godot/drivers/vulkan/rendering_device_driver_vulkan.cpp

/**************************************************************************/
/*  rendering_device_driver_vulkan.cpp                                    */
/**************************************************************************/
/*                         This file is part of:                          */
/*                             GODOT ENGINE                               */
/*                        https://godotengine.org                         */
/**************************************************************************/
/* Copyright (c) 2014-present Godot Engine contributors (see AUTHORS.md). */
/* Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Juan Linietsky, Ariel Manzur.                  */
/*                                                                        */
/* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining  */
/* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the        */
/* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including    */
/* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,    */
/* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to     */
/* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to  */
/* the following conditions:                                              */
/*                                                                        */
/* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be         */
/* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.        */
/*                                                                        */
/* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,        */
/* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF     */
/* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. */
/* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY   */
/* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,   */
/* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE      */
/* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.                 */
/**************************************************************************/

#include "rendering_device_driver_vulkan.h"

#include "core/config/project_settings.h"
#include "core/io/marshalls.h"
#include "thirdparty/misc/smolv.h"
#include "vulkan_hooks.h"

#define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))

#define PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS 0

/*****************/
/**** GENERIC ****/
/*****************/

static const VkFormat RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[RDD::DATA_FORMAT_MAX] = {
	VK_FORMAT_R4G4_UNORM_PACK8,
	VK_FORMAT_R4G4B4A4_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B4G4R4A4_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R5G6B5_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B5G6R5_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R5G5B5A1_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B5G5R5A1_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_A1R5G5B5_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_USCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SSCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_UINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A8B8G8R8_SRGB_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_USCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SSCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_UINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2R10G10B10_SINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_USCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SSCALED_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_UINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_A2B10G10R10_SINT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_USCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SSCALED,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SINT,
	VK_FORMAT_R64G64B64A64_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_B10G11R11_UFLOAT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_E5B9G9R9_UFLOAT_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_X8_D24_UNORM_PACK32,
	VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT,
	VK_FORMAT_S8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT,
	VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGB_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC1_RGBA_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC2_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC2_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC3_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC3_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC4_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC4_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC5_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC6H_UFLOAT_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC6H_SFLOAT_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC7_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_BC7_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A1_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ETC2_R8G8B8A8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_EAC_R11G11_SNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_4x4_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x4_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_5x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_6x6_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x6_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_8x8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x5_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x6_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x8_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_10x10_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x10_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_UNORM_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_ASTC_12x12_SRGB_BLOCK,
	VK_FORMAT_G8B8G8R8_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8G8_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G8_B8R8_2PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G8_B8_R8_3PLANE_444_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_R10X6_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6_UNORM_2PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R10X6G10X6B10X6A10X6_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6B10X6G10X6R10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B10X6G10X6R10X6G10X6_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6R10X6_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G10X6_B10X6_R10X6_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4_UNORM_PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4_UNORM_2PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_R12X4G12X4B12X4A12X4_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4B12X4G12X4R12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_B12X4G12X4R12X4G12X4_422_UNORM_4PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_420_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4R12X4_2PLANE_422_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G12X4_B12X4_R12X4_3PLANE_444_UNORM_3PACK16,
	VK_FORMAT_G16B16G16R16_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_B16G16R16G16_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_420_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16R16_2PLANE_422_UNORM,
	VK_FORMAT_G16_B16_R16_3PLANE_444_UNORM,
};

static VkImageLayout RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[RDD::TEXTURE_LAYOUT_MAX] = {
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_STORAGE_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_COPY_SRC_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_COPY_DST_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_RESOLVE_SRC_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_RESOLVE_DST_OPTIMAL
	VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR, // TEXTURE_LAYOUT_VRS_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL
};

static VkPipelineStageFlags _rd_to_vk_pipeline_stages(BitField<RDD::PipelineStageBits> p_stages) {
	VkPipelineStageFlags vk_flags = 0;
	if (p_stages.has_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_COPY_BIT) || p_stages.has_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_RESOLVE_BIT)) {
		// Transfer has been split into copy and resolve bits. Clear them and merge them into one bit.
		vk_flags |= VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
		p_stages.clear_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_COPY_BIT);
		p_stages.clear_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_RESOLVE_BIT);
	}

	if (p_stages.has_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_CLEAR_STORAGE_BIT)) {
		// Vulkan should never use this as API_TRAIT_CLEAR_RESOURCES_WITH_VIEWS is not specified.
		// Therefore, storage is never cleared with an explicit command.
		p_stages.clear_flag(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_CLEAR_STORAGE_BIT);
	}

	// The rest of the flags have compatible numeric values with Vulkan.
	return VkPipelineStageFlags(p_stages) | vk_flags;
}

static VkAccessFlags _rd_to_vk_access_flags(BitField<RDD::BarrierAccessBits> p_access) {
	VkAccessFlags vk_flags = 0;
	if (p_access.has_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COPY_READ_BIT) || p_access.has_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_RESOLVE_READ_BIT)) {
		vk_flags |= VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
		p_access.clear_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COPY_READ_BIT);
		p_access.clear_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_RESOLVE_READ_BIT);
	}

	if (p_access.has_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COPY_WRITE_BIT) || p_access.has_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_RESOLVE_WRITE_BIT)) {
		vk_flags |= VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
		p_access.clear_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COPY_WRITE_BIT);
		p_access.clear_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_RESOLVE_WRITE_BIT);
	}

	if (p_access.has_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_STORAGE_CLEAR_BIT)) {
		// Vulkan should never use this as API_TRAIT_CLEAR_RESOURCES_WITH_VIEWS is not specified.
		// Therefore, storage is never cleared with an explicit command.
		p_access.clear_flag(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_STORAGE_CLEAR_BIT);
	}

	// The rest of the flags have compatible numeric values with Vulkan.
	return VkAccessFlags(p_access) | vk_flags;
}

// RDD::CompareOperator == VkCompareOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_NEVER, VK_COMPARE_OP_NEVER));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_LESS, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_EQUAL, VK_COMPARE_OP_EQUAL));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL, VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS_OR_EQUAL));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_GREATER, VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL, VK_COMPARE_OP_NOT_EQUAL));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL, VK_COMPARE_OP_GREATER_OR_EQUAL));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS, VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS));

static_assert(ARRAYS_COMPATIBLE_FIELDWISE(Rect2i, VkRect2D));

uint32_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::SubgroupCapabilities::supported_stages_flags_rd() const {
	uint32_t flags = 0;

	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT) {
		flags += SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT) {
		flags += SHADER_STAGE_TESSELATION_CONTROL_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT) {
		flags += SHADER_STAGE_TESSELATION_EVALUATION_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT) {
		// FIXME: Add shader stage geometry bit.
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT) {
		flags += SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT) {
		flags += SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT;
	}

	return flags;
}

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::SubgroupCapabilities::supported_stages_desc() const {
	String res;

	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_VERTEX";
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL";
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION";
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_GEOMETRY_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_GEOMETRY";
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_FRAGMENT";
	}
	if (supported_stages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT) {
		res += ", STAGE_COMPUTE";
	}

	// These are not defined on Android GRMBL.
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000100 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_RAYGEN_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_RAYGEN_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000200 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_ANY_HIT_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_ANY_HIT_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000400 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_CLOSEST_HIT_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000800 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_MISS_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_MISS_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00001000 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_INTERSECTION_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_INTERSECTION_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00002000 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_CALLABLE_BIT_KHR */) {
		res += ", STAGE_CALLABLE_KHR";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000040 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_TASK_BIT_NV */) {
		res += ", STAGE_TASK_NV";
	}
	if (supported_stages & 0x00000080 /* VK_SHADER_STAGE_MESH_BIT_NV */) {
		res += ", STAGE_MESH_NV";
	}

	return res.substr(2); // Remove first ", ".
}

uint32_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::SubgroupCapabilities::supported_operations_flags_rd() const {
	uint32_t flags = 0;

	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_BASIC_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_VOTE_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_ARITHMETIC_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_BALLOT_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_SHUFFLE_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_CLUSTERED_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_CLUSTERED_BIT;
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT) {
		flags += SUBGROUP_QUAD_BIT;
	}

	return flags;
}

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::SubgroupCapabilities::supported_operations_desc() const {
	String res;

	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BASIC_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_BASIC";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_VOTE_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_VOTE";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_ARITHMETIC_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_ARITHMETIC";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_BALLOT_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_BALLOT";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_SHUFFLE";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_SHUFFLE_RELATIVE";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_CLUSTERED_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_CLUSTERED";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT) {
		res += ", FEATURE_QUAD";
	}
	if (supported_operations & VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_PARTITIONED_BIT_NV) {
		res += ", FEATURE_PARTITIONED_NV";
	}

	return res.substr(2); // Remove first ", ".
}

/*****************/
/**** GENERIC ****/
/*****************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_register_requested_device_extension(const CharString &p_extension_name, bool p_required) {
	ERR_FAIL_COND(requested_device_extensions.has(p_extension_name));
	requested_device_extensions[p_extension_name] = p_required;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_initialize_device_extensions() {
	enabled_device_extension_names.clear();

	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME, true);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_MULTIVIEW_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_CREATE_RENDERPASS_2_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_STORAGE_BUFFER_STORAGE_CLASS_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_16BIT_STORAGE_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE_2_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_EXT_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_EXT_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME, false);

	if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_generate_spirv_debug_info_enabled()) {
		_register_requested_device_extension(VK_KHR_SHADER_NON_SEMANTIC_INFO_EXTENSION_NAME, true);
	}

#if defined(VK_TRACK_DEVICE_MEMORY)
	if (Engine::get_singleton()->is_extra_gpu_memory_tracking_enabled()) {
		_register_requested_device_extension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_MEMORY_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
	}
#endif
	_register_requested_device_extension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME, false);

	{
		// Debug marker extensions.
		// Should be last element in the array.
#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
		bool want_debug_markers = true;
#else
		bool want_debug_markers = OS::get_singleton()->is_stdout_verbose();
#endif
		if (want_debug_markers) {
			_register_requested_device_extension(VK_EXT_DEBUG_MARKER_EXTENSION_NAME, false);
		}
	}

	uint32_t device_extension_count = 0;
	VkResult err = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &device_extension_count, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(device_extension_count == 0, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties failed to find any extensions\n\nDo you have a compatible Vulkan installable client driver (ICD) installed?");

	TightLocalVector<VkExtensionProperties> device_extensions;
	device_extensions.resize(device_extension_count);
	err = vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physical_device, nullptr, &device_extension_count, device_extensions.ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

#ifdef DEV_ENABLED
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_extension_count; i++) {
		print_verbose(String("VULKAN: Found device extension ") + String::utf8(device_extensions[i].extensionName));
	}
#endif

	// Enable all extensions that are supported and requested.
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < device_extension_count; i++) {
		CharString extension_name(device_extensions[i].extensionName);
		if (requested_device_extensions.has(extension_name)) {
			enabled_device_extension_names.insert(extension_name);
		}
	}

	// Now check our requested extensions.
	for (KeyValue<CharString, bool> &requested_extension : requested_device_extensions) {
		if (!enabled_device_extension_names.has(requested_extension.key)) {
			if (requested_extension.value) {
				ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(ERR_BUG, String("Required extension ") + String::utf8(requested_extension.key) + String(" not found."));
			} else {
				print_verbose(String("Optional extension ") + String::utf8(requested_extension.key) + String(" not found"));
			}
		}
	}

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_check_device_features() {
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physical_device, &physical_device_features);

	// Check for required features.
	if (!physical_device_features.imageCubeArray || !physical_device_features.independentBlend) {
		String error_string = vformat("Your GPU (%s) does not support the following features which are required to use Vulkan-based renderers in Godot:\n\n", context_device.name);
		if (!physical_device_features.imageCubeArray) {
			error_string += "- No support for image cube arrays.\n";
		}
		if (!physical_device_features.independentBlend) {
			error_string += "- No support for independentBlend.\n";
		}
		error_string += "\nThis is usually a hardware limitation, so updating graphics drivers won't help in most cases.";

#if defined(ANDROID_ENABLED) || defined(IOS_ENABLED)
		// Android/iOS platform ports currently don't exit themselves when this method returns `ERR_CANT_CREATE`.
		OS::get_singleton()->alert(error_string + "\nClick OK to exit (black screen will be visible).");
#else
		OS::get_singleton()->alert(error_string + "\nClick OK to exit.");
#endif

		return ERR_CANT_CREATE;
	}

	// Opt-in to the features we actually need/use. These can be changed in the future.
	// We do this for multiple reasons:
	//
	//	1. Certain features (like sparse* stuff) cause unnecessary internal driver allocations.
	//	2. Others like shaderStorageImageMultisample are a huge red flag
	//	   (MSAA + Storage is rarely needed).
	//	3. Most features when turned off aren't actually off (we just promise the driver not to use them)
	//	   and it is validation what will complain. This allows us to target a minimum baseline.
	//
	// TODO: Allow the user to override these settings (i.e. turn off more stuff) using profiles
	// so they can target a broad range of HW. For example Mali HW does not have
	// shaderClipDistance/shaderCullDistance; thus validation would complain if such feature is used;
	// allowing them to fix the problem without even owning Mali HW to test on.
	//
	// The excluded features are:
	// - robustBufferAccess (can hamper performance on some hardware)
	// - occlusionQueryPrecise
	// - pipelineStatisticsQuery
	// - shaderStorageImageMultisample (unsupported by Intel Arc, prevents from using MSAA storage accidentally)
	// - shaderResourceResidency
	// - sparseBinding (we don't use sparse features and enabling them cause extra internal allocations inside the Vulkan driver we don't need)
	// - sparseResidencyBuffer
	// - sparseResidencyImage2D
	// - sparseResidencyImage3D
	// - sparseResidency2Samples
	// - sparseResidency4Samples
	// - sparseResidency8Samples
	// - sparseResidency16Samples
	// - sparseResidencyAliased
	// - inheritedQueries

