m_expected_failures);
+            xml.endElement();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Exception")
+                    .writeAttribute("crash", e.is_crash)
+                    .writeText(e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("SubCase")
+                    .writeAttribute("name", in.m_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(in.m_line));
+            xml.ensureTagClosed();
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override { xml.endElement(); }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Expression")
+                    .writeAttribute("success", !rb.m_failed)
+                    .writeAttribute("type", assertString(rb.m_at))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(rb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Original").writeText(rb.m_expr);
+
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Exception").writeText(rb.m_exception.c_str());
+
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedException").writeText(rb.m_exception_type);
+            if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)
+                xml.scopedElement("ExpectedExceptionString").writeText(rb.m_exception_string);
+            if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_normal) && !rb.m_threw)
+                xml.scopedElement("Expanded").writeText(rb.m_decomp.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            xml.startElement("Message")
+                    .writeAttribute("type", failureString(mb.m_severity))
+                    .writeAttribute("filename", skipPathFromFilename(mb.m_file))
+                    .writeAttribute("line", line(mb.m_line));
+
+            xml.scopedElement("Text").writeText(mb.m_string.c_str());
+
+            log_contexts();
+
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                test_case_start_impl(in);
+                xml.writeAttribute("skipped", "true");
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("xml", 0, XmlReporter);
+
+    void fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(std::ostream& s, const AssertData& rb) {
+        if((rb.m_at & (assertType::is_throws_as | assertType::is_throws_with)) ==
+            0) //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << " ) "
+                << Color::None;
+
+        if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "threw as expected!" : "did NOT throw at all!") << "\n";
+        } else if((rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_as) &&
+                    (rb.m_at & assertType::is_throws_with)) { //!OCLINT
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\", " << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None;
+            if(rb.m_threw) {
+                if(!rb.m_failed) {
+                    s << "threw as expected!\n";
+                } else {
+                    s << "threw a DIFFERENT exception! (contents: " << rb.m_exception << ")\n";
+                }
+            } else {
+                s << "did NOT throw at all!\n";
+            }
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_as) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", "
+                << rb.m_exception_type << " ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (rb.m_threw_as ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at &
+                    assertType::is_throws_with) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << Color::Cyan << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_expr << ", \""
+                << rb.m_exception_string << "\" ) " << Color::None
+                << (rb.m_threw ? (!rb.m_failed ? "threw as expected!" :
+                                                "threw a DIFFERENT exception: ") :
+                                "did NOT throw at all!")
+                << Color::Cyan << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else if(rb.m_at & assertType::is_nothrow) { //!OCLINT bitwise operator in conditional
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " : "didn't throw!") << Color::Cyan
+                << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+        } else {
+            s << (rb.m_threw ? "THREW exception: " :
+                                (!rb.m_failed ? "is correct!\n" : "is NOT correct!\n"));
+            if(rb.m_threw)
+                s << rb.m_exception << "\n";
+            else
+                s << "  values: " << assertString(rb.m_at) << "( " << rb.m_decomp << " )\n";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // TODO:
+    // - log_contexts()
+    // - log_message()
+    // - respond to queries
+    // - honor remaining options
+    // - more attributes in tags
+    struct JUnitReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        XmlWriter  xml;
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        Timer timer;
+        std::vector<String> deepestSubcaseStackNames;
+
+        struct JUnitTestCaseData
+        {
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations") // gmtime
+            static std::string getCurrentTimestamp() {
+                // Beware, this is not reentrant because of backward compatibility issues
+                // Also, UTC only, again because of backward compatibility (%z is C++11)
+                time_t rawtime;
+                std::time(&rawtime);
+                auto const timeStampSize = sizeof("2017-01-16T17:06:45Z");
+
+                std::tm* timeInfo;
+                timeInfo = std::gmtime(&rawtime);
+
+                char timeStamp[timeStampSize];
+                const char* const fmt = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ";
+
+                std::strftime(timeStamp, timeStampSize, fmt, timeInfo);
+                return std::string(timeStamp);
+            }
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+            struct JUnitTestMessage
+            {
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _type, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(_type), details(_details) {}
+
+                JUnitTestMessage(const std::string& _message, const std::string& _details)
+                    : message(_message), type(), details(_details) {}
+
+                std::string message, type, details;
+            };
+
+            struct JUnitTestCase
+            {
+                JUnitTestCase(const std::string& _classname, const std::string& _name)
+                    : classname(_classname), name(_name), time(0), failures() {}
+
+                std::string classname, name;
+                double time;
+                std::vector<JUnitTestMessage> failures, errors;
+            };
+
+            void add(const std::string& classname, const std::string& name) {
+                testcases.emplace_back(classname, name);
+            }
+
+            void appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(std::vector<String> nameStack) {
+                for(auto& curr: nameStack)
+                    if(curr.size())
+                        testcases.back().name += std::string("/") + curr.c_str();
+            }
+
+            void addTime(double time) {
+                if(time < 1e-4)
+                    time = 0;
+                testcases.back().time = time;
+                totalSeconds += time;
+            }
+
+            void addFailure(const std::string& message, const std::string& type, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().failures.emplace_back(message, type, details);
+                ++totalFailures;
+            }
+
+            void addError(const std::string& message, const std::string& details) {
+                testcases.back().errors.emplace_back(message, details);
+                ++totalErrors;
+            }
+
+            std::vector<JUnitTestCase> testcases;
+            double totalSeconds = 0;
+            int totalErrors = 0, totalFailures = 0;
+        };
+
+        JUnitTestCaseData testCaseData;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc = nullptr;
+
+        JUnitReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : xml(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        unsigned line(unsigned l) const { return opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : l; }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData&) override {}
+
+        void test_run_start() override {}
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            // remove .exe extension - mainly to have the same output on UNIX and Windows
