GDScript has the following built-in trigonometry functions:
- `sin()`
- `cos()`
- `tan()`
- `asin()`
- `acos()`
- `atan()`
- `atan()`
- `sinh()`
- `cosh()`
- `tanh()`
However, it lacks the hyperbolic arc (also known as inverse
hyperbolic) functions:
- `asinh()`
- `acosh()`
- `atanh()`
Implement them by just exposing the C++ Math library, but clamping
its values to the closest real defined value.
For the cosine, clamp input values lower than 1 to 1.
In the case of the tangent, where the limit value is infinite,
clamp it to -inf or +inf.
References #78377Fixesgodotengine/godot-proposals#7110