#define VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(x)                             \
	if (physical_device_features.x) {                             \
		requested_device_features.x = physical_device_features.x; \
	} else                                                        \
		((void)0)

	requested_device_features = {};
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(fullDrawIndexUint32);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(imageCubeArray);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(independentBlend);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(geometryShader);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(tessellationShader);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(sampleRateShading);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(dualSrcBlend);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(logicOp);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(multiDrawIndirect);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(drawIndirectFirstInstance);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(depthClamp);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(depthBiasClamp);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(fillModeNonSolid);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(depthBounds);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(wideLines);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(largePoints);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(alphaToOne);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(multiViewport);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(samplerAnisotropy);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(textureCompressionETC2);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(textureCompressionASTC_LDR);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(textureCompressionBC);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(vertexPipelineStoresAndAtomics);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(fragmentStoresAndAtomics);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderTessellationAndGeometryPointSize);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderImageGatherExtended);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderStorageImageReadWithoutFormat);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderStorageImageWriteWithoutFormat);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderUniformBufferArrayDynamicIndexing);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderSampledImageArrayDynamicIndexing);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderStorageBufferArrayDynamicIndexing);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderStorageImageArrayDynamicIndexing);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderClipDistance);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderCullDistance);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderFloat64);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderInt64);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderInt16);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(shaderResourceMinLod);
	VK_DEVICEFEATURE_ENABLE_IF(variableMultisampleRate);

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_check_device_capabilities() {
	// Fill device family and version.
	device_capabilities.device_family = DEVICE_VULKAN;
	device_capabilities.version_major = VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(physical_device_properties.apiVersion);
	device_capabilities.version_minor = VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(physical_device_properties.apiVersion);

	// References:
	// https://www.khronos.org/registry/vulkan/specs/1.2-extensions/man/html/VK_KHR_multiview.html
	// https://www.khronos.org/blog/vulkan-subgroup-tutorial
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (functions.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 != nullptr) {
		// We must check that the corresponding extension is present before assuming a feature as enabled.
		// See also: https://github.com/godotengine/godot/issues/65409

		void *next_features = nullptr;
		VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan12Features device_features_vk_1_2 = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR shader_features = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateFeaturesKHR vrs_features = {};
		VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeaturesKHR storage_feature = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures multiview_features = {};
		VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures pipeline_cache_control_features = {};

		const bool use_1_2_features = physical_device_properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
		if (use_1_2_features) {
			device_features_vk_1_2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_2_FEATURES;
			device_features_vk_1_2.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &device_features_vk_1_2;
		} else if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			shader_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_FEATURES_KHR;
			shader_features.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &shader_features;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			vrs_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_FEATURES_KHR;
			vrs_features.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &vrs_features;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_16BIT_STORAGE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			storage_feature.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES_KHR;
			storage_feature.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &storage_feature;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_MULTIVIEW_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			multiview_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES;
			multiview_features.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &multiview_features;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			pipeline_cache_control_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_FEATURES;
			pipeline_cache_control_features.pNext = next_features;
			next_features = &pipeline_cache_control_features;
		}

		VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 device_features_2 = {};
		device_features_2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
		device_features_2.pNext = next_features;
		functions.GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(physical_device, &device_features_2);

		if (use_1_2_features) {
#ifdef MACOS_ENABLED
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(!device_features_vk_1_2.shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "Your GPU doesn't support shaderSampledImageArrayNonUniformIndexing which is required to use the Vulkan-based renderers in Godot.");
#endif
			if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
				shader_capabilities.shader_float16_is_supported = device_features_vk_1_2.shaderFloat16;
				shader_capabilities.shader_int8_is_supported = device_features_vk_1_2.shaderInt8;
			}
		} else {
			if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
				shader_capabilities.shader_float16_is_supported = shader_features.shaderFloat16;
				shader_capabilities.shader_int8_is_supported = shader_features.shaderInt8;
			}
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			vrs_capabilities.pipeline_vrs_supported = vrs_features.pipelineFragmentShadingRate;
			vrs_capabilities.primitive_vrs_supported = vrs_features.primitiveFragmentShadingRate;
			vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported = vrs_features.attachmentFragmentShadingRate;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_MULTIVIEW_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			multiview_capabilities.is_supported = multiview_features.multiview;
			multiview_capabilities.geometry_shader_is_supported = multiview_features.multiviewGeometryShader;
			multiview_capabilities.tessellation_shader_is_supported = multiview_features.multiviewTessellationShader;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_16BIT_STORAGE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported = storage_feature.storageBuffer16BitAccess;
			storage_buffer_capabilities.uniform_and_storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported = storage_feature.uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess;
			storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_push_constant_16_is_supported = storage_feature.storagePushConstant16;
			storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_input_output_16 = storage_feature.storageInputOutput16;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			pipeline_cache_control_support = pipeline_cache_control_features.pipelineCreationCacheControl;
		}

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			device_fault_support = true;
		}
#if defined(VK_TRACK_DEVICE_MEMORY)
		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_DEVICE_MEMORY_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			device_memory_report_support = true;
		}
#endif
	}

	if (functions.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2 != nullptr) {
		void *next_properties = nullptr;
		VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRatePropertiesKHR vrs_properties = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewProperties multiview_properties = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupProperties subgroup_properties = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceSubgroupSizeControlProperties subgroup_size_control_properties = {};
		VkPhysicalDeviceProperties2 physical_device_properties_2 = {};

		const bool use_1_1_properties = physical_device_properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1;
		if (use_1_1_properties) {
			subgroup_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_PROPERTIES;
			subgroup_properties.pNext = next_properties;
			next_properties = &subgroup_properties;

			subgroup_capabilities.size_control_is_supported = enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_EXTENSION_NAME);
			if (subgroup_capabilities.size_control_is_supported) {
				subgroup_size_control_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SUBGROUP_SIZE_CONTROL_PROPERTIES;
				subgroup_size_control_properties.pNext = next_properties;
				next_properties = &subgroup_size_control_properties;
			}
		}

		if (multiview_capabilities.is_supported) {
			multiview_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_PROPERTIES;
			multiview_properties.pNext = next_properties;
			next_properties = &multiview_properties;
		}

		if (vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported) {
			vrs_properties.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_PROPERTIES_KHR;
			vrs_properties.pNext = next_properties;
			next_properties = &vrs_properties;
		}

		physical_device_properties_2.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2;
		physical_device_properties_2.pNext = next_properties;
		functions.GetPhysicalDeviceProperties2(physical_device, &physical_device_properties_2);

		subgroup_capabilities.size = subgroup_properties.subgroupSize;
		subgroup_capabilities.min_size = subgroup_properties.subgroupSize;
		subgroup_capabilities.max_size = subgroup_properties.subgroupSize;
		subgroup_capabilities.supported_stages = subgroup_properties.supportedStages;
		subgroup_capabilities.supported_operations = subgroup_properties.supportedOperations;

		// Note: quadOperationsInAllStages will be true if:
		// - supportedStages has VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS + VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT.
		// - supportedOperations has VK_SUBGROUP_FEATURE_QUAD_BIT.
		subgroup_capabilities.quad_operations_in_all_stages = subgroup_properties.quadOperationsInAllStages;

		if (subgroup_capabilities.size_control_is_supported && (subgroup_size_control_properties.requiredSubgroupSizeStages & VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT)) {
			subgroup_capabilities.min_size = subgroup_size_control_properties.minSubgroupSize;
			subgroup_capabilities.max_size = subgroup_size_control_properties.maxSubgroupSize;
		}

		if (vrs_capabilities.pipeline_vrs_supported || vrs_capabilities.primitive_vrs_supported || vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported) {
			print_verbose("- Vulkan Variable Rate Shading supported:");
			if (vrs_capabilities.pipeline_vrs_supported) {
				print_verbose("  Pipeline fragment shading rate");
			}
			if (vrs_capabilities.primitive_vrs_supported) {
				print_verbose("  Primitive fragment shading rate");
			}
			if (vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported) {
				// TODO: Expose these somehow to the end user.
				vrs_capabilities.min_texel_size.x = vrs_properties.minFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.width;
				vrs_capabilities.min_texel_size.y = vrs_properties.minFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.height;
				vrs_capabilities.max_texel_size.x = vrs_properties.maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.width;
				vrs_capabilities.max_texel_size.y = vrs_properties.maxFragmentShadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.height;
				vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.x = vrs_properties.maxFragmentSize.width; // either 4 or 8
				vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.y = vrs_properties.maxFragmentSize.height; // generally the same as width

				// We'll attempt to default to a texel size of 16x16.
				vrs_capabilities.texel_size = Vector2i(16, 16).clamp(vrs_capabilities.min_texel_size, vrs_capabilities.max_texel_size);

				print_verbose(String("  Attachment fragment shading rate") + String(", min texel size: (") + itos(vrs_capabilities.min_texel_size.x) + String(", ") + itos(vrs_capabilities.min_texel_size.y) + String(")") + String(", max texel size: (") + itos(vrs_capabilities.max_texel_size.x) + String(", ") + itos(vrs_capabilities.max_texel_size.y) + String(")") + String(", max fragment size: (") + itos(vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.x) + String(", ") + itos(vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.y) + String(")"));
			}

		} else {
			print_verbose("- Vulkan Variable Rate Shading not supported");
		}

		if (multiview_capabilities.is_supported) {
			multiview_capabilities.max_view_count = multiview_properties.maxMultiviewViewCount;
			multiview_capabilities.max_instance_count = multiview_properties.maxMultiviewInstanceIndex;

			print_verbose("- Vulkan multiview supported:");
			print_verbose("  max view count: " + itos(multiview_capabilities.max_view_count));
			print_verbose("  max instances: " + itos(multiview_capabilities.max_instance_count));
		} else {
			print_verbose("- Vulkan multiview not supported");
		}

		print_verbose("- Vulkan subgroup:");
		print_verbose("  size: " + itos(subgroup_capabilities.size));
		print_verbose("  min size: " + itos(subgroup_capabilities.min_size));
		print_verbose("  max size: " + itos(subgroup_capabilities.max_size));
		print_verbose("  stages: " + subgroup_capabilities.supported_stages_desc());
		print_verbose("  supported ops: " + subgroup_capabilities.supported_operations_desc());
		if (subgroup_capabilities.quad_operations_in_all_stages) {
			print_verbose("  quad operations in all stages");
		}
	}

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_add_queue_create_info(LocalVector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> &r_queue_create_info) {
	uint32_t queue_family_count = queue_family_properties.size();
	queue_families.resize(queue_family_count);

	VkQueueFlags queue_flags_mask = VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT | VK_QUEUE_COMPUTE_BIT | VK_QUEUE_TRANSFER_BIT;
	const uint32_t max_queue_count_per_family = 1;
	static const float queue_priorities[max_queue_count_per_family] = {};
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_family_count; i++) {
		if ((queue_family_properties[i].queueFlags & queue_flags_mask) == 0) {
			// We ignore creating queues in families that don't support any of the operations we require.
			continue;
		}

		VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo create_info = {};
		create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
		create_info.queueFamilyIndex = i;
		create_info.queueCount = MIN(queue_family_properties[i].queueCount, max_queue_count_per_family);
		create_info.pQueuePriorities = queue_priorities;
		r_queue_create_info.push_back(create_info);

		// Prepare the vectors where the queues will be filled out.
		queue_families[i].resize(create_info.queueCount);
	}

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_initialize_device(const LocalVector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> &p_queue_create_info) {
	TightLocalVector<const char *> enabled_extension_names;
	enabled_extension_names.reserve(enabled_device_extension_names.size());
	for (const CharString &extension_name : enabled_device_extension_names) {
		enabled_extension_names.push_back(extension_name.ptr());
	}

	void *create_info_next = nullptr;
	VkPhysicalDeviceShaderFloat16Int8FeaturesKHR shader_features = {};
	shader_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SHADER_FLOAT16_INT8_FEATURES_KHR;
	shader_features.pNext = create_info_next;
	shader_features.shaderFloat16 = shader_capabilities.shader_float16_is_supported;
	shader_features.shaderInt8 = shader_capabilities.shader_int8_is_supported;
	create_info_next = &shader_features;

	VkPhysicalDeviceFragmentShadingRateFeaturesKHR vrs_features = {};
	if (vrs_capabilities.pipeline_vrs_supported || vrs_capabilities.primitive_vrs_supported || vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported) {
		vrs_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_FEATURES_KHR;
		vrs_features.pNext = create_info_next;
		vrs_features.pipelineFragmentShadingRate = vrs_capabilities.pipeline_vrs_supported;
		vrs_features.primitiveFragmentShadingRate = vrs_capabilities.primitive_vrs_supported;
		vrs_features.attachmentFragmentShadingRate = vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported;
		create_info_next = &vrs_features;
	}

	VkPhysicalDevicePipelineCreationCacheControlFeatures pipeline_cache_control_features = {};
	if (pipeline_cache_control_support) {
		pipeline_cache_control_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PIPELINE_CREATION_CACHE_CONTROL_FEATURES;
		pipeline_cache_control_features.pNext = create_info_next;
		pipeline_cache_control_features.pipelineCreationCacheControl = pipeline_cache_control_support;
		create_info_next = &pipeline_cache_control_features;
	}

	VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT device_fault_features = {};
	if (device_fault_support) {
		device_fault_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT;
		device_fault_features.pNext = create_info_next;
		create_info_next = &device_fault_features;
	}

#if defined(VK_TRACK_DEVICE_MEMORY)
	VkDeviceDeviceMemoryReportCreateInfoEXT memory_report_info = {};
	if (device_memory_report_support) {
		memory_report_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_DEVICE_MEMORY_REPORT_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
		memory_report_info.pfnUserCallback = RenderingContextDriverVulkan::memory_report_callback;
		memory_report_info.pNext = create_info_next;
		memory_report_info.flags = 0;
		memory_report_info.pUserData = this;

		create_info_next = &memory_report_info;
	}
#endif

	VkPhysicalDeviceVulkan11Features vulkan_1_1_features = {};
	VkPhysicalDevice16BitStorageFeaturesKHR storage_features = {};
	VkPhysicalDeviceMultiviewFeatures multiview_features = {};
	const bool enable_1_2_features = physical_device_properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_2;
	if (enable_1_2_features) {
		// In Vulkan 1.2 and newer we use a newer struct to enable various features.
		vulkan_1_1_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_VULKAN_1_1_FEATURES;
		vulkan_1_1_features.pNext = create_info_next;
		vulkan_1_1_features.storageBuffer16BitAccess = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess = storage_buffer_capabilities.uniform_and_storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.storagePushConstant16 = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_push_constant_16_is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.storageInputOutput16 = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_input_output_16;
		vulkan_1_1_features.multiview = multiview_capabilities.is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.multiviewGeometryShader = multiview_capabilities.geometry_shader_is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.multiviewTessellationShader = multiview_capabilities.tessellation_shader_is_supported;
		vulkan_1_1_features.variablePointersStorageBuffer = 0;
		vulkan_1_1_features.variablePointers = 0;
		vulkan_1_1_features.protectedMemory = 0;
		vulkan_1_1_features.samplerYcbcrConversion = 0;
		vulkan_1_1_features.shaderDrawParameters = 0;
		create_info_next = &vulkan_1_1_features;
	} else {
		// On Vulkan 1.0 and 1.1 we use our older structs to initialize these features.
		storage_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_16BIT_STORAGE_FEATURES_KHR;
		storage_features.pNext = create_info_next;
		storage_features.storageBuffer16BitAccess = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported;
		storage_features.uniformAndStorageBuffer16BitAccess = storage_buffer_capabilities.uniform_and_storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported;
		storage_features.storagePushConstant16 = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_push_constant_16_is_supported;
		storage_features.storageInputOutput16 = storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_input_output_16;
		create_info_next = &storage_features;

		const bool enable_1_1_features = physical_device_properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_1;
		if (enable_1_1_features) {
			multiview_features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_MULTIVIEW_FEATURES;
			multiview_features.pNext = create_info_next;
			multiview_features.multiview = multiview_capabilities.is_supported;
			multiview_features.multiviewGeometryShader = multiview_capabilities.geometry_shader_is_supported;
			multiview_features.multiviewTessellationShader = multiview_capabilities.tessellation_shader_is_supported;
			create_info_next = &multiview_features;
		}
	}

	VkDeviceCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
	create_info.pNext = create_info_next;
	create_info.queueCreateInfoCount = p_queue_create_info.size();
	create_info.pQueueCreateInfos = p_queue_create_info.ptr();
	create_info.enabledExtensionCount = enabled_extension_names.size();
	create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = enabled_extension_names.ptr();
	create_info.pEnabledFeatures = &requested_device_features;

	if (VulkanHooks::get_singleton() != nullptr) {
		bool device_created = VulkanHooks::get_singleton()->create_vulkan_device(&create_info, &vk_device);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!device_created, ERR_CANT_CREATE);
	} else {
		VkResult err = vkCreateDevice(physical_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE), &vk_device);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_families.size(); i++) {
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < queue_families[i].size(); j++) {
			vkGetDeviceQueue(vk_device, i, j, &queue_families[i][j].queue);
		}
	}

	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (functions.GetDeviceProcAddr != nullptr) {
		device_functions.CreateSwapchainKHR = PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkCreateSwapchainKHR"));
		device_functions.DestroySwapchainKHR = PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkDestroySwapchainKHR"));
		device_functions.GetSwapchainImagesKHR = PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR"));
		device_functions.AcquireNextImageKHR = PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkAcquireNextImageKHR"));
		device_functions.QueuePresentKHR = PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkQueuePresentKHR"));

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_CREATE_RENDERPASS_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			device_functions.CreateRenderPass2KHR = PFN_vkCreateRenderPass2KHR(functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkCreateRenderPass2KHR"));
		}

		// Debug marker extensions.
		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_EXT_DEBUG_MARKER_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			device_functions.CmdDebugMarkerBeginEXT = (PFN_vkCmdDebugMarkerBeginEXT)functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkCmdDebugMarkerBeginEXT");
			device_functions.CmdDebugMarkerEndEXT = (PFN_vkCmdDebugMarkerEndEXT)functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkCmdDebugMarkerEndEXT");
			device_functions.CmdDebugMarkerInsertEXT = (PFN_vkCmdDebugMarkerInsertEXT)functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkCmdDebugMarkerInsertEXT");
			device_functions.DebugMarkerSetObjectNameEXT = (PFN_vkDebugMarkerSetObjectNameEXT)functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkDebugMarkerSetObjectNameEXT");
		}

		// Debug device fault extension.
		if (device_fault_support) {
			device_functions.GetDeviceFaultInfoEXT = (PFN_vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT)functions.GetDeviceProcAddr(vk_device, "vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT");
		}
	}

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_initialize_allocator() {
	VmaAllocatorCreateInfo allocator_info = {};
	allocator_info.physicalDevice = physical_device;
	allocator_info.device = vk_device;
	allocator_info.instance = context_driver->instance_get();
	const bool use_1_3_features = physical_device_properties.apiVersion >= VK_API_VERSION_1_3;
	if (use_1_3_features) {
		allocator_info.flags |= VMA_ALLOCATOR_CREATE_KHR_MAINTENANCE5_BIT;
	}
	VkResult err = vmaCreateAllocator(&allocator_info, &allocator);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, ERR_CANT_CREATE, "vmaCreateAllocator failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return OK;
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_initialize_pipeline_cache() {
	pipelines_cache.buffer.resize(sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader));
	PipelineCacheHeader *header = (PipelineCacheHeader *)(pipelines_cache.buffer.ptrw());
	*header = {};
	header->magic = 868 + VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_HEADER_VERSION_ONE;
	header->device_id = physical_device_properties.deviceID;
	header->vendor_id = physical_device_properties.vendorID;
	header->driver_version = physical_device_properties.driverVersion;
	memcpy(header->uuid, physical_device_properties.pipelineCacheUUID, VK_UUID_SIZE);
	header->driver_abi = sizeof(void *);

	pipeline_cache_id = String::hex_encode_buffer(physical_device_properties.pipelineCacheUUID, VK_UUID_SIZE);
	pipeline_cache_id += "-driver-" + itos(physical_device_properties.driverVersion);

	return OK;
}

static void _convert_subpass_attachments(const VkAttachmentReference2 *p_attachment_references_2, uint32_t p_attachment_references_count, TightLocalVector<VkAttachmentReference> &r_attachment_references) {
	r_attachment_references.resize(p_attachment_references_count);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_attachment_references_count; i++) {
		// Ignore sType, pNext and aspectMask (which is currently unused).
		r_attachment_references[i].attachment = p_attachment_references_2[i].attachment;
		r_attachment_references[i].layout = p_attachment_references_2[i].layout;
	}
}

VkResult RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_create_render_pass(VkDevice p_device, const VkRenderPassCreateInfo2 *p_create_info, const VkAllocationCallbacks *p_allocator, VkRenderPass *p_render_pass) {
	if (device_functions.CreateRenderPass2KHR != nullptr) {
		return device_functions.CreateRenderPass2KHR(p_device, p_create_info, p_allocator, p_render_pass);
	} else {
		// Compatibility fallback with regular create render pass but by converting the inputs from the newer version to the older one.
		TightLocalVector<VkAttachmentDescription> attachments;
		attachments.resize(p_create_info->attachmentCount);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_create_info->attachmentCount; i++) {
			// Ignores sType and pNext from the attachment.
			const VkAttachmentDescription2 &src = p_create_info->pAttachments[i];
			VkAttachmentDescription &dst = attachments[i];
			dst.flags = src.flags;
			dst.format = src.format;
			dst.samples = src.samples;
			dst.loadOp = src.loadOp;
			dst.storeOp = src.storeOp;
			dst.stencilLoadOp = src.stencilLoadOp;
			dst.stencilStoreOp = src.stencilStoreOp;
			dst.initialLayout = src.initialLayout;
			dst.finalLayout = src.finalLayout;
		}

		const uint32_t attachment_vectors_per_subpass = 4;
		TightLocalVector<TightLocalVector<VkAttachmentReference>> subpasses_attachments;
		TightLocalVector<VkSubpassDescription> subpasses;
		subpasses_attachments.resize(p_create_info->subpassCount * attachment_vectors_per_subpass);
		subpasses.resize(p_create_info->subpassCount);

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_create_info->subpassCount; i++) {
			const uint32_t vector_base_index = i * attachment_vectors_per_subpass;
			const uint32_t input_attachments_index = vector_base_index + 0;
			const uint32_t color_attachments_index = vector_base_index + 1;
			const uint32_t resolve_attachments_index = vector_base_index + 2;
			const uint32_t depth_attachment_index = vector_base_index + 3;
			_convert_subpass_attachments(p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pInputAttachments, p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].inputAttachmentCount, subpasses_attachments[input_attachments_index]);
			_convert_subpass_attachments(p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pColorAttachments, p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount, subpasses_attachments[color_attachments_index]);
			_convert_subpass_attachments(p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pResolveAttachments, (p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pResolveAttachments != nullptr) ? p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount : 0, subpasses_attachments[resolve_attachments_index]);
			_convert_subpass_attachments(p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment, (p_create_info->pSubpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment != nullptr) ? 1 : 0, subpasses_attachments[depth_attachment_index]);

			// Ignores sType and pNext from the subpass.
			const VkSubpassDescription2 &src_subpass = p_create_info->pSubpasses[i];
			VkSubpassDescription &dst_subpass = subpasses[i];
			dst_subpass.flags = src_subpass.flags;
			dst_subpass.pipelineBindPoint = src_subpass.pipelineBindPoint;
			dst_subpass.inputAttachmentCount = src_subpass.inputAttachmentCount;
			dst_subpass.pInputAttachments = subpasses_attachments[input_attachments_index].ptr();
			dst_subpass.colorAttachmentCount = src_subpass.colorAttachmentCount;
			dst_subpass.pColorAttachments = subpasses_attachments[color_attachments_index].ptr();
			dst_subpass.pResolveAttachments = subpasses_attachments[resolve_attachments_index].ptr();
			dst_subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = subpasses_attachments[depth_attachment_index].ptr();
			dst_subpass.preserveAttachmentCount = src_subpass.preserveAttachmentCount;
			dst_subpass.pPreserveAttachments = src_subpass.pPreserveAttachments;
		}

		TightLocalVector<VkSubpassDependency> dependencies;
		dependencies.resize(p_create_info->dependencyCount);

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_create_info->dependencyCount; i++) {
			// Ignores sType and pNext from the dependency, and viewMask which is currently unused.
			const VkSubpassDependency2 &src_dependency = p_create_info->pDependencies[i];
			VkSubpassDependency &dst_dependency = dependencies[i];
			dst_dependency.srcSubpass = src_dependency.srcSubpass;
			dst_dependency.dstSubpass = src_dependency.dstSubpass;
			dst_dependency.srcStageMask = src_dependency.srcStageMask;
			dst_dependency.dstStageMask = src_dependency.dstStageMask;
			dst_dependency.srcAccessMask = src_dependency.srcAccessMask;
			dst_dependency.dstAccessMask = src_dependency.dstAccessMask;
			dst_dependency.dependencyFlags = src_dependency.dependencyFlags;
		}

		VkRenderPassCreateInfo create_info = {};
		create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
		create_info.pNext = p_create_info->pNext;
		create_info.flags = p_create_info->flags;
		create_info.attachmentCount = attachments.size();
		create_info.pAttachments = attachments.ptr();
		create_info.subpassCount = subpasses.size();
		create_info.pSubpasses = subpasses.ptr();
		create_info.dependencyCount = dependencies.size();
		create_info.pDependencies = dependencies.ptr();
		return vkCreateRenderPass(vk_device, &create_info, p_allocator, p_render_pass);
	}
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_release_image_semaphore(CommandQueue *p_command_queue, uint32_t p_semaphore_index, bool p_release_on_swap_chain) {
	SwapChain *swap_chain = p_command_queue->image_semaphores_swap_chains[p_semaphore_index];
	if (swap_chain != nullptr) {
		// Clear the swap chain from the command queue's vector.
		p_command_queue->image_semaphores_swap_chains[p_semaphore_index] = nullptr;

		if (p_release_on_swap_chain) {
			// Remove the acquired semaphore from the swap chain's vectors.
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swap_chain->command_queues_acquired.size(); i++) {
				if (swap_chain->command_queues_acquired[i] == p_command_queue && swap_chain->command_queues_acquired_semaphores[i] == p_semaphore_index) {
					swap_chain->command_queues_acquired.remove_at(i);
					swap_chain->command_queues_acquired_semaphores.remove_at(i);
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_recreate_image_semaphore(CommandQueue *p_command_queue, uint32_t p_semaphore_index, bool p_release_on_swap_chain) {
	_release_image_semaphore(p_command_queue, p_semaphore_index, p_release_on_swap_chain);

	VkSemaphore semaphore;
	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
	VkResult err = vkCreateSemaphore(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE), &semaphore);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, false);

	// Indicate the semaphore is free again and destroy the previous one before storing the new one.
	vkDestroySemaphore(vk_device, p_command_queue->image_semaphores[p_semaphore_index], VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE));

	p_command_queue->image_semaphores[p_semaphore_index] = semaphore;
	p_command_queue->free_image_semaphores.push_back(p_semaphore_index);

	return true;
}
// Debug marker extensions.
VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_convert_to_debug_report_objectType(VkObjectType p_object_type) {
	switch (p_object_type) {
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_UNKNOWN_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_INSTANCE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUEUE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_QUEUE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE_MEMORY_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_EVENT:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_EVENT_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_UPDATE_TEMPLATE_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SURFACE_KHR:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SURFACE_KHR_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_KHR:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_KHR_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DISPLAY_KHR:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DISPLAY_KHR_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DISPLAY_MODE_KHR:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DISPLAY_MODE_KHR_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_EXT:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_EXT_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_CU_MODULE_NVX:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_CU_MODULE_NVX_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_CU_FUNCTION_NVX:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_CU_FUNCTION_NVX_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_KHR_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_VALIDATION_CACHE_EXT:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_VALIDATION_CACHE_EXT_EXT;
		case VK_OBJECT_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV:
			return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_NV_EXT;
		default:
			break;
	}

	return VK_DEBUG_REPORT_OBJECT_TYPE_UNKNOWN_EXT;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_set_object_name(VkObjectType p_object_type, uint64_t p_object_handle, String p_object_name) {
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (functions.SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT != nullptr) {
		CharString obj_data = p_object_name.utf8();
		VkDebugUtilsObjectNameInfoEXT name_info;
		name_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT;
		name_info.pNext = nullptr;
		name_info.objectType = p_object_type;
		name_info.objectHandle = p_object_handle;
		name_info.pObjectName = obj_data.get_data();
		functions.SetDebugUtilsObjectNameEXT(vk_device, &name_info);
	} else if (functions.DebugMarkerSetObjectNameEXT != nullptr) {
		// Debug marker extensions.
		CharString obj_data = p_object_name.utf8();
		VkDebugMarkerObjectNameInfoEXT name_info;
		name_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_OBJECT_NAME_INFO_EXT;
		name_info.pNext = nullptr;
		name_info.objectType = _convert_to_debug_report_objectType(p_object_type);
		name_info.object = p_object_handle;
		name_info.pObjectName = obj_data.get_data();
		functions.DebugMarkerSetObjectNameEXT(vk_device, &name_info);
	}
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::initialize(uint32_t p_device_index, uint32_t p_frame_count) {
	context_device = context_driver->device_get(p_device_index);
	physical_device = context_driver->physical_device_get(p_device_index);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physical_device, &physical_device_properties);

	frame_count = p_frame_count;