+            std::string binary_name = skipPathFromFilename(opt.binary_name.c_str());
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            if(binary_name.rfind(".exe") != std::string::npos)
+                binary_name = binary_name.substr(0, binary_name.length() - 4);
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+            xml.startElement("testsuites");
+            xml.startElement("testsuite").writeAttribute("name", binary_name)
+                    .writeAttribute("errors", testCaseData.totalErrors)
+                    .writeAttribute("failures", testCaseData.totalFailures)
+                    .writeAttribute("tests", p.numAsserts);
+            if(opt.no_time_in_output == false) {
+                xml.writeAttribute("time", testCaseData.totalSeconds);
+                xml.writeAttribute("timestamp", JUnitTestCaseData::getCurrentTimestamp());
+            }
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                xml.writeAttribute("doctest_version", DOCTEST_VERSION_STR);
+
+            for(const auto& testCase : testCaseData.testcases) {
+                xml.startElement("testcase")
+                    .writeAttribute("classname", testCase.classname)
+                    .writeAttribute("name", testCase.name);
+                if(opt.no_time_in_output == false)
+                    xml.writeAttribute("time", testCase.time);
+                // This is not ideal, but it should be enough to mimic gtest's junit output.
+                xml.writeAttribute("status", "run");
+
+                for(const auto& failure : testCase.failures) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("failure")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", failure.message)
+                        .writeAttribute("type", failure.type)
+                        .writeText(failure.details, false);
+                }
+
+                for(const auto& error : testCase.errors) {
+                    xml.scopedElement("error")
+                        .writeAttribute("message", error.message)
+                        .writeText(error.details);
+                }
+
+                xml.endElement();
+            }
+            xml.endElement();
+            xml.endElement();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+            timer.start();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+
+            timer.start();
+            testCaseData.add(skipPathFromFilename(in.m_file.c_str()), in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats&) override {
+            testCaseData.addTime(timer.getElapsedSeconds());
+            testCaseData.appendSubcaseNamesToLastTestcase(deepestSubcaseStackNames);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            testCaseData.addError("exception", e.error_string.c_str());
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& in) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            deepestSubcaseStackNames.push_back(in.m_name);
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {}
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed) // report only failures & ignore the `success` option
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            std::ostringstream os;
+            os << skipPathFromFilename(rb.m_file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+              << line(rb.m_line) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << std::endl;
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(os, rb);
+            testCaseData.addFailure(rb.m_decomp.c_str(), assertString(rb.m_at), os.str());
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData&) override {}
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("junit", 0, JUnitReporter);
+
+    struct Whitespace
+    {
+        int nrSpaces;
+        explicit Whitespace(int nr)
+                : nrSpaces(nr) {}
+    };
+
+    std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Whitespace& ws) {
+        if(ws.nrSpaces != 0)
+            out << std::setw(ws.nrSpaces) << ' ';
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    struct ConsoleReporter : public IReporter
+    {
+        std::ostream&                 s;
+        bool                          hasLoggedCurrentTestStart;
+        std::vector<SubcaseSignature> subcasesStack;
+        size_t                        currentSubcaseLevel;
+        std::mutex                    mutex;
+
+        // caching pointers/references to objects of these types - safe to do
+        const ContextOptions& opt;
+        const TestCaseData*   tc;
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : s(*co.cout)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        ConsoleReporter(const ContextOptions& co, std::ostream& ostr)
+                : s(ostr)
+                , opt(co) {}
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE HELPERS USED BY THE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void separator_to_stream() {
+            s << Color::Yellow
+              << "==============================================================================="
+                 "\n";
+        }
+
+        const char* getSuccessOrFailString(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                           const char* success_str) {
+            if(success)
+                return success_str;
+            return failureString(at);
+        }
+
+        Color::Enum getSuccessOrFailColor(bool success, assertType::Enum at) {
+            return success ? Color::BrightGreen :
+                             (at & assertType::is_warn) ? Color::Yellow : Color::Red;
+        }
+
+        void successOrFailColoredStringToStream(bool success, assertType::Enum at,
+                                                const char* success_str = "SUCCESS") {
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(success, at)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(success, at, success_str) << ": ";
+        }
+
+        void log_contexts() {
+            int num_contexts = get_num_active_contexts();
+            if(num_contexts) {
+                auto contexts = get_active_contexts();
+
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = 0; i < num_contexts; ++i) {
+                    s << (i == 0 ? "" : "          ");
+                    contexts[i]->stringify(&s);
+                    s << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+        }
+
+        // this was requested to be made virtual so users could override it
+        virtual void file_line_to_stream(const char* file, int line,
+                                        const char* tail = "") {
+            s << Color::LightGrey << skipPathFromFilename(file) << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "(")
+            << (opt.no_line_numbers ? 0 : line) // 0 or the real num depending on the option
+            << (opt.gnu_file_line ? ":" : "):") << tail;
+        }
+
+        void logTestStart() {
+            if(hasLoggedCurrentTestStart)
+                return;
+
+            separator_to_stream();
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, "\n");
+            if(tc->m_description)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "DESCRIPTION: " << Color::None << tc->m_description << "\n";
+            if(tc->m_test_suite && tc->m_test_suite[0] != '\0')
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST SUITE: " << Color::None << tc->m_test_suite << "\n";
+            if(strncmp(tc->m_name, "  Scenario:", 11) != 0)
+                s << Color::Yellow << "TEST CASE:  ";
+            s << Color::None << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < currentSubcaseLevel; ++i) {
+                if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                    s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+            }
+
+            if(currentSubcaseLevel != subcasesStack.size()) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "\nDEEPEST SUBCASE STACK REACHED (DIFFERENT FROM THE CURRENT ONE):\n" << Color::None;
+                for(size_t i = 0; i < subcasesStack.size(); ++i) {
+                    if(subcasesStack[i].m_name[0] != '\0')
+                        s << "  " << subcasesStack[i].m_name << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+
+            s << "\n";
+
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = true;
+        }
+
+        void printVersion() {
+            if(opt.no_version == false)
