Implement built-in classes Vector4, Vector4i and Projection.
* Two versions of Vector4 (float and integer).
* A Projection class, which is a 4x4 matrix specialized in projection types.
These types have been requested for a long time, but given they were very corner case they were not added before.
Because in Godot 4, reimplementing parts of the rendering engine is now possible, access to these types (heavily used by the rendering code) becomes a necessity.
**Q**: Why Projection and not Matrix4?
**A**: Godot does not use Matrix2, Matrix3, Matrix4x3, etc. naming convention because, within the engine, these types always have a *purpose*. As such, Godot names them: Transform2D, Transform3D or Basis. In this case, this 4x4 matrix is _always_ used as a _Projection_, hence the naming.
Clean up and do fixes to hash functions and newly introduced murmur3 hashes in #61934
* Clean up usage of murmur3
* Fixed usages of binary murmur3 on floats (this is invalid)
* Changed DJB2 to use xor (which seems to be better)
* Map is unnecessary and inefficient in almost every case.
* Replaced by the new HashMap.
* Renamed Map to RBMap and Set to RBSet for cases that still make sense
(order matters) but use is discouraged.
There were very few cases where replacing by HashMap was undesired because
keeping the key order was intended.
I tried to keep those (as RBMap) as much as possible, but might have missed
some. Review appreciated!
Adds a new, cleaned up, HashMap implementation.
* Uses Robin Hood Hashing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table#Robin_Hood_hashing).
* Keeps elements in a double linked list for simpler, ordered, iteration.
* Allows keeping iterators for later use in removal (Unlike Map<>, it does not do much
for performance vs keeping the key, but helps replace old code).
* Uses a more modern C++ iterator API, deprecates the old one.
* Supports custom allocator (in case there is a wish to use a paged one).
This class aims to unify all the associative template usage and replace it by this one:
* Map<> (whereas key order does not matter, which is 99% of cases)
* HashMap<>
* OrderedHashMap<>
* OAHashMap<>
* Changed to use the same stages as extensions.
* Makes the initialization more coherent, helping solve problems due to lack of stages.
* Makes it easier to port between module and extension.
* removed the DRIVER initialization level (no longer needed).
Improvements:
* Occluder3D is now an abstract type inherited by: ArrayOccluder3D, QuadOccluder3D, BoxOccluder3D, SphereOccluder3D and PolygonOccluder3D. ArrayOccluder3D serves the same purpose as the old Occluder3D (triangle mesh occluder) while the rest are primitives that can be used to manually place simple occluders.
* Occluder baking can now apply simplification. The "bake_simplification_distance" property can be used to set a world-space distance as the desired maximum error, set to 0.1 by default.
* Occluders can now be generated on import. Using the "occ" and "occonly" keywords (similar to "col" and "colonly" for colliders) or by enabling on MeshInstance3Ds in the scene's import window.
Fixes:
* Fixed saving of occluder files after bake.
* Fixed a small error where occluders didn't correctly update in the rendering server.
Bonus content:
* Generalized "CollisionPolygon3DEditor" so it can also be used to edit Resources. Renamed it to "Polygon3DEditor" since it was already being used by other things, not just colliders.
* Fixed a small bug in "EditorPropertyArray" where a call to "remove" was left after the "remove_at" rename.
Fixes some issues found by UBSAN and other misc things:
* Fixed memory leak on exit.
* Properly align ray packet buffer to 64 bytes.
* Added some compiler flags from Embree's build system.
* Fixed ray masks.
* Fixed LODs for shadow meshes.
* Added a merging step before simplification. This helps with tesselated
meshes that were previously left untouched. The angle difference at
wich edges ar considered "hard" can be tweaked as an import setting.
* LODs will now start with the highest decimation possible and keep
doubling (approximately) the number of triangles from there. This
makes sure that very low triangle counts are included when possible.
* Given more weight to normal preservation.
* Modified MeshOptimizer to report distance-based error instead of
including attributes in the reported metrics.
* Added attribute transference between the original mesh and the
various LODs. Right now only normals are taken into account,
but it could be expanded to other attributes in the future.
Minor patch upgrade. Enabling ray packets results in faster
processing of ray streams (i.e. occlusion culling buffer
updates) at the cost of slightly larger binary sizes.
Since Embree v3.13.0 supports AARCH64, switch back to the
official repo instead of using Embree-aarch64.
`thirdparty/embree/patches/godot-changes.patch` should now contain
an accurate diff of the changes done to the library.
Added an occlusion culling system with support for static occluder meshes.
It can be enabled via `Project Settings > Rendering > Occlusion Culling > Use Occlusion Culling`.
Occluders are defined via the new `Occluder3D` resource and instanced using the new
`OccluderInstance3D` node. The occluders can also be automatically baked from a
scene using the built-in editor plugin.