	// Copy the queue family properties the context already retrieved.
	uint32_t queue_family_count = context_driver->queue_family_get_count(p_device_index);
	queue_family_properties.resize(queue_family_count);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_family_count; i++) {
		queue_family_properties[i] = context_driver->queue_family_get(p_device_index, i);
	}

	Error err = _initialize_device_extensions();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	err = _check_device_features();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	err = _check_device_capabilities();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	LocalVector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queue_create_info;
	err = _add_queue_create_info(queue_create_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	err = _initialize_device(queue_create_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	err = _initialize_allocator();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	err = _initialize_pipeline_cache();
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != OK, err);

	max_descriptor_sets_per_pool = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/rendering_device/vulkan/max_descriptors_per_pool");
	breadcrumb_buffer = buffer_create(sizeof(uint32_t), BufferUsageBits::BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_TO_BIT, MemoryAllocationType::MEMORY_ALLOCATION_TYPE_CPU);

	return OK;
}

/****************/
/**** MEMORY ****/
/****************/

static const uint32_t SMALL_ALLOCATION_MAX_SIZE = 4096;

VmaPool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_find_or_create_small_allocs_pool(uint32_t p_mem_type_index) {
	if (small_allocs_pools.has(p_mem_type_index)) {
		return small_allocs_pools[p_mem_type_index];
	}

	print_verbose("Creating VMA small objects pool for memory type index " + itos(p_mem_type_index));

	VmaPoolCreateInfo pci = {};
	pci.memoryTypeIndex = p_mem_type_index;
	pci.flags = 0;
	pci.blockSize = 0;
	pci.minBlockCount = 0;
	pci.maxBlockCount = SIZE_MAX;
	pci.priority = 0.5f;
	pci.minAllocationAlignment = 0;
	pci.pMemoryAllocateNext = nullptr;
	VmaPool pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = vmaCreatePool(allocator, &pci, &pool);
	small_allocs_pools[p_mem_type_index] = pool; // Don't try to create it again if failed the first time.
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, pool, "vmaCreatePool failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");

	return pool;
}

/*****************/
/**** BUFFERS ****/
/*****************/

// RDD::BufferUsageBits == VkBufferUsageFlagBits.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_FROM_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_TO_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_TEXEL_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_STORAGE_BUFFER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BIT, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDIRECT_BUFFER_BIT));

RDD::BufferID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_create(uint64_t p_size, BitField<BufferUsageBits> p_usage, MemoryAllocationType p_allocation_type) {
	VkBufferCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	create_info.size = p_size;
	create_info.usage = p_usage;
	create_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

	VmaAllocationCreateInfo alloc_create_info = {};
	switch (p_allocation_type) {
		case MEMORY_ALLOCATION_TYPE_CPU: {
			bool is_src = p_usage.has_flag(BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_FROM_BIT);
			bool is_dst = p_usage.has_flag(BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_TO_BIT);
			if (is_src && !is_dst) {
				// Looks like a staging buffer: CPU maps, writes sequentially, then GPU copies to VRAM.
				alloc_create_info.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_SEQUENTIAL_WRITE_BIT;
			}
			if (is_dst && !is_src) {
				// Looks like a readback buffer: GPU copies from VRAM, then CPU maps and reads.
				alloc_create_info.flags = VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT;
			}
			alloc_create_info.requiredFlags = (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT);
		} break;
		case MEMORY_ALLOCATION_TYPE_GPU: {
			alloc_create_info.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
			if (p_size <= SMALL_ALLOCATION_MAX_SIZE) {
				uint32_t mem_type_index = 0;
				vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForBufferInfo(allocator, &create_info, &alloc_create_info, &mem_type_index);
				alloc_create_info.pool = _find_or_create_small_allocs_pool(mem_type_index);
			}
		} break;
	}

	VkBuffer vk_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
	VmaAllocationInfo alloc_info = {};

	VkResult err = vkCreateBuffer(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER), &vk_buffer);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, BufferID(), "Can't create buffer of size: " + itos(p_size) + ", error " + itos(err) + ".");
	err = vmaAllocateMemoryForBuffer(allocator, vk_buffer, &alloc_create_info, &allocation, &alloc_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, BufferID(), "Can't allocate memory for buffer of size: " + itos(p_size) + ", error " + itos(err) + ".");
	err = vmaBindBufferMemory2(allocator, allocation, 0, vk_buffer, NULL);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, BufferID(), "Can't bind memory to buffer of size: " + itos(p_size) + ", error " + itos(err) + ".");

	// Bookkeep.
	BufferInfo *buf_info = VersatileResource::allocate<BufferInfo>(resources_allocator);
	buf_info->vk_buffer = vk_buffer;
	buf_info->allocation.handle = allocation;
	buf_info->allocation.size = alloc_info.size;
	buf_info->size = p_size;

	return BufferID(buf_info);
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_set_texel_format(BufferID p_buffer, DataFormat p_format) {
	BufferInfo *buf_info = (BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;

	DEV_ASSERT(!buf_info->vk_view);

	VkBufferViewCreateInfo view_create_info = {};
	view_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	view_create_info.buffer = buf_info->vk_buffer;
	view_create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format];
	view_create_info.range = buf_info->allocation.size;

	VkResult res = vkCreateBufferView(vk_device, &view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW), &buf_info->vk_view);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, false, "Unable to create buffer view, error " + itos(res) + ".");

	return true;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_free(BufferID p_buffer) {
	BufferInfo *buf_info = (BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	if (buf_info->vk_view) {
		vkDestroyBufferView(vk_device, buf_info->vk_view, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW));
	}

	vkDestroyBuffer(vk_device, buf_info->vk_buffer, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER));
	vmaFreeMemory(allocator, buf_info->allocation.handle);

	VersatileResource::free(resources_allocator, buf_info);
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_get_allocation_size(BufferID p_buffer) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	return buf_info->allocation.size;
}

uint8_t *RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_map(BufferID p_buffer) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	void *data_ptr = nullptr;
	VkResult err = vmaMapMemory(allocator, buf_info->allocation.handle, &data_ptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, nullptr, "vmaMapMemory failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	return (uint8_t *)data_ptr;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::buffer_unmap(BufferID p_buffer) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, buf_info->allocation.handle);
}

/*****************/
/**** TEXTURE ****/
/*****************/

static const VkImageType RD_TEX_TYPE_TO_VK_IMG_TYPE[RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_MAX] = {
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_3D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_1D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
	VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D,
};

static const VkSampleCountFlagBits RD_TO_VK_SAMPLE_COUNT[RDD::TEXTURE_SAMPLES_MAX] = {
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT,
	VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT,
};

// RDD::TextureType == VkImageViewType.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_1D, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_2D, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_3D, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_CUBE, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_1D_ARRAY, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_1D_ARRAY));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_2D_ARRAY, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY, VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY));

// RDD::TextureSwizzle == VkComponentSwizzle.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_ZERO, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ZERO));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_ONE, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_ONE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_R, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_G, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_B, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_SWIZZLE_A, VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A));

// RDD::TextureAspectBits == VkImageAspectFlagBits.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::TEXTURE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT));

VkSampleCountFlagBits RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_ensure_supported_sample_count(TextureSamples p_requested_sample_count) {
	VkSampleCountFlags sample_count_flags = (physical_device_properties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts & physical_device_properties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts);

	if ((sample_count_flags & RD_TO_VK_SAMPLE_COUNT[p_requested_sample_count])) {
		// The requested sample count is supported.
		return RD_TO_VK_SAMPLE_COUNT[p_requested_sample_count];
	} else {
		// Find the closest lower supported sample count.
		VkSampleCountFlagBits sample_count = RD_TO_VK_SAMPLE_COUNT[p_requested_sample_count];
		while (sample_count > VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT) {
			if (sample_count_flags & sample_count) {
				return sample_count;
			}
			sample_count = (VkSampleCountFlagBits)(sample_count >> 1);
		}
	}
	return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
}

RDD::TextureID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_create(const TextureFormat &p_format, const TextureView &p_view) {
	VkImageCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;

	if (p_format.shareable_formats.size()) {
		create_info.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_MUTABLE_FORMAT_BIT;

		if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
			VkFormat *vk_allowed_formats = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkFormat, p_format.shareable_formats.size());
			for (int i = 0; i < p_format.shareable_formats.size(); i++) {
				vk_allowed_formats[i] = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format.shareable_formats[i]];
			}

			VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR *format_list_create_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkImageFormatListCreateInfoKHR);
			*format_list_create_info = {};
			format_list_create_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
			format_list_create_info->viewFormatCount = p_format.shareable_formats.size();
			format_list_create_info->pViewFormats = vk_allowed_formats;

			create_info.pNext = format_list_create_info;
		}
	}

	if (p_format.texture_type == TEXTURE_TYPE_CUBE || p_format.texture_type == TEXTURE_TYPE_CUBE_ARRAY) {
		create_info.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CUBE_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
	}
	/*if (p_format.texture_type == TEXTURE_TYPE_2D || p_format.texture_type == TEXTURE_TYPE_2D_ARRAY) {
		create_info.flags |= VK_IMAGE_CREATE_2D_ARRAY_COMPATIBLE_BIT;
	}*/

	create_info.imageType = RD_TEX_TYPE_TO_VK_IMG_TYPE[p_format.texture_type];

	create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format.format];

	create_info.extent.width = p_format.width;
	create_info.extent.height = p_format.height;
	create_info.extent.depth = p_format.depth;

	create_info.mipLevels = p_format.mipmaps;
	create_info.arrayLayers = p_format.array_layers;

	create_info.samples = _ensure_supported_sample_count(p_format.samples);
	create_info.tiling = (p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_CPU_READ_BIT) ? VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR : VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;

	// Usage.
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_SAMPLING_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_VRS_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_CAN_UPDATE_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_CAN_COPY_FROM_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
	}
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_CAN_COPY_TO_BIT)) {
		create_info.usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
	}

	create_info.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
	create_info.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;

	// Allocate memory.

	uint32_t width = 0, height = 0;
	uint32_t image_size = get_image_format_required_size(p_format.format, p_format.width, p_format.height, p_format.depth, p_format.mipmaps, &width, &height);

	VmaAllocationCreateInfo alloc_create_info = {};
	alloc_create_info.flags = (p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_CPU_READ_BIT) ? VMA_ALLOCATION_CREATE_HOST_ACCESS_RANDOM_BIT : 0;
	alloc_create_info.preferredFlags = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT;
	if (image_size <= SMALL_ALLOCATION_MAX_SIZE) {
		uint32_t mem_type_index = 0;
		vmaFindMemoryTypeIndexForImageInfo(allocator, &create_info, &alloc_create_info, &mem_type_index);
		alloc_create_info.pool = _find_or_create_small_allocs_pool(mem_type_index);
	}

	// Create.

	VkImage vk_image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VmaAllocation allocation = nullptr;
	VmaAllocationInfo alloc_info = {};

	VkResult err = vkCreateImage(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE), &vk_image);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "vkCreateImage failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	err = vmaAllocateMemoryForImage(allocator, vk_image, &alloc_create_info, &allocation, &alloc_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "Can't allocate memory for image, error: " + itos(err) + ".");
	err = vmaBindImageMemory2(allocator, allocation, 0, vk_image, NULL);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "Can't bind memory to image, error: " + itos(err) + ".");

	// Create view.

	VkImageViewCreateInfo image_view_create_info = {};
	image_view_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	image_view_create_info.image = vk_image;
	image_view_create_info.viewType = (VkImageViewType)p_format.texture_type;
	image_view_create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_view.format];
	image_view_create_info.components.r = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_r;
	image_view_create_info.components.g = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_g;
	image_view_create_info.components.b = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_b;
	image_view_create_info.components.a = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_a;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = create_info.mipLevels;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = create_info.arrayLayers;
	if ((p_format.usage_bits & TEXTURE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT;
	} else {
		image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	}

	VkImageView vk_image_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	err = vkCreateImageView(vk_device, &image_view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW), &vk_image_view);
	if (err) {
		vkDestroyImage(vk_device, vk_image, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE));
		vmaFreeMemory(allocator, allocation);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	}

	// Bookkeep.

	TextureInfo *tex_info = VersatileResource::allocate<TextureInfo>(resources_allocator);
	tex_info->vk_image = vk_image;
	tex_info->vk_view = vk_image_view;
	tex_info->rd_format = p_format.format;
	tex_info->vk_create_info = create_info;
	tex_info->vk_view_create_info = image_view_create_info;
	tex_info->allocation.handle = allocation;
	vmaGetAllocationInfo(allocator, tex_info->allocation.handle, &tex_info->allocation.info);

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCreateImageView: 0x%uX for 0x%uX", uint64_t(vk_image_view), uint64_t(vk_image)));
#endif

	return TextureID(tex_info);
}

RDD::TextureID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_create_from_extension(uint64_t p_native_texture, TextureType p_type, DataFormat p_format, uint32_t p_array_layers, bool p_depth_stencil) {
	VkImage vk_image = (VkImage)p_native_texture;

	// We only need to create a view into the already existing natively-provided texture.

	VkImageViewCreateInfo image_view_create_info = {};
	image_view_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	image_view_create_info.image = vk_image;
	image_view_create_info.viewType = (VkImageViewType)p_type;
	image_view_create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format];
	image_view_create_info.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
	image_view_create_info.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
	image_view_create_info.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
	image_view_create_info.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = p_array_layers;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = p_depth_stencil ? VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT : VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;

	VkImageView vk_image_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateImageView(vk_device, &image_view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW), &vk_image_view);
	if (err) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	}

	// Bookkeep.