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "doctest version is \""
+                  << DOCTEST_VERSION_STR << "\"\n";
+        }
+
+        void printIntro() {
+            printVersion();
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "run with \"--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help\" for options\n";
+        }
+
+        void printHelp() {
+            int sizePrefixDisplay = static_cast<int>(strlen(DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY));
+            printVersion();
+            // clang-format off
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "boolean values: \"1/on/yes/true\" or \"0/off/no/false\"\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filter  values: \"str1,str2,str3\" (comma separated strings)\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "filters use wildcards for matching strings\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "something passes a filter if any of the strings in a filter matches\n";
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "ALL FLAGS, OPTIONS AND FILTERS ALSO AVAILABLE WITH A \"" DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "\" PREFIX!!!\n";
+#endif
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest]\n" << Color::None;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Query flags - the program quits after them. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "?,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "help, -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "h                      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*0) <<  "prints this message\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "v,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "version                       "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the version\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "c,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "count                         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the number of matching tests\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ltc, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-cases               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching tests by name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lts, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-test-suites              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all matching test suites\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "lr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "list-reporters                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "lists all registered reporters\n\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "The available <int>/<string> options/filters are:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-case-exclude=<filters>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sf,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file=<filters>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sfe, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "source-file-exclude=<filters> "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their file\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ts,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite=<filters>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "tse, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "test-suite-exclude=<filters>  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT tests by their test suite\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase=<filters>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters     subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "sce, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-exclude=<filters>     "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters OUT subcases by their name\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "r,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "reporters=<filters>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "reporters to use (console is default)\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "o,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "out=<string>                  "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "output filename\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ob,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "order-by=<string>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "how the tests should be ordered\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       <string> - by [file/suite/name/rand]\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "rand-seed=<int>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "seed for random ordering\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "f,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "first=<int>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the first test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "l,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "last=<int>                    "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "the last test passing the filters to\n";
+            s << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*3) << "                                       execute - for range-based execution\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "aa,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "abort-after=<int>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "stop after <int> failed assertions\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "scfl,--" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "subcase-filter-levels=<int>   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "apply filters for the first <int> levels\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "Bool options - can be used like flags and true is assumed. Available:\n\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "s,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "success=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "include successful assertions in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "cs,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "case-sensitive=<bool>         "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "filters being treated as case sensitive\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "e,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "exit=<bool>                   "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "exits after the tests finish\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "d,   --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "duration=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "prints the time duration of each test\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nt,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-throw=<bool>               "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips exceptions-related assert checks\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ne,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-exitcode=<bool>            "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "returns (or exits) always with success\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nr,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-run=<bool>                 "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "skips all runtime doctest operations\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nv,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-version=<bool>             "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "omit the framework version in the output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-colors=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables colors in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "fc,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "force-colors=<bool>           "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "use colors even when not in a tty\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nb,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-breaks=<bool>              "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "disables breakpoints in debuggers\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "ns,  --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-skip=<bool>                "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "don't skip test cases marked as skip\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gfl, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "gnu-file-line=<bool>          "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << ":n: vs (n): for line numbers in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "npf, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-path-filenames=<bool>      "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "only filenames and no paths in output\n";
