The issue was caused by PR #36906 which changes prevented the generated shared libraries from being stripped.
Since the change is only needed for development (debugging) purposes, it's commented out by default.
(cherry picked from commit 2f38cfd9ab)
The application module `app` serves double duties of providing the prebuilt Godot binaries ('android_debug.apk', 'android_release.apk') and the Godot custom build template ('android_source.zip').