	TextureInfo *tex_info = VersatileResource::allocate<TextureInfo>(resources_allocator);
	tex_info->vk_view = vk_image_view;
	tex_info->rd_format = p_format;
	tex_info->vk_view_create_info = image_view_create_info;

	return TextureID(tex_info);
}

RDD::TextureID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_create_shared(TextureID p_original_texture, const TextureView &p_view) {
	const TextureInfo *owner_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_original_texture.id;
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!owner_tex_info->allocation.handle, TextureID());
#endif

	VkImageViewCreateInfo image_view_create_info = owner_tex_info->vk_view_create_info;
	image_view_create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_view.format];
	image_view_create_info.components.r = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_r;
	image_view_create_info.components.g = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_g;
	image_view_create_info.components.b = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_b;
	image_view_create_info.components.a = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_a;

	if (enabled_device_extension_names.has(VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE_2_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
		// May need to make VK_KHR_maintenance2 mandatory and thus has Vulkan 1.1 be our minimum supported version
		// if we require setting this information. Vulkan 1.0 may simply not care.
		if (image_view_create_info.format != owner_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.format) {
			VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo *usage_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkImageViewUsageCreateInfo);
			*usage_info = {};
			usage_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_USAGE_CREATE_INFO;
			usage_info->usage = owner_tex_info->vk_create_info.usage;

			// Certain features may not be available for the format of the view.
			{
				VkFormatProperties properties = {};
				vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physical_device, RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_view.format], &properties);
				const VkFormatFeatureFlags &supported_flags = owner_tex_info->vk_create_info.tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR ? properties.linearTilingFeatures : properties.optimalTilingFeatures;
				if ((usage_info->usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT) && !(supported_flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT)) {
					usage_info->usage &= ~VK_IMAGE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT;
				}
				if ((usage_info->usage & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT) && !(supported_flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
					usage_info->usage &= ~VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
				}
			}

			image_view_create_info.pNext = usage_info;
		}
	}

	VkImageView new_vk_image_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateImageView(vk_device, &image_view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW), &new_vk_image_view);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	// Bookkeep.

	TextureInfo *tex_info = VersatileResource::allocate<TextureInfo>(resources_allocator);
	*tex_info = *owner_tex_info;
	tex_info->vk_view = new_vk_image_view;
	tex_info->vk_view_create_info = image_view_create_info;
	tex_info->allocation = {};

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCreateImageView: 0x%uX for 0x%uX", uint64_t(new_vk_image_view), uint64_t(owner_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image)));
#endif

	return TextureID(tex_info);
}

RDD::TextureID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_create_shared_from_slice(TextureID p_original_texture, const TextureView &p_view, TextureSliceType p_slice_type, uint32_t p_layer, uint32_t p_layers, uint32_t p_mipmap, uint32_t p_mipmaps) {
	const TextureInfo *owner_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_original_texture.id;
#ifdef DEBUG_ENABLED
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!owner_tex_info->allocation.handle, TextureID());
#endif

	VkImageViewCreateInfo image_view_create_info = owner_tex_info->vk_view_create_info;
	switch (p_slice_type) {
		case TEXTURE_SLICE_2D: {
			image_view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
		} break;
		case TEXTURE_SLICE_3D: {
			image_view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_3D;
		} break;
		case TEXTURE_SLICE_CUBEMAP: {
			image_view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_CUBE;
		} break;
		case TEXTURE_SLICE_2D_ARRAY: {
			image_view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D_ARRAY;
		} break;
		default: {
			return TextureID(nullptr);
		}
	}
	image_view_create_info.format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_view.format];
	image_view_create_info.components.r = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_r;
	image_view_create_info.components.g = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_g;
	image_view_create_info.components.b = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_b;
	image_view_create_info.components.a = (VkComponentSwizzle)p_view.swizzle_a;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = p_mipmap;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = p_mipmaps;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = p_layer;
	image_view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = p_layers;

	VkImageView new_vk_image_view = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateImageView(vk_device, &image_view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW), &new_vk_image_view);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, TextureID(), "vkCreateImageView failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	// Bookkeep.

	TextureInfo *tex_info = VersatileResource::allocate<TextureInfo>(resources_allocator);
	*tex_info = *owner_tex_info;
	tex_info->vk_view = new_vk_image_view;
	tex_info->vk_view_create_info = image_view_create_info;
	tex_info->allocation = {};

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCreateImageView: 0x%uX for 0x%uX (%d %d %d %d)", uint64_t(new_vk_image_view), uint64_t(owner_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image), p_mipmap, p_mipmaps, p_layer, p_layers));
#endif

	return TextureID(tex_info);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_free(TextureID p_texture) {
	TextureInfo *tex_info = (TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;
	vkDestroyImageView(vk_device, tex_info->vk_view, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW));
	if (tex_info->allocation.handle) {
		vkDestroyImage(vk_device, tex_info->vk_image, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER));
		vmaFreeMemory(allocator, tex_info->allocation.handle);
	}
	VersatileResource::free(resources_allocator, tex_info);
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_get_allocation_size(TextureID p_texture) {
	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;
	return tex_info->allocation.info.size;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_get_copyable_layout(TextureID p_texture, const TextureSubresource &p_subresource, TextureCopyableLayout *r_layout) {
	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;

	*r_layout = {};

	if (tex_info->vk_create_info.tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR) {
		VkImageSubresource vk_subres = {};
		vk_subres.aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)(1 << p_subresource.aspect);
		vk_subres.arrayLayer = p_subresource.layer;
		vk_subres.mipLevel = p_subresource.mipmap;

		VkSubresourceLayout vk_layout = {};
		vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(vk_device, tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, &vk_subres, &vk_layout);

		r_layout->offset = vk_layout.offset;
		r_layout->size = vk_layout.size;
		r_layout->row_pitch = vk_layout.rowPitch;
		r_layout->depth_pitch = vk_layout.depthPitch;
		r_layout->layer_pitch = vk_layout.arrayPitch;
	} else {
		// Tight.
		uint32_t w = tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.width;
		uint32_t h = tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.height;
		uint32_t d = tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.depth;
		if (p_subresource.mipmap > 0) {
			r_layout->offset = get_image_format_required_size(tex_info->rd_format, w, h, d, p_subresource.mipmap);
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_subresource.mipmap; i++) {
			w = MAX(1u, w >> 1);
			h = MAX(1u, h >> 1);
			d = MAX(1u, d >> 1);
		}
		uint32_t bw = 0, bh = 0;
		get_compressed_image_format_block_dimensions(tex_info->rd_format, bw, bh);
		uint32_t sbw = 0, sbh = 0;
		r_layout->size = get_image_format_required_size(tex_info->rd_format, w, h, d, 1, &sbw, &sbh);
		r_layout->row_pitch = r_layout->size / ((sbh / bh) * d);
		r_layout->depth_pitch = r_layout->size / d;
		r_layout->layer_pitch = r_layout->size / tex_info->vk_create_info.arrayLayers;
	}
}

uint8_t *RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_map(TextureID p_texture, const TextureSubresource &p_subresource) {
	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;

	VkImageSubresource vk_subres = {};
	vk_subres.aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)(1 << p_subresource.aspect);
	vk_subres.arrayLayer = p_subresource.layer;
	vk_subres.mipLevel = p_subresource.mipmap;

	VkSubresourceLayout vk_layout = {};
	vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(vk_device, tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, &vk_subres, &vk_layout);

	void *data_ptr = nullptr;
	VkResult err = vkMapMemory(
			vk_device,
			tex_info->allocation.info.deviceMemory,
			tex_info->allocation.info.offset + vk_layout.offset,
			vk_layout.size,
			0,
			&data_ptr);

	vmaMapMemory(allocator, tex_info->allocation.handle, &data_ptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, nullptr, "vkMapMemory failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
	return (uint8_t *)data_ptr;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_unmap(TextureID p_texture) {
	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;
	vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, tex_info->allocation.handle);
}

BitField<RDD::TextureUsageBits> RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_get_usages_supported_by_format(DataFormat p_format, bool p_cpu_readable) {
	VkFormatProperties properties = {};
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physical_device, RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format], &properties);

	const VkFormatFeatureFlags &flags = p_cpu_readable ? properties.linearTilingFeatures : properties.optimalTilingFeatures;

	// Everything supported by default makes an all-or-nothing check easier for the caller.
	BitField<RDD::TextureUsageBits> supported = INT64_MAX;

	if (!(flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_BIT)) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_SAMPLING_BIT);
	}
	if (!(flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
	}
	if (!(flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
	}
	if (!(flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_BIT)) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_STORAGE_BIT);
	}
	if (!(flags & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_STORAGE_IMAGE_ATOMIC_BIT)) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_STORAGE_ATOMIC_BIT);
	}
	// Validation via VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_BIT_KHR fails if VRS attachment is not supported.
	if (p_format != DATA_FORMAT_R8_UINT) {
		supported.clear_flag(TEXTURE_USAGE_VRS_ATTACHMENT_BIT);
	}

	return supported;
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::texture_can_make_shared_with_format(TextureID p_texture, DataFormat p_format, bool &r_raw_reinterpretation) {
	r_raw_reinterpretation = false;
	return true;
}

/*****************/
/**** SAMPLER ****/
/*****************/

// RDD::SamplerRepeatMode == VkSamplerAddressMode.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_REPEAT, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRRORED_REPEAT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_EDGE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_CLAMP_TO_BORDER));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_REPEAT_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE, VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_MIRROR_CLAMP_TO_EDGE));

// RDD::SamplerBorderColor == VkBorderColor.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK, VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK, VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_TRANSPARENT_BLACK));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK, VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_BLACK));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK, VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE, VK_BORDER_COLOR_FLOAT_OPAQUE_WHITE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::SAMPLER_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE, VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_WHITE));

RDD::SamplerID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::sampler_create(const SamplerState &p_state) {
	VkSamplerCreateInfo sampler_create_info = {};
	sampler_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
	sampler_create_info.pNext = nullptr;
	sampler_create_info.flags = 0;
	sampler_create_info.magFilter = p_state.mag_filter == SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR ? VK_FILTER_LINEAR : VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
	sampler_create_info.minFilter = p_state.min_filter == SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR ? VK_FILTER_LINEAR : VK_FILTER_NEAREST;
	sampler_create_info.mipmapMode = p_state.mip_filter == SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR ? VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR : VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_NEAREST;
	sampler_create_info.addressModeU = (VkSamplerAddressMode)p_state.repeat_u;
	sampler_create_info.addressModeV = (VkSamplerAddressMode)p_state.repeat_v;
	sampler_create_info.addressModeW = (VkSamplerAddressMode)p_state.repeat_w;
	sampler_create_info.mipLodBias = p_state.lod_bias;
	sampler_create_info.anisotropyEnable = p_state.use_anisotropy && (physical_device_features.samplerAnisotropy == VK_TRUE);
	sampler_create_info.maxAnisotropy = p_state.anisotropy_max;
	sampler_create_info.compareEnable = p_state.enable_compare;
	sampler_create_info.compareOp = (VkCompareOp)p_state.compare_op;
	sampler_create_info.minLod = p_state.min_lod;
	sampler_create_info.maxLod = p_state.max_lod;
	sampler_create_info.borderColor = (VkBorderColor)p_state.border_color;
	sampler_create_info.unnormalizedCoordinates = p_state.unnormalized_uvw;

	VkSampler vk_sampler = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = vkCreateSampler(vk_device, &sampler_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER), &vk_sampler);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, SamplerID(), "vkCreateSampler failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");

	return SamplerID(vk_sampler);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::sampler_free(SamplerID p_sampler) {
	vkDestroySampler(vk_device, (VkSampler)p_sampler.id, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER));
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::sampler_is_format_supported_for_filter(DataFormat p_format, SamplerFilter p_filter) {
	switch (p_filter) {
		case SAMPLER_FILTER_NEAREST: {
			return true;
		}
		case SAMPLER_FILTER_LINEAR: {
			VkFormatProperties properties = {};
			vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physical_device, RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_format], &properties);
			return (properties.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT);
		}
	}
	return false;
}

/**********************/
/**** VERTEX ARRAY ****/
/**********************/

RDD::VertexFormatID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::vertex_format_create(VectorView<VertexAttribute> p_vertex_attribs) {
	// Pre-bookkeep.
	VertexFormatInfo *vf_info = VersatileResource::allocate<VertexFormatInfo>(resources_allocator);

	vf_info->vk_bindings.resize(p_vertex_attribs.size());
	vf_info->vk_attributes.resize(p_vertex_attribs.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_vertex_attribs.size(); i++) {
		vf_info->vk_bindings[i] = {};
		vf_info->vk_bindings[i].binding = i;
		vf_info->vk_bindings[i].stride = p_vertex_attribs[i].stride;
		vf_info->vk_bindings[i].inputRate = p_vertex_attribs[i].frequency == VERTEX_FREQUENCY_INSTANCE ? VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE : VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
		vf_info->vk_attributes[i] = {};
		vf_info->vk_attributes[i].binding = i;
		vf_info->vk_attributes[i].location = p_vertex_attribs[i].location;
		vf_info->vk_attributes[i].format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_vertex_attribs[i].format];
		vf_info->vk_attributes[i].offset = p_vertex_attribs[i].offset;
	}

	vf_info->vk_create_info = {};
	vf_info->vk_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	vf_info->vk_create_info.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = vf_info->vk_bindings.size();
	vf_info->vk_create_info.pVertexBindingDescriptions = vf_info->vk_bindings.ptr();
	vf_info->vk_create_info.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = vf_info->vk_attributes.size();
	vf_info->vk_create_info.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = vf_info->vk_attributes.ptr();

	return VertexFormatID(vf_info);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::vertex_format_free(VertexFormatID p_vertex_format) {
	VertexFormatInfo *vf_info = (VertexFormatInfo *)p_vertex_format.id;
	VersatileResource::free(resources_allocator, vf_info);
}

/******************/
/**** BARRIERS ****/
/******************/

// RDD::PipelineStageBits == VkPipelineStageFlagBits.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_DRAW_INDIRECT_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_INPUT_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_VERTEX_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_LATE_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COMPUTE_SHADER_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_GRAPHICS_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT));

// RDD::BarrierAccessBits == VkAccessFlagBits.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_INDIRECT_COMMAND_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_INDEX_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_VERTEX_ATTRIBUTE_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_UNIFORM_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_INPUT_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_SHADER_WRITE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_HOST_WRITE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT, VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_WRITE_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BARRIER_ACCESS_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT, VK_ACCESS_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT_KHR));

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_pipeline_barrier(
		CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer,
		BitField<PipelineStageBits> p_src_stages,
		BitField<PipelineStageBits> p_dst_stages,
		VectorView<MemoryBarrier> p_memory_barriers,
		VectorView<BufferBarrier> p_buffer_barriers,
		VectorView<TextureBarrier> p_texture_barriers) {
	VkMemoryBarrier *vk_memory_barriers = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkMemoryBarrier, p_memory_barriers.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_memory_barriers.size(); i++) {
		vk_memory_barriers[i] = {};
		vk_memory_barriers[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
		vk_memory_barriers[i].srcAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_memory_barriers[i].src_access);
		vk_memory_barriers[i].dstAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_memory_barriers[i].dst_access);
	}