+            s << " -" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "nln, --" DOCTEST_OPTIONS_PREFIX_DISPLAY "no-line-numbers=<bool>        "
+              << Whitespace(sizePrefixDisplay*1) << "0 instead of real line numbers in output\n";
+            // ================================================================================== << 79
+            // clang-format on
+
+            s << Color::Cyan << "\n[doctest] " << Color::None;
+            s << "for more information visit the project documentation\n\n";
+        }
+
+        void printRegisteredReporters() {
+            printVersion();
+            auto printReporters = [this] (const reporterMap& reporters, const char* type) {
+                if(reporters.size()) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all registered " << type << "\n";
+                    for(auto& curr : reporters)
+                        s << "priority: " << std::setw(5) << curr.first.first
+                          << " name: " << curr.first.second << "\n";
+                }
+            };
+            printReporters(getListeners(), "listeners");
+            printReporters(getReporters(), "reporters");
+        }
+
+        void list_query_results() {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        // =========================================================================================
+        // WHAT FOLLOWS ARE OVERRIDES OF THE VIRTUAL METHODS OF THE REPORTER INTERFACE
+        // =========================================================================================
+
+        void report_query(const QueryData& in) override {
+            if(opt.version) {
+                printVersion();
+            } else if(opt.help) {
+                printHelp();
+            } else if(opt.list_reporters) {
+                printRegisteredReporters();
+            } else if(opt.count || opt.list_test_cases) {
+                if(opt.list_test_cases) {
+                    s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                      << "listing all test case names\n";
+                    separator_to_stream();
+                }
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_name << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+
+            } else if(opt.list_test_suites) {
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "listing all test suites\n";
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                for(unsigned i = 0; i < in.num_data; ++i)
+                    s << Color::None << in.data[i]->m_test_suite << "\n";
+
+                separator_to_stream();
+
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestCasesPassingFilters << "\n";
+                s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+                  << "test suites with unskipped test cases passing the current filters: "
+                  << g_cs->numTestSuitesPassingFilters << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        void test_run_start() override { printIntro(); }
+
+        void test_run_end(const TestRunStats& p) override {
+            separator_to_stream();
+            s << std::dec;
+
+            const bool anythingFailed = p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 || p.numAssertsFailed > 0;
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "test cases: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters << " | "
+              << ((p.numTestCasesPassingFilters == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None :
+                                                                          Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesPassingFilters - p.numTestCasesFailed << " passed"
+              << Color::None << " | " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None)
+              << std::setw(6) << p.numTestCasesFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " | ";
+            if(opt.no_skipped_summary == false) {
+                const int numSkipped = p.numTestCases - p.numTestCasesPassingFilters;
+                s << (numSkipped == 0 ? Color::None : Color::Yellow) << std::setw(6) << numSkipped
+                  << " skipped" << Color::None;
+            }
+            s << "\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None << "assertions: " << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAsserts << " | "
+              << ((p.numAsserts == 0 || anythingFailed) ? Color::None : Color::Green)
+              << std::setw(6) << (p.numAsserts - p.numAssertsFailed) << " passed" << Color::None
+              << " | " << (p.numAssertsFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::None) << std::setw(6)
+              << p.numAssertsFailed << " failed" << Color::None << " |\n";
+            s << Color::Cyan << "[doctest] " << Color::None
+              << "Status: " << (p.numTestCasesFailed > 0 ? Color::Red : Color::Green)
+              << ((p.numTestCasesFailed > 0) ? "FAILURE!" : "SUCCESS!") << Color::None << std::endl;
+        }
+
+        void test_case_start(const TestCaseData& in) override {
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+            tc                        = &in;
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+            currentSubcaseLevel = 0;
+        }
+        
+        void test_case_reenter(const TestCaseData&) override {
+            subcasesStack.clear();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_end(const CurrentTestCaseStats& st) override {
+            // log the preamble of the test case only if there is something
+            // else to print - something other than that an assert has failed
+            if(opt.duration ||
+               (st.failure_flags && st.failure_flags != TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure))
+                logTestStart();
+
+            if(opt.duration)
+                s << Color::None << std::setprecision(6) << std::fixed << st.seconds
+                  << " s: " << tc->m_name << "\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::Timeout)
+                s << Color::Red << "Test case exceeded time limit of " << std::setprecision(6)
+                  << std::fixed << tc->m_timeout << "!\n";
+
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedButDidnt) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Should have failed but didn't! Marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::ShouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed as expected so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::CouldHaveFailedAndDid) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Allowed to fail so marking it as not failed\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::DidntFailExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Didn't fail exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times so marking it as failed!\n";
+            } else if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::FailedExactlyNumTimes) {
+                s << Color::Yellow << "Failed exactly " << tc->m_expected_failures
+                  << " times as expected so marking it as not failed!\n";
+            }
+            if(st.failure_flags & TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts) {
+                s << Color::Red << "Aborting - too many failed asserts!\n";
+            }
+            s << Color::None; // lgtm [cpp/useless-expression]
+        }
+
+        void test_case_exception(const TestCaseException& e) override {
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(tc->m_file.c_str(), tc->m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(false, e.is_crash ? assertType::is_require :
+                                                                   assertType::is_check);
+            s << Color::Red << (e.is_crash ? "test case CRASHED: " : "test case THREW exception: ")
+              << Color::Cyan << e.error_string << "\n";
+
+            int num_stringified_contexts = get_num_stringified_contexts();
+            if(num_stringified_contexts) {
+                auto stringified_contexts = get_stringified_contexts();
+                s << Color::None << "  logged: ";
+                for(int i = num_stringified_contexts; i > 0; --i) {
+                    s << (i == num_stringified_contexts ? "" : "          ")
+                      << stringified_contexts[i - 1] << "\n";
+                }
+            }
+            s << "\n" << Color::None;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_start(const SubcaseSignature& subc) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            subcasesStack.push_back(subc);
+            ++currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void subcase_end() override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+            --currentSubcaseLevel;
+            hasLoggedCurrentTestStart = false;
+        }
+
+        void log_assert(const AssertData& rb) override {
+            if(!rb.m_failed && !opt.success)
+                return;
+
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(rb.m_file, rb.m_line, " ");
+            successOrFailColoredStringToStream(!rb.m_failed, rb.m_at);
+
+            fulltext_log_assert_to_stream(s, rb);
+
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void log_message(const MessageData& mb) override {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+
+            logTestStart();
+
+            file_line_to_stream(mb.m_file, mb.m_line, " ");
+            s << getSuccessOrFailColor(false, mb.m_severity)
+              << getSuccessOrFailString(mb.m_severity & assertType::is_warn, mb.m_severity,
+                                        "MESSAGE") << ": ";
+            s << Color::None << mb.m_string << "\n";
+            log_contexts();
+        }
+
+        void test_case_skipped(const TestCaseData&) override {}
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_REGISTER_REPORTER("console", 0, ConsoleReporter);
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    struct DebugOutputWindowReporter : public ConsoleReporter
+    {
+        DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL static std::ostringstream oss;
+
+        DebugOutputWindowReporter(const ContextOptions& co)
+                : ConsoleReporter(co, oss) {}
+
+#define DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(func, type, arg)                                    \
+    void func(type arg) override {                                                                 \
+        bool with_col = g_no_colors;                                                               \
+        g_no_colors   = false;                                                                     \
+        ConsoleReporter::func(arg);                                                                \
+        DOCTEST_OUTPUT_DEBUG_STRING(oss.str().c_str());                                            \
+        oss.str("");                                                                               \
+        g_no_colors = with_col;                                                                    \
+    }
+
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_run_end, const TestRunStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_start, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_reenter, const TestCaseData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_end, const CurrentTestCaseStats&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_exception, const TestCaseException&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_start, const SubcaseSignature&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(subcase_end, DOCTEST_EMPTY, DOCTEST_EMPTY)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_assert, const AssertData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(log_message, const MessageData&, in)
+        DOCTEST_DEBUG_OUTPUT_REPORTER_OVERRIDE(test_case_skipped, const TestCaseData&, in)
+    };
+
+    DOCTEST_THREAD_LOCAL std::ostringstream DebugOutputWindowReporter::oss;
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // the implementation of parseOption()
+    bool parseOptionImpl(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value) {
+        // going from the end to the beginning and stopping on the first occurrence from the end
+        for(int i = argc; i > 0; --i) {
+            auto index = i - 1;
+            auto temp = std::strstr(argv[index], pattern);
+            if(temp && (value || strlen(temp) == strlen(pattern))) { //!OCLINT prefer early exits and continue
+                // eliminate matches in which the chars before the option are not '-'
+                bool noBadCharsFound = true;
+                auto curr            = argv[index];
+                while(curr != temp) {
+                    if(*curr++ != '-') {
+                        noBadCharsFound = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if(noBadCharsFound && argv[index][0] == '-') {
+                    if(value) {
+                        // parsing the value of an option
+                        temp += strlen(pattern);
+                        const unsigned len = strlen(temp);
+                        if(len) {
+                            *value = temp;
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // just a flag - no value
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // parses an option and returns the string after the '=' character
+    bool parseOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, String* value = nullptr,
+                     const String& defaultVal = String()) {
+        if(value)
+            *value = defaultVal;
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        // offset (normally 3 for "dt-") to skip prefix
+        if(parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern + strlen(DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX), value))
+            return true;
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_UNPREFIXED_OPTIONS
+        return parseOptionImpl(argc, argv, pattern, value);
+    }
+
+    // locates a flag on the command line
+    bool parseFlag(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern) {
+        return parseOption(argc, argv, pattern);
+    }
+
+    // parses a comma separated list of words after a pattern in one of the arguments in argv
+    bool parseCommaSepArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern,
+                           std::vector<String>& res) {
+        String filtersString;
+        if(parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &filtersString)) {
+            // tokenize with "," as a separator
+            // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH("-Wdeprecated-declarations")
+            auto pch = std::strtok(filtersString.c_str(), ","); // modifies the string
+            while(pch != nullptr) {
+                if(strlen(pch))
+                    res.push_back(pch);
+                // uses the strtok() internal state to go to the next token
+                // cppcheck-suppress strtokCalled
+                pch = std::strtok(nullptr, ",");
+            }
+            DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    enum optionType
+    {
+        option_bool,
+        option_int
+    };
+
+    // parses an int/bool option from the command line
+    bool parseIntOption(int argc, const char* const* argv, const char* pattern, optionType type,
+                        int& res) {
+        String parsedValue;
+        if(!parseOption(argc, argv, pattern, &parsedValue))
+            return false;
+
+        if(type == 0) {
+            // boolean
+            const char positive[][5] = {"1", "true", "on", "yes"};  // 5 - strlen("true") + 1
+            const char negative[][6] = {"0", "false", "off", "no"}; // 6 - strlen("false") + 1
+
+            // if the value matches any of the positive/negative possibilities
+            for(unsigned i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                if(parsedValue.compare(positive[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 1; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if(parsedValue.compare(negative[i], true) == 0) {
+                    res = 0; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            // integer
+            // TODO: change this to use std::stoi or something else! currently it uses undefined behavior - assumes '0' on failed parse...