	VkBufferMemoryBarrier *vk_buffer_barriers = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBufferMemoryBarrier, p_buffer_barriers.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_buffer_barriers.size(); i++) {
		vk_buffer_barriers[i] = {};
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_MEMORY_BARRIER;
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].srcAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_buffer_barriers[i].src_access);
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].dstAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_buffer_barriers[i].dst_access);
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].buffer = ((const BufferInfo *)p_buffer_barriers[i].buffer.id)->vk_buffer;
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].offset = p_buffer_barriers[i].offset;
		vk_buffer_barriers[i].size = p_buffer_barriers[i].size;
	}

	VkImageMemoryBarrier *vk_image_barriers = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkImageMemoryBarrier, p_texture_barriers.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_texture_barriers.size(); i++) {
		const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture_barriers[i].texture.id;
		vk_image_barriers[i] = {};
		vk_image_barriers[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
		vk_image_barriers[i].srcAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_texture_barriers[i].src_access);
		vk_image_barriers[i].dstAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_texture_barriers[i].dst_access);
		vk_image_barriers[i].oldLayout = RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_texture_barriers[i].prev_layout];
		vk_image_barriers[i].newLayout = RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_texture_barriers[i].next_layout];
		vk_image_barriers[i].srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		vk_image_barriers[i].dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
		vk_image_barriers[i].image = tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image;
		vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)p_texture_barriers[i].subresources.aspect;
		vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = p_texture_barriers[i].subresources.base_mipmap;
		vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.levelCount = p_texture_barriers[i].subresources.mipmap_count;
		vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = p_texture_barriers[i].subresources.base_layer;
		vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.layerCount = p_texture_barriers[i].subresources.layer_count;
	}

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCmdPipelineBarrier MEMORY %d BUFFER %d TEXTURE %d", p_memory_barriers.size(), p_buffer_barriers.size(), p_texture_barriers.size()));
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_memory_barriers.size(); i++) {
		print_line(vformat("  VkMemoryBarrier #%d src 0x%uX dst 0x%uX", i, vk_memory_barriers[i].srcAccessMask, vk_memory_barriers[i].dstAccessMask));
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_buffer_barriers.size(); i++) {
		print_line(vformat("  VkBufferMemoryBarrier #%d src 0x%uX dst 0x%uX buffer 0x%ux", i, vk_buffer_barriers[i].srcAccessMask, vk_buffer_barriers[i].dstAccessMask, uint64_t(vk_buffer_barriers[i].buffer)));
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_texture_barriers.size(); i++) {
		print_line(vformat("  VkImageMemoryBarrier #%d src 0x%uX dst 0x%uX image 0x%ux old %d new %d (%d %d %d %d)", i, vk_image_barriers[i].srcAccessMask, vk_image_barriers[i].dstAccessMask,
				uint64_t(vk_image_barriers[i].image), vk_image_barriers[i].oldLayout, vk_image_barriers[i].newLayout, vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.baseMipLevel, vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.levelCount,
				vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer, vk_image_barriers[i].subresourceRange.layerCount));
	}
#endif

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
			(VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id,
			_rd_to_vk_pipeline_stages(p_src_stages),
			_rd_to_vk_pipeline_stages(p_dst_stages),
			0,
			p_memory_barriers.size(), vk_memory_barriers,
			p_buffer_barriers.size(), vk_buffer_barriers,
			p_texture_barriers.size(), vk_image_barriers);
}

/****************/
/**** FENCES ****/
/****************/

RDD::FenceID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::fence_create() {
	VkFence vk_fence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkFenceCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
	VkResult err = vkCreateFence(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE), &vk_fence);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FenceID());

	Fence *fence = memnew(Fence);
	fence->vk_fence = vk_fence;
	fence->queue_signaled_from = nullptr;
	return FenceID(fence);
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::fence_wait(FenceID p_fence) {
	Fence *fence = (Fence *)(p_fence.id);
	VkResult fence_status = vkGetFenceStatus(vk_device, fence->vk_fence);
	if (fence_status == VK_NOT_READY) {
		VkResult err = vkWaitForFences(vk_device, 1, &fence->vk_fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FAILED);
	}

	VkResult err = vkResetFences(vk_device, 1, &fence->vk_fence);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FAILED);

	if (fence->queue_signaled_from != nullptr) {
		// Release all semaphores that the command queue associated to the fence waited on the last time it was submitted.
		LocalVector<Pair<Fence *, uint32_t>> &pairs = fence->queue_signaled_from->image_semaphores_for_fences;
		uint32_t i = 0;
		while (i < pairs.size()) {
			if (pairs[i].first == fence) {
				_release_image_semaphore(fence->queue_signaled_from, pairs[i].second, true);
				fence->queue_signaled_from->free_image_semaphores.push_back(pairs[i].second);
				pairs.remove_at(i);
			} else {
				i++;
			}
		}

		fence->queue_signaled_from = nullptr;
	}

	return OK;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::fence_free(FenceID p_fence) {
	Fence *fence = (Fence *)(p_fence.id);
	vkDestroyFence(vk_device, fence->vk_fence, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FENCE));
	memdelete(fence);
}

/********************/
/**** SEMAPHORES ****/
/********************/

RDD::SemaphoreID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::semaphore_create() {
	VkSemaphore semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
	VkResult err = vkCreateSemaphore(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE), &semaphore);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, SemaphoreID());

	return SemaphoreID(semaphore);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::semaphore_free(SemaphoreID p_semaphore) {
	vkDestroySemaphore(vk_device, VkSemaphore(p_semaphore.id), VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE));
}

/******************/
/**** COMMANDS ****/
/******************/

// ----- QUEUE FAMILY -----

RDD::CommandQueueFamilyID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_queue_family_get(BitField<CommandQueueFamilyBits> p_cmd_queue_family_bits, RenderingContextDriver::SurfaceID p_surface) {
	// Pick the queue with the least amount of bits that can fulfill the requirements.
	VkQueueFlags picked_queue_flags = VK_QUEUE_FLAG_BITS_MAX_ENUM;
	uint32_t picked_family_index = UINT_MAX;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_family_properties.size(); i++) {
		if (queue_families[i].is_empty()) {
			// Ignore empty queue families.
			continue;
		}

		if (p_surface != 0 && !context_driver->queue_family_supports_present(physical_device, i, p_surface)) {
			// Present is not an actual bit but something that must be queried manually.
			continue;
		}

		// Preferring a queue with less bits will get us closer to getting a queue that performs better for our requirements.
		// For example, dedicated compute and transfer queues are usually indicated as such.
		const VkQueueFlags option_queue_flags = queue_family_properties[i].queueFlags;
		const bool includes_all_bits = (option_queue_flags & p_cmd_queue_family_bits) == p_cmd_queue_family_bits;
		const bool prefer_less_bits = option_queue_flags < picked_queue_flags;
		if (includes_all_bits && prefer_less_bits) {
			picked_family_index = i;
			picked_queue_flags = option_queue_flags;
		}
	}

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(picked_family_index >= queue_family_properties.size(), CommandQueueFamilyID(), "A queue family with the requested bits could not be found.");

	// Since 0 is a valid index and we use 0 as the error case, we make the index start from 1 instead.
	return CommandQueueFamilyID(picked_family_index + 1);
}

// ----- QUEUE -----

RDD::CommandQueueID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_queue_create(CommandQueueFamilyID p_cmd_queue_family, bool p_identify_as_main_queue) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue_family.id != 0);

	// Make a virtual queue on top of a real queue. Use the queue from the family with the least amount of virtual queues created.
	uint32_t family_index = p_cmd_queue_family.id - 1;
	TightLocalVector<Queue> &queue_family = queue_families[family_index];
	uint32_t picked_queue_index = UINT_MAX;
	uint32_t picked_virtual_count = UINT_MAX;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queue_family.size(); i++) {
		if (queue_family[i].virtual_count < picked_virtual_count) {
			picked_queue_index = i;
			picked_virtual_count = queue_family[i].virtual_count;
		}
	}

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(picked_queue_index >= queue_family.size(), CommandQueueID(), "A queue in the picked family could not be found.");

	// Create the virtual queue.
	CommandQueue *command_queue = memnew(CommandQueue);
	command_queue->queue_family = family_index;
	command_queue->queue_index = picked_queue_index;
	queue_family[picked_queue_index].virtual_count++;

	// If is was identified as the main queue and a hook is active, indicate it as such to the hook.
	if (p_identify_as_main_queue && (VulkanHooks::get_singleton() != nullptr)) {
		VulkanHooks::get_singleton()->set_direct_queue_family_and_index(family_index, picked_queue_index);
	}

	return CommandQueueID(command_queue);
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_queue_execute_and_present(CommandQueueID p_cmd_queue, VectorView<SemaphoreID> p_wait_semaphores, VectorView<CommandBufferID> p_cmd_buffers, VectorView<SemaphoreID> p_cmd_semaphores, FenceID p_cmd_fence, VectorView<SwapChainID> p_swap_chains) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue.id != 0);

	VkResult err;
	CommandQueue *command_queue = (CommandQueue *)(p_cmd_queue.id);
	Queue &device_queue = queue_families[command_queue->queue_family][command_queue->queue_index];
	Fence *fence = (Fence *)(p_cmd_fence.id);
	VkFence vk_fence = (fence != nullptr) ? fence->vk_fence : VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	thread_local LocalVector<VkSemaphore> wait_semaphores;
	thread_local LocalVector<VkPipelineStageFlags> wait_semaphores_stages;
	wait_semaphores.clear();
	wait_semaphores_stages.clear();

	if (!command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_execute.is_empty()) {
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_execute.size(); i++) {
			VkSemaphore wait_semaphore = command_queue->image_semaphores[command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_execute[i]];
			wait_semaphores.push_back(wait_semaphore);
			wait_semaphores_stages.push_back(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT);
		}

		command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_execute.clear();
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_wait_semaphores.size(); i++) {
		// FIXME: Allow specifying the stage mask in more detail.
		wait_semaphores.push_back(VkSemaphore(p_wait_semaphores[i].id));
		wait_semaphores_stages.push_back(VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_ALL_COMMANDS_BIT);
	}

	if (p_cmd_buffers.size() > 0) {
		thread_local LocalVector<VkCommandBuffer> command_buffers;
		thread_local LocalVector<VkSemaphore> signal_semaphores;
		command_buffers.clear();
		signal_semaphores.clear();

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_cmd_buffers.size(); i++) {
			command_buffers.push_back(VkCommandBuffer(p_cmd_buffers[i].id));
		}

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_cmd_semaphores.size(); i++) {
			signal_semaphores.push_back(VkSemaphore(p_cmd_semaphores[i].id));
		}

		VkSemaphore present_semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		if (p_swap_chains.size() > 0) {
			if (command_queue->present_semaphores.is_empty()) {
				// Create the semaphores used for presentation if they haven't been created yet.
				VkSemaphore semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
				VkSemaphoreCreateInfo create_info = {};
				create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

				for (uint32_t i = 0; i < frame_count; i++) {
					err = vkCreateSemaphore(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE), &semaphore);
					ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FAILED);
					command_queue->present_semaphores.push_back(semaphore);
				}
			}

			// If a presentation semaphore is required, cycle across the ones available on the queue. It is technically possible
			// and valid to reuse the same semaphore for this particular operation, but we create multiple ones anyway in case
			// some hardware expects multiple semaphores to be used.
			present_semaphore = command_queue->present_semaphores[command_queue->present_semaphore_index];
			signal_semaphores.push_back(present_semaphore);
			command_queue->present_semaphore_index = (command_queue->present_semaphore_index + 1) % command_queue->present_semaphores.size();
		}

		VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {};
		submit_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
		submit_info.waitSemaphoreCount = wait_semaphores.size();
		submit_info.pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores.ptr();
		submit_info.pWaitDstStageMask = wait_semaphores_stages.ptr();
		submit_info.commandBufferCount = command_buffers.size();
		submit_info.pCommandBuffers = command_buffers.ptr();
		submit_info.signalSemaphoreCount = signal_semaphores.size();
		submit_info.pSignalSemaphores = signal_semaphores.ptr();

		device_queue.submit_mutex.lock();
		err = vkQueueSubmit(device_queue.queue, 1, &submit_info, vk_fence);
		device_queue.submit_mutex.unlock();

		if (err == VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST) {
			print_lost_device_info();
			CRASH_NOW_MSG("Vulkan device was lost.");
		}
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FAILED);

		if (fence != nullptr && !command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_fence.is_empty()) {
			fence->queue_signaled_from = command_queue;

			// Indicate to the fence that it should release the semaphores that were waited on this submission the next time the fence is waited on.
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_fence.size(); i++) {
				command_queue->image_semaphores_for_fences.push_back({ fence, command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_fence[i] });
			}

			command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_fence.clear();
		}

		if (present_semaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
			// If command buffers were executed, swap chains must wait on the present semaphore used by the command queue.
			wait_semaphores.clear();
			wait_semaphores.push_back(present_semaphore);
		}
	}

	if (p_swap_chains.size() > 0) {
		thread_local LocalVector<VkSwapchainKHR> swapchains;
		thread_local LocalVector<uint32_t> image_indices;
		thread_local LocalVector<VkResult> results;
		swapchains.clear();
		image_indices.clear();

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_swap_chains.size(); i++) {
			SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chains[i].id);
			swapchains.push_back(swap_chain->vk_swapchain);
			DEV_ASSERT(swap_chain->image_index < swap_chain->images.size());
			image_indices.push_back(swap_chain->image_index);
		}

		results.resize(swapchains.size());

		VkPresentInfoKHR present_info = {};
		present_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
		present_info.waitSemaphoreCount = wait_semaphores.size();
		present_info.pWaitSemaphores = wait_semaphores.ptr();
		present_info.swapchainCount = swapchains.size();
		present_info.pSwapchains = swapchains.ptr();
		present_info.pImageIndices = image_indices.ptr();
		present_info.pResults = results.ptr();

		device_queue.submit_mutex.lock();
		err = device_functions.QueuePresentKHR(device_queue.queue, &present_info);
		device_queue.submit_mutex.unlock();

		// Set the index to an invalid value. If any of the swap chains returned out of date, indicate it should be resized the next time it's acquired.
		bool any_result_is_out_of_date = false;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_swap_chains.size(); i++) {
			SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chains[i].id);
			swap_chain->image_index = UINT_MAX;
			if (results[i] == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
				context_driver->surface_set_needs_resize(swap_chain->surface, true);
				any_result_is_out_of_date = true;
			}
		}

		if (any_result_is_out_of_date || err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
			// It is possible for presentation to fail with out of date while acquire might've succeeded previously. This case
			// will be considered a silent failure as it can be triggered easily by resizing a window in the OS natively.
			return FAILED;
		}

		// Handling VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR the same as VK_SUCCESS is completely intentional.
		//
		// Godot does not currently support native rotation in Android when creating the swap chain. It intentionally uses
		// VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR instead of the current transform bits available in the surface capabilities.
		// Choosing the transform that leads to optimal presentation leads to distortion that makes the application unusable,
		// as the rotation of all the content is not handled at the moment.
		//
		// VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR is accepted as a successful case even if it's not the most efficient solution to work around this
		// problem. This behavior should not be changed unless the swap chain recreation uses the current transform bits, as
		// it'll lead to very low performance in Android by entering an endless loop where it'll always resize the swap chain
		// every frame.