+            int theInt = std::atoi(parsedValue.c_str()); // NOLINT
+            if(theInt != 0) {
+                res = theInt; //!OCLINT parameter reassignment
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+} // namespace
+
+Context::Context(int argc, const char* const* argv)
+        : p(new detail::ContextState) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv, true);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+Context::~Context() {
+    if(g_cs == p)
+        g_cs = nullptr;
+    delete p;
+}
+
+void Context::applyCommandLine(int argc, const char* const* argv) {
+    parseArgs(argc, argv);
+    if(argc)
+        p->binary_name = argv[0];
+}
+
+// parses args
+void Context::parseArgs(int argc, const char* const* argv, bool withDefaults) {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // clang-format off
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file=",        p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sf=",                 p->filters[0]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "source-file-exclude=",p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sfe=",                p->filters[1]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite=",         p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ts=",                 p->filters[2]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-suite-exclude=", p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tse=",                p->filters[3]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case=",          p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tc=",                 p->filters[4]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "test-case-exclude=",  p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "tce=",                p->filters[5]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase=",            p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sc=",                 p->filters[6]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "subcase-exclude=",    p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "sce=",                p->filters[7]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "reporters=",          p->filters[8]);
+    parseCommaSepArgs(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "r=",                  p->filters[8]);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    int    intRes = 0;
+    String strRes;
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG(name, sname, var, default)                                   \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_bool, intRes) ||  \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_bool, intRes))   \
+        p->var = !!intRes;                                                                         \
+    else if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name) ||                           \
+            parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname))                            \
+        p->var = true;                                                                             \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", option_int, intRes) ||   \
+       parseIntOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", option_int, intRes))    \
+        p->var = intRes;                                                                           \
+    else if(withDefaults)                                                                          \
+    p->var = default
+
+#define DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION(name, sname, var, default)                                        \
+    if(parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX name "=", &strRes, default) ||        \
+       parseOption(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX sname "=", &strRes, default) ||       \
+       withDefaults)                                                                               \
+    p->var = strRes
+
+    // clang-format off
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("out", "o", out, "");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_STR_OPTION("order-by", "ob", order_by, "file");
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("rand-seed", "rs", rand_seed, 0);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("first", "f", first, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("last", "l", last, UINT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("abort-after", "aa", abort_after, 0);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_INT_OPTION("subcase-filter-levels", "scfl", subcase_filter_levels, INT_MAX);
+
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("success", "s", success, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("case-sensitive", "cs", case_sensitive, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("exit", "e", exit, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("duration", "d", duration, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-throw", "nt", no_throw, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-exitcode", "ne", no_exitcode, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-run", "nr", no_run, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-version", "nv", no_version, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-colors", "nc", no_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("force-colors", "fc", force_colors, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-breaks", "nb", no_breaks, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skip", "ns", no_skip, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("gnu-file-line", "gfl", gnu_file_line, !bool(DOCTEST_MSVC));
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-path-filenames", "npf", no_path_in_filenames, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-line-numbers", "nln", no_line_numbers, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-skipped-summary", "nss", no_skipped_summary, false);
+    DOCTEST_PARSE_AS_BOOL_OR_FLAG("no-time-in-output", "ntio", no_time_in_output, false);
+    // clang-format on
+
+    if(withDefaults) {
+        p->help             = false;
+        p->version          = false;
+        p->count            = false;
+        p->list_test_cases  = false;
+        p->list_test_suites = false;
+        p->list_reporters   = false;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "help") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "h") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "?")) {
+        p->help = true;
+        p->exit = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "version") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "v")) {
+        p->version = true;
+        p->exit    = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "count") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "c")) {
+        p->count = true;
+        p->exit  = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-cases") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "ltc")) {
+        p->list_test_cases = true;
+        p->exit            = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-test-suites") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lts")) {
+        p->list_test_suites = true;
+        p->exit             = true;
+    }
+    if(parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "list-reporters") ||
+       parseFlag(argc, argv, DOCTEST_CONFIG_OPTIONS_PREFIX "lr")) {
+        p->list_reporters = true;
+        p->exit           = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// allows the user to add procedurally to the filters from the command line
+void Context::addFilter(const char* filter, const char* value) { setOption(filter, value); }
+
+// allows the user to clear all filters from the command line
+void Context::clearFilters() {
+    for(auto& curr : p->filters)
+        curr.clear();
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the int/bool options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, int value) {
+    setOption(option, toString(value).c_str());
+}
+
+// allows the user to override procedurally the string options from the command line
+void Context::setOption(const char* option, const char* value) {
+    auto argv   = String("-") + option + "=" + value;
+    auto lvalue = argv.c_str();
+    parseArgs(1, &lvalue);
+}
+
+// users should query this in their main() and exit the program if true
+bool Context::shouldExit() { return p->exit; }
+
+void Context::setAsDefaultForAssertsOutOfTestCases() { g_cs = p; }
+
+void Context::setAssertHandler(detail::assert_handler ah) { p->ah = ah; }
+
+// the main function that does all the filtering and test running
+int Context::run() {
+    using namespace detail;
+
+    // save the old context state in case such was setup - for using asserts out of a testing context
+    auto old_cs = g_cs;
+    // this is the current contest
+    g_cs               = p;
+    is_running_in_test = true;
+
+    g_no_colors = p->no_colors;
+    p->resetRunData();
+
+    // stdout by default
+    p->cout = &std::cout;
+    p->cerr = &std::cerr;
+
+    // or to a file if specified
+    std::fstream fstr;
+    if(p->out.size()) {
+        fstr.open(p->out.c_str(), std::fstream::out);
+        p->cout = &fstr;
+    }
+
+    auto cleanup_and_return = [&]() {
+        if(fstr.is_open())
+            fstr.close();
+
+        // restore context
+        g_cs               = old_cs;
+        is_running_in_test = false;
+
+        // we have to free the reporters which were allocated when the run started
+        for(auto& curr : p->reporters_currently_used)
+            delete curr;
+        p->reporters_currently_used.clear();
+
+        if(p->numTestCasesFailed && !p->no_exitcode)
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+    };
+
+    // setup default reporter if none is given through the command line
+    if(p->filters[8].empty())
+        p->filters[8].push_back("console");
+
+    // check to see if any of the registered reporters has been selected
+    for(auto& curr : getReporters()) {
+        if(matchesAny(curr.first.second.c_str(), p->filters[8], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(curr.second(*g_cs));
+    }
+
+    // TODO: check if there is nothing in reporters_currently_used
+
+    // prepend all listeners
+    for(auto& curr : getListeners())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.insert(p->reporters_currently_used.begin(), curr.second(*g_cs));
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+    if(isDebuggerActive())
+        p->reporters_currently_used.push_back(new DebugOutputWindowReporter(*g_cs));
+#endif // DOCTEST_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+
+    // handle version, help and no_run
+    if(p->no_run || p->version || p->help || p->list_reporters) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, QueryData());
+
+        return cleanup_and_return();
+    }
+
+    std::vector<const TestCase*> testArray;
+    for(auto& curr : getRegisteredTests())
+        testArray.push_back(&curr);
+    p->numTestCases = testArray.size();
+
+    // sort the collected records
+    if(!testArray.empty()) {
+        if(p->order_by.compare("file", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), fileOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("suite", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), suiteOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("name", true) == 0) {
+            std::sort(testArray.begin(), testArray.end(), nameOrderComparator);
+        } else if(p->order_by.compare("rand", true) == 0) {
+            std::srand(p->rand_seed);
+
+            // random_shuffle implementation
+            const auto first = &testArray[0];
+            for(size_t i = testArray.size() - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+                int idxToSwap = std::rand() % (i + 1); // NOLINT
+
+                const auto temp = first[i];
+
+                first[i]         = first[idxToSwap];
+                first[idxToSwap] = temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::set<String> testSuitesPassingFilt;
+
+    bool                             query_mode = p->count || p->list_test_cases || p->list_test_suites;
+    std::vector<const TestCaseData*> queryResults;
+
+    if(!query_mode)
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_start, DOCTEST_EMPTY);
+
+    // invoke the registered functions if they match the filter criteria (or just count them)
+    for(auto& curr : testArray) {
+        const auto& tc = *curr;
+
+        bool skip_me = false;
+        if(tc.m_skip && !p->no_skip)
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[0], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_file.c_str(), p->filters[1], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[2], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_test_suite, p->filters[3], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(!matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[4], true, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+        if(matchesAny(tc.m_name, p->filters[5], false, p->case_sensitive))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(!skip_me)