		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS && err != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR, FAILED);
	}

	return OK;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_queue_free(CommandQueueID p_cmd_queue) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue);

	CommandQueue *command_queue = (CommandQueue *)(p_cmd_queue.id);

	// Erase all the semaphores used for presentation.
	for (VkSemaphore semaphore : command_queue->present_semaphores) {
		vkDestroySemaphore(vk_device, semaphore, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE));
	}

	// Erase all the semaphores used for image acquisition.
	for (VkSemaphore semaphore : command_queue->image_semaphores) {
		vkDestroySemaphore(vk_device, semaphore, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE));
	}

	// Retrieve the queue family corresponding to the virtual queue.
	DEV_ASSERT(command_queue->queue_family < queue_families.size());
	TightLocalVector<Queue> &queue_family = queue_families[command_queue->queue_family];

	// Decrease the virtual queue count.
	DEV_ASSERT(command_queue->queue_index < queue_family.size());
	DEV_ASSERT(queue_family[command_queue->queue_index].virtual_count > 0);
	queue_family[command_queue->queue_index].virtual_count--;

	// Destroy the virtual queue structure.
	memdelete(command_queue);
}

// ----- POOL -----

RDD::CommandPoolID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_pool_create(CommandQueueFamilyID p_cmd_queue_family, CommandBufferType p_cmd_buffer_type) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue_family.id != 0);

	uint32_t family_index = p_cmd_queue_family.id - 1;
	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo cmd_pool_info = {};
	cmd_pool_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	cmd_pool_info.queueFamilyIndex = family_index;
	cmd_pool_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;

	VkCommandPool vk_command_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = vkCreateCommandPool(vk_device, &cmd_pool_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL), &vk_command_pool);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, CommandPoolID(), "vkCreateCommandPool failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");

	CommandPool *command_pool = memnew(CommandPool);
	command_pool->vk_command_pool = vk_command_pool;
	command_pool->buffer_type = p_cmd_buffer_type;
	return CommandPoolID(command_pool);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_pool_free(CommandPoolID p_cmd_pool) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_pool);

	CommandPool *command_pool = (CommandPool *)(p_cmd_pool.id);
	vkDestroyCommandPool(vk_device, command_pool->vk_command_pool, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL));
	memdelete(command_pool);
}

// ----- BUFFER -----

RDD::CommandBufferID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_buffer_create(CommandPoolID p_cmd_pool) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_pool);

	const CommandPool *command_pool = (const CommandPool *)(p_cmd_pool.id);
	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmd_buf_info = {};
	cmd_buf_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	cmd_buf_info.commandPool = command_pool->vk_command_pool;
	cmd_buf_info.commandBufferCount = 1;

	if (command_pool->buffer_type == COMMAND_BUFFER_TYPE_SECONDARY) {
		cmd_buf_info.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_SECONDARY;
	} else {
		cmd_buf_info.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
	}

	VkCommandBuffer vk_cmd_buffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(vk_device, &cmd_buf_info, &vk_cmd_buffer);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, CommandBufferID(), "vkAllocateCommandBuffers failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return CommandBufferID(vk_cmd_buffer);
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_buffer_begin(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer) {
	// Reset is implicit (VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT).

	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_begin_info = {};
	cmd_buf_begin_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
	cmd_buf_begin_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;

	VkResult err = vkBeginCommandBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, &cmd_buf_begin_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, false, "vkBeginCommandBuffer failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return true;
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_buffer_begin_secondary(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, RenderPassID p_render_pass, uint32_t p_subpass, FramebufferID p_framebuffer) {
	// Reset is implicit (VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT).

	VkCommandBufferInheritanceInfo inheritance_info = {};
	inheritance_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_INHERITANCE_INFO;
	inheritance_info.renderPass = (VkRenderPass)p_render_pass.id;
	inheritance_info.subpass = p_subpass;
	inheritance_info.framebuffer = (VkFramebuffer)p_framebuffer.id;

	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmd_buf_begin_info = {};
	cmd_buf_begin_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
	cmd_buf_begin_info.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT | VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_RENDER_PASS_CONTINUE_BIT;
	cmd_buf_begin_info.pInheritanceInfo = &inheritance_info;

	VkResult err = vkBeginCommandBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, &cmd_buf_begin_info);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, false, "vkBeginCommandBuffer failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return true;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_buffer_end(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer) {
	vkEndCommandBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_buffer_execute_secondary(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<CommandBufferID> p_secondary_cmd_buffers) {
	vkCmdExecuteCommands((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_secondary_cmd_buffers.size(), (const VkCommandBuffer *)p_secondary_cmd_buffers.ptr());
}

/********************/
/**** SWAP CHAIN ****/
/********************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_swap_chain_release(SwapChain *swap_chain) {
	// Destroy views and framebuffers associated to the swapchain's images.
	for (FramebufferID framebuffer : swap_chain->framebuffers) {
		framebuffer_free(framebuffer);
	}

	for (VkImageView view : swap_chain->image_views) {
		vkDestroyImageView(vk_device, view, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW));
	}

	swap_chain->image_index = UINT_MAX;
	swap_chain->images.clear();
	swap_chain->image_views.clear();
	swap_chain->framebuffers.clear();

	if (swap_chain->vk_swapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		device_functions.DestroySwapchainKHR(vk_device, swap_chain->vk_swapchain, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_KHR));
		swap_chain->vk_swapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swap_chain->command_queues_acquired.size(); i++) {
		_recreate_image_semaphore(swap_chain->command_queues_acquired[i], swap_chain->command_queues_acquired_semaphores[i], false);
	}

	swap_chain->command_queues_acquired.clear();
	swap_chain->command_queues_acquired_semaphores.clear();
}

RenderingDeviceDriver::SwapChainID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_create(RenderingContextDriver::SurfaceID p_surface) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_surface != 0);

	RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Surface *surface = (RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Surface *)(p_surface);
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();

	// Retrieve the formats supported by the surface.
	uint32_t format_count = 0;
	VkResult err = functions.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface->vk_surface, &format_count, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, SwapChainID());

	TightLocalVector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
	formats.resize(format_count);
	err = functions.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface->vk_surface, &format_count, formats.ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, SwapChainID());

	VkFormat format = VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED;
	VkColorSpaceKHR color_space = VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR;
	if (format_count == 1 && formats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
		// If the format list includes just one entry of VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, the surface has no preferred format.
		format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
		color_space = formats[0].colorSpace;
	} else if (format_count > 0) {
		// Use one of the supported formats, prefer B8G8R8A8_UNORM.
		const VkFormat preferred_format = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
		const VkFormat second_format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < format_count; i++) {
			if (formats[i].format == preferred_format || formats[i].format == second_format) {
				format = formats[i].format;
				if (formats[i].format == preferred_format) {
					// This is the preferred format, stop searching.
					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// No formats are supported.
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, SwapChainID(), "Surface did not return any valid formats.");

	// Create the render pass for the chosen format.
	VkAttachmentDescription2KHR attachment = {};
	attachment.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2_KHR;
	attachment.format = format;
	attachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	attachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	attachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	attachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	attachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	attachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

	VkAttachmentReference2KHR color_reference = {};
	color_reference.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2_KHR;
	color_reference.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkSubpassDescription2KHR subpass = {};
	subpass.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2_KHR;
	subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
	subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
	subpass.pColorAttachments = &color_reference;

	VkRenderPassCreateInfo2KHR pass_info = {};
	pass_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2_KHR;
	pass_info.attachmentCount = 1;
	pass_info.pAttachments = &attachment;
	pass_info.subpassCount = 1;
	pass_info.pSubpasses = &subpass;

	VkRenderPass render_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	err = _create_render_pass(vk_device, &pass_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS), &render_pass);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, SwapChainID());

	SwapChain *swap_chain = memnew(SwapChain);
	swap_chain->surface = p_surface;
	swap_chain->format = format;
	swap_chain->color_space = color_space;
	swap_chain->render_pass = RenderPassID(render_pass);
	return SwapChainID(swap_chain);
}

Error RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_resize(CommandQueueID p_cmd_queue, SwapChainID p_swap_chain, uint32_t p_desired_framebuffer_count) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue.id != 0);
	DEV_ASSERT(p_swap_chain.id != 0);

	CommandQueue *command_queue = (CommandQueue *)(p_cmd_queue.id);
	SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chain.id);

	// Release all current contents of the swap chain.
	_swap_chain_release(swap_chain);

	// Validate if the command queue being used supports creating the swap chain for this surface.
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (!context_driver->queue_family_supports_present(physical_device, command_queue->queue_family, swap_chain->surface)) {
		ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(ERR_CANT_CREATE, "Surface is not supported by device. Did the GPU go offline? Was the window created on another monitor? Check"
										"previous errors & try launching with --gpu-validation.");
	}

	// Retrieve the surface's capabilities.
	RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Surface *surface = (RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Surface *)(swap_chain->surface);
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surface_capabilities = {};
	VkResult err = functions.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_device, surface->vk_surface, &surface_capabilities);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	VkExtent2D extent;
	if (surface_capabilities.currentExtent.width == 0xFFFFFFFF) {
		// The current extent is currently undefined, so the current surface width and height will be clamped to the surface's capabilities.
		extent.width = CLAMP(surface->width, surface_capabilities.minImageExtent.width, surface_capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
		extent.height = CLAMP(surface->height, surface_capabilities.minImageExtent.height, surface_capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);
	} else {
		// Grab the dimensions from the current extent.
		extent = surface_capabilities.currentExtent;
		surface->width = extent.width;
		surface->height = extent.height;
	}

	if (surface->width == 0 || surface->height == 0) {
		// The surface doesn't have valid dimensions, so we can't create a swap chain.
		return ERR_SKIP;
	}

	// Find what present modes are supported.
	TightLocalVector<VkPresentModeKHR> present_modes;
	uint32_t present_modes_count = 0;
	err = functions.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface->vk_surface, &present_modes_count, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	present_modes.resize(present_modes_count);
	err = functions.GetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface->vk_surface, &present_modes_count, present_modes.ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	// Choose the present mode based on the display server setting.
	VkPresentModeKHR present_mode = VkPresentModeKHR::VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
	String present_mode_name = "Enabled";
	switch (surface->vsync_mode) {
		case DisplayServer::VSYNC_MAILBOX:
			present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
			present_mode_name = "Mailbox";
			break;
		case DisplayServer::VSYNC_ADAPTIVE:
			present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR;
			present_mode_name = "Adaptive";
			break;
		case DisplayServer::VSYNC_ENABLED:
			present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
			present_mode_name = "Enabled";
			break;
		case DisplayServer::VSYNC_DISABLED:
			present_mode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR;
			present_mode_name = "Disabled";
			break;
	}

	bool present_mode_available = present_modes.has(present_mode);
	if (present_mode_available) {
		print_verbose("Using present mode: " + present_mode_name);
	} else {
		// Present mode is not available, fall back to FIFO which is guaranteed to be supported.
		WARN_PRINT(vformat("The requested V-Sync mode %s is not available. Falling back to V-Sync mode Enabled.", present_mode_name));
		surface->vsync_mode = DisplayServer::VSYNC_ENABLED;
		present_mode = VkPresentModeKHR::VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
	}

	// Clamp the desired image count to the surface's capabilities.
	uint32_t desired_swapchain_images = MAX(p_desired_framebuffer_count, surface_capabilities.minImageCount);
	if (surface_capabilities.maxImageCount > 0) {
		// Only clamp to the max image count if it's defined. A max image count of 0 means there's no upper limit to the amount of images.
		desired_swapchain_images = MIN(desired_swapchain_images, surface_capabilities.maxImageCount);
	}

	// Prefer identity transform if it's supported, use the current transform otherwise.
	// This behavior is intended as Godot does not supported native rotation in platforms that use these bits.
	// Refer to the comment in command_queue_present() for more details.
	VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR surface_transform_bits;
	if (surface_capabilities.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR) {
		surface_transform_bits = VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR;
	} else {
		surface_transform_bits = surface_capabilities.currentTransform;
	}

	VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
	if (OS::get_singleton()->is_layered_allowed() || !(surface_capabilities.supportedCompositeAlpha & composite_alpha)) {
		// Find a supported composite alpha mode - one of these is guaranteed to be set.
		VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR composite_alpha_flags[4] = {
			VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
			VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR,
			VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR,
			VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR
		};

		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(composite_alpha_flags); i++) {
			if (surface_capabilities.supportedCompositeAlpha & composite_alpha_flags[i]) {
				composite_alpha = composite_alpha_flags[i];
				break;
			}
		}
		has_comp_alpha[(uint64_t)p_cmd_queue.id] = (composite_alpha != VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR);
	}

	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swap_create_info = {};
	swap_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
	swap_create_info.surface = surface->vk_surface;
	swap_create_info.minImageCount = desired_swapchain_images;
	swap_create_info.imageFormat = swap_chain->format;
	swap_create_info.imageColorSpace = swap_chain->color_space;
	swap_create_info.imageExtent = extent;
	swap_create_info.imageArrayLayers = 1;
	swap_create_info.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
	swap_create_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
	swap_create_info.preTransform = surface_transform_bits;
	swap_create_info.compositeAlpha = composite_alpha;
	swap_create_info.presentMode = present_mode;
	swap_create_info.clipped = true;
	err = device_functions.CreateSwapchainKHR(vk_device, &swap_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_KHR), &swap_chain->vk_swapchain);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	uint32_t image_count = 0;
	err = device_functions.GetSwapchainImagesKHR(vk_device, swap_chain->vk_swapchain, &image_count, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	swap_chain->images.resize(image_count);
	err = device_functions.GetSwapchainImagesKHR(vk_device, swap_chain->vk_swapchain, &image_count, swap_chain->images.ptr());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

	VkImageViewCreateInfo view_create_info = {};
	view_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	view_create_info.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
	view_create_info.format = swap_chain->format;
	view_create_info.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
	view_create_info.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
	view_create_info.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
	view_create_info.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
	view_create_info.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	view_create_info.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
	view_create_info.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

	swap_chain->image_views.reserve(image_count);