+            p->numTestCasesPassingFilters++;
+
+        // skip the test if it is not in the execution range
+        if((p->last < p->numTestCasesPassingFilters && p->first <= p->last) ||
+           (p->first > p->numTestCasesPassingFilters))
+            skip_me = true;
+
+        if(skip_me) {
+            if(!query_mode)
+                DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_skipped, tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // do not execute the test if we are to only count the number of filter passing tests
+        if(p->count)
+            continue;
+
+        // print the name of the test and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_cases) {
+            queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // print the name of the test suite if not done already and don't execute it
+        if(p->list_test_suites) {
+            if((testSuitesPassingFilt.count(tc.m_test_suite) == 0) && tc.m_test_suite[0] != '\0') {
+                queryResults.push_back(&tc);
+                testSuitesPassingFilt.insert(tc.m_test_suite);
+                p->numTestSuitesPassingFilters++;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // execute the test if it passes all the filtering
+        {
+            p->currentTest = &tc;
+
+            p->failure_flags = TestCaseFailureReason::None;
+            p->seconds       = 0;
+
+            // reset atomic counters
+            p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic = 0;
+            p->numAssertsCurrentTest_atomic       = 0;
+
+            p->subcasesPassed.clear();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_start, tc);
+
+            p->timer.start();
+            
+            bool run_test = true;
+
+            do {
+                // reset some of the fields for subcases (except for the set of fully passed ones)
+                p->should_reenter          = false;
+                p->subcasesCurrentMaxLevel = 0;
+                p->subcasesStack.clear();
+
+                p->shouldLogCurrentException = true;
+
+                // reset stuff for logging with INFO()
+                p->stringifiedContexts.clear();
+
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                try {
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                    FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
+                    // execute the test
+                    tc.m_test();
+                    fatalConditionHandler.reset();
+#ifndef DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                } catch(const TestFailureException&) {
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::AssertFailure;
+                } catch(...) {
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_exception,
+                                                      {translateActiveException(), false});
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::Exception;
+                }
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+
+                // exit this loop if enough assertions have failed - even if there are more subcases
+                if(p->abort_after > 0 &&
+                   p->numAssertsFailed + p->numAssertsFailedCurrentTest_atomic >= p->abort_after) {
+                    run_test = false;
+                    p->failure_flags |= TestCaseFailureReason::TooManyFailedAsserts;
+                }
+                
+                if(p->should_reenter && run_test)
+                    DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_reenter, tc);
+                if(!p->should_reenter)
+                    run_test = false;
+            } while(run_test);
+
+            p->finalizeTestCaseData();
+
+            DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_case_end, *g_cs);
+
+            p->currentTest = nullptr;
+
+            // stop executing tests if enough assertions have failed
+            if(p->abort_after > 0 && p->numAssertsFailed >= p->abort_after)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(!query_mode) {
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(test_run_end, *g_cs);
+    } else {
+        QueryData qdata;
+        qdata.run_stats = g_cs;
+        qdata.data      = queryResults.data();
+        qdata.num_data  = unsigned(queryResults.size());
+        DOCTEST_ITERATE_THROUGH_REPORTERS(report_query, qdata);
+    }
+
+    // see these issues on the reasoning for this:
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/143#issuecomment-414418903
+    // - https://github.com/onqtam/doctest/issues/126
+    auto DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS = []() DOCTEST_NOINLINE
+        { std::cout << std::string(); };
+    DOCTEST_FIX_FOR_MACOS_LIBCPP_IOSFWD_STRING_LINK_ERRORS();
+
+    return cleanup_and_return();
+}
+
+IReporter::~IReporter() = default;
+
+int IReporter::get_num_active_contexts() { return detail::g_infoContexts.size(); }
+const IContextScope* const* IReporter::get_active_contexts() {
+    return get_num_active_contexts() ? &detail::g_infoContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+int IReporter::get_num_stringified_contexts() { return detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts.size(); }
+const String* IReporter::get_stringified_contexts() {
+    return get_num_stringified_contexts() ? &detail::g_cs->stringifiedContexts[0] : nullptr;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+    void registerReporterImpl(const char* name, int priority, reporterCreatorFunc c, bool isReporter) {
+        if(isReporter)
+            getReporters().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+        else
+            getListeners().insert(reporterMap::value_type(reporterMap::key_type(priority, name), c));
+    }
+} // namespace detail
+
+} // namespace doctest
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_DISABLE
+
+#ifdef DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_WITH_PUSH(4007) // 'function' : must be 'attribute' - see issue #182
+int main(int argc, char** argv) { return doctest::Context(argc, argv).run(); }
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT_WITH_MAIN
+
+DOCTEST_CLANG_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_MSVC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+DOCTEST_GCC_SUPPRESS_WARNING_POP
+
+#endif // DOCTEST_LIBRARY_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif // DOCTEST_CONFIG_IMPLEMENT