	VkImageView image_view;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < image_count; i++) {
		view_create_info.image = swap_chain->images[i];
		err = vkCreateImageView(vk_device, &view_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW), &image_view);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

		swap_chain->image_views.push_back(image_view);
	}

	swap_chain->framebuffers.reserve(image_count);

	VkFramebufferCreateInfo fb_create_info = {};
	fb_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	fb_create_info.renderPass = VkRenderPass(swap_chain->render_pass.id);
	fb_create_info.attachmentCount = 1;
	fb_create_info.width = surface->width;
	fb_create_info.height = surface->height;
	fb_create_info.layers = 1;

	VkFramebuffer framebuffer;
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < image_count; i++) {
		fb_create_info.pAttachments = &swap_chain->image_views[i];
		err = vkCreateFramebuffer(vk_device, &fb_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER), &framebuffer);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, ERR_CANT_CREATE);

		swap_chain->framebuffers.push_back(RDD::FramebufferID(framebuffer));
	}

	// Once everything's been created correctly, indicate the surface no longer needs to be resized.
	context_driver->surface_set_needs_resize(swap_chain->surface, false);

	return OK;
}

RDD::FramebufferID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_acquire_framebuffer(CommandQueueID p_cmd_queue, SwapChainID p_swap_chain, bool &r_resize_required) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_cmd_queue);
	DEV_ASSERT(p_swap_chain);

	CommandQueue *command_queue = (CommandQueue *)(p_cmd_queue.id);
	SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chain.id);
	if ((swap_chain->vk_swapchain == VK_NULL_HANDLE) || context_driver->surface_get_needs_resize(swap_chain->surface)) {
		// The surface does not have a valid swap chain or it indicates it requires a resize.
		r_resize_required = true;
		return FramebufferID();
	}

	VkResult err;
	VkSemaphore semaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	uint32_t semaphore_index = 0;
	if (command_queue->free_image_semaphores.is_empty()) {
		// Add a new semaphore if none are free.
		VkSemaphoreCreateInfo create_info = {};
		create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
		err = vkCreateSemaphore(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SEMAPHORE), &semaphore);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS, FramebufferID());

		semaphore_index = command_queue->image_semaphores.size();
		command_queue->image_semaphores.push_back(semaphore);
		command_queue->image_semaphores_swap_chains.push_back(swap_chain);
	} else {
		// Pick a free semaphore.
		uint32_t free_index = command_queue->free_image_semaphores.size() - 1;
		semaphore_index = command_queue->free_image_semaphores[free_index];
		command_queue->image_semaphores_swap_chains[semaphore_index] = swap_chain;
		command_queue->free_image_semaphores.remove_at(free_index);
		semaphore = command_queue->image_semaphores[semaphore_index];
	}

	// Store in the swap chain the acquired semaphore.
	swap_chain->command_queues_acquired.push_back(command_queue);
	swap_chain->command_queues_acquired_semaphores.push_back(semaphore_index);

	err = device_functions.AcquireNextImageKHR(vk_device, swap_chain->vk_swapchain, UINT64_MAX, semaphore, VK_NULL_HANDLE, &swap_chain->image_index);
	if (err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
		// Out of date leaves the semaphore in a signaled state that will never finish, so it's necessary to recreate it.
		bool semaphore_recreated = _recreate_image_semaphore(command_queue, semaphore_index, true);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!semaphore_recreated, FramebufferID());

		// Swap chain is out of date and must be recreated.
		r_resize_required = true;
		return FramebufferID();
	} else if (err != VK_SUCCESS && err != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
		// Swap chain failed to present but the reason is unknown.
		// Refer to the comment in command_queue_present() as to why VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR is handled the same as VK_SUCCESS.
		return FramebufferID();
	}

	// Indicate the command queue should wait on these semaphores on the next submission and that it should
	// indicate they're free again on the next fence.
	command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_execute.push_back(semaphore_index);
	command_queue->pending_semaphores_for_fence.push_back(semaphore_index);

	// Return the corresponding framebuffer to the new current image.
	return swap_chain->framebuffers[swap_chain->image_index];
}

RDD::RenderPassID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_get_render_pass(SwapChainID p_swap_chain) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_swap_chain.id != 0);

	SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chain.id);
	return swap_chain->render_pass;
}

RDD::DataFormat RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_get_format(SwapChainID p_swap_chain) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_swap_chain.id != 0);

	SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chain.id);
	switch (swap_chain->format) {
		case VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM:
			return DATA_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
		case VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM:
			return DATA_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
		default:
			DEV_ASSERT(false && "Unknown swap chain format.");
			return DATA_FORMAT_MAX;
	}
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::swap_chain_free(SwapChainID p_swap_chain) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_swap_chain.id != 0);

	SwapChain *swap_chain = (SwapChain *)(p_swap_chain.id);
	_swap_chain_release(swap_chain);

	if (swap_chain->render_pass.id != 0) {
		vkDestroyRenderPass(vk_device, VkRenderPass(swap_chain->render_pass.id), VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS));
	}

	memdelete(swap_chain);
}

/*********************/
/**** FRAMEBUFFER ****/
/*********************/

RDD::FramebufferID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::framebuffer_create(RenderPassID p_render_pass, VectorView<TextureID> p_attachments, uint32_t p_width, uint32_t p_height) {
	VkImageView *vk_img_views = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkImageView, p_attachments.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_attachments.size(); i++) {
		vk_img_views[i] = ((const TextureInfo *)p_attachments[i].id)->vk_view;
	}

	VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebuffer_create_info = {};
	framebuffer_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	framebuffer_create_info.renderPass = (VkRenderPass)p_render_pass.id;
	framebuffer_create_info.attachmentCount = p_attachments.size();
	framebuffer_create_info.pAttachments = vk_img_views;
	framebuffer_create_info.width = p_width;
	framebuffer_create_info.height = p_height;
	framebuffer_create_info.layers = 1;

	VkFramebuffer vk_framebuffer = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateFramebuffer(vk_device, &framebuffer_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER), &vk_framebuffer);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, FramebufferID(), "vkCreateFramebuffer failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCreateFramebuffer 0x%uX with %d attachments", uint64_t(vk_framebuffer), p_attachments.size()));
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_attachments.size(); i++) {
		const TextureInfo *attachment_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_attachments[i].id;
		print_line(vformat("  Attachment #%d: IMAGE 0x%uX VIEW 0x%uX", i, uint64_t(attachment_info->vk_view_create_info.image), uint64_t(attachment_info->vk_view)));
	}
#endif

	return FramebufferID(vk_framebuffer);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::framebuffer_free(FramebufferID p_framebuffer) {
	vkDestroyFramebuffer(vk_device, (VkFramebuffer)p_framebuffer.id, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER));
}

/****************/
/**** SHADER ****/
/****************/

static VkShaderStageFlagBits RD_STAGE_TO_VK_SHADER_STAGE_BITS[RDD::SHADER_STAGE_MAX] = {
	VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
	VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
	VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_CONTROL_BIT,
	VK_SHADER_STAGE_TESSELLATION_EVALUATION_BIT,
	VK_SHADER_STAGE_COMPUTE_BIT,
};

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::shader_get_binary_cache_key() {
	return "Vulkan-SV" + uitos(ShaderBinary::VERSION);
}

Vector<uint8_t> RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::shader_compile_binary_from_spirv(VectorView<ShaderStageSPIRVData> p_spirv, const String &p_shader_name) {
	ShaderReflection shader_refl;
	if (_reflect_spirv(p_spirv, shader_refl) != OK) {
		return Vector<uint8_t>();
	}

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG((uint32_t)shader_refl.uniform_sets.size() > physical_device_properties.limits.maxBoundDescriptorSets, Vector<uint8_t>(),
			"Number of uniform sets is larger than what is supported by the hardware (" + itos(physical_device_properties.limits.maxBoundDescriptorSets) + ").");

	// Collect reflection data into binary data.
	ShaderBinary::Data binary_data;
	Vector<Vector<ShaderBinary::DataBinding>> uniforms; // Set bindings.
	Vector<ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant> specialization_constants;
	{
		binary_data.vertex_input_mask = shader_refl.vertex_input_mask;
		binary_data.fragment_output_mask = shader_refl.fragment_output_mask;
		binary_data.specialization_constants_count = shader_refl.specialization_constants.size();
		binary_data.is_compute = shader_refl.is_compute;
		binary_data.compute_local_size[0] = shader_refl.compute_local_size[0];
		binary_data.compute_local_size[1] = shader_refl.compute_local_size[1];
		binary_data.compute_local_size[2] = shader_refl.compute_local_size[2];
		binary_data.set_count = shader_refl.uniform_sets.size();
		binary_data.push_constant_size = shader_refl.push_constant_size;
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SHADER_STAGE_MAX; i++) {
			if (shader_refl.push_constant_stages.has_flag((ShaderStage)(1 << i))) {
				binary_data.vk_push_constant_stages_mask |= RD_STAGE_TO_VK_SHADER_STAGE_BITS[i];
			}
		}

		for (const Vector<ShaderUniform> &set_refl : shader_refl.uniform_sets) {
			Vector<ShaderBinary::DataBinding> set_bindings;
			for (const ShaderUniform &uniform_refl : set_refl) {
				ShaderBinary::DataBinding binding;
				binding.type = (uint32_t)uniform_refl.type;
				binding.binding = uniform_refl.binding;
				binding.stages = (uint32_t)uniform_refl.stages;
				binding.length = uniform_refl.length;
				binding.writable = (uint32_t)uniform_refl.writable;
				set_bindings.push_back(binding);
			}
			uniforms.push_back(set_bindings);
		}

		for (const ShaderSpecializationConstant &refl_sc : shader_refl.specialization_constants) {
			ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant spec_constant;
			spec_constant.type = (uint32_t)refl_sc.type;
			spec_constant.constant_id = refl_sc.constant_id;
			spec_constant.int_value = refl_sc.int_value;
			spec_constant.stage_flags = (uint32_t)refl_sc.stages;
			specialization_constants.push_back(spec_constant);
		}
	}

	Vector<Vector<uint8_t>> compressed_stages;
	Vector<uint32_t> smolv_size;
	Vector<uint32_t> zstd_size; // If 0, zstd not used.

	uint32_t stages_binary_size = 0;

	bool strip_debug = false;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_spirv.size(); i++) {
		smolv::ByteArray smolv;
		if (!smolv::Encode(p_spirv[i].spirv.ptr(), p_spirv[i].spirv.size(), smolv, strip_debug ? smolv::kEncodeFlagStripDebugInfo : 0)) {
			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(Vector<uint8_t>(), "Error compressing shader stage :" + String(SHADER_STAGE_NAMES[p_spirv[i].shader_stage]));
		} else {
			smolv_size.push_back(smolv.size());
			{ // zstd.
				Vector<uint8_t> zstd;
				zstd.resize(Compression::get_max_compressed_buffer_size(smolv.size(), Compression::MODE_ZSTD));
				int dst_size = Compression::compress(zstd.ptrw(), &smolv[0], smolv.size(), Compression::MODE_ZSTD);

				if (dst_size > 0 && (uint32_t)dst_size < smolv.size()) {
					zstd_size.push_back(dst_size);
					zstd.resize(dst_size);
					compressed_stages.push_back(zstd);
				} else {
					Vector<uint8_t> smv;
					smv.resize(smolv.size());
					memcpy(smv.ptrw(), &smolv[0], smolv.size());
					zstd_size.push_back(0); // Not using zstd.
					compressed_stages.push_back(smv);
				}
			}
		}
		uint32_t s = compressed_stages[i].size();
		stages_binary_size += STEPIFY(s, 4);
	}

	binary_data.specialization_constants_count = specialization_constants.size();
	binary_data.set_count = uniforms.size();
	binary_data.stage_count = p_spirv.size();

	CharString shader_name_utf = p_shader_name.utf8();

	binary_data.shader_name_len = shader_name_utf.length();

	uint32_t total_size = sizeof(uint32_t) * 3; // Header + version + main datasize;.
	total_size += sizeof(ShaderBinary::Data);

	total_size += STEPIFY(binary_data.shader_name_len, 4);

	for (int i = 0; i < uniforms.size(); i++) {
		total_size += sizeof(uint32_t);
		total_size += uniforms[i].size() * sizeof(ShaderBinary::DataBinding);
	}

	total_size += sizeof(ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant) * specialization_constants.size();

	total_size += compressed_stages.size() * sizeof(uint32_t) * 3; // Sizes.
	total_size += stages_binary_size;

	Vector<uint8_t> ret;
	ret.resize(total_size);
	{
		uint32_t offset = 0;
		uint8_t *binptr = ret.ptrw();
		binptr[0] = 'G';
		binptr[1] = 'S';
		binptr[2] = 'B';
		binptr[3] = 'D'; // Godot Shader Binary Data.
		offset += 4;
		encode_uint32(ShaderBinary::VERSION, binptr + offset);
		offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		encode_uint32(sizeof(ShaderBinary::Data), binptr + offset);
		offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		memcpy(binptr + offset, &binary_data, sizeof(ShaderBinary::Data));
		offset += sizeof(ShaderBinary::Data);

#define ADVANCE_OFFSET_WITH_ALIGNMENT(m_bytes)                         \
	{                                                                  \
		offset += m_bytes;                                             \
		uint32_t padding = STEPIFY(m_bytes, 4) - m_bytes;              \
		memset(binptr + offset, 0, padding); /* Avoid garbage data. */ \
		offset += padding;                                             \
	}

		if (binary_data.shader_name_len > 0) {
			memcpy(binptr + offset, shader_name_utf.ptr(), binary_data.shader_name_len);
			ADVANCE_OFFSET_WITH_ALIGNMENT(binary_data.shader_name_len);
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < uniforms.size(); i++) {
			int count = uniforms[i].size();
			encode_uint32(count, binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			if (count > 0) {
				memcpy(binptr + offset, uniforms[i].ptr(), sizeof(ShaderBinary::DataBinding) * count);
				offset += sizeof(ShaderBinary::DataBinding) * count;
			}
		}

		if (specialization_constants.size()) {
			memcpy(binptr + offset, specialization_constants.ptr(), sizeof(ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant) * specialization_constants.size());
			offset += sizeof(ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant) * specialization_constants.size();
		}

		for (int i = 0; i < compressed_stages.size(); i++) {
			encode_uint32(p_spirv[i].shader_stage, binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			encode_uint32(smolv_size[i], binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			encode_uint32(zstd_size[i], binptr + offset);
			offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
			memcpy(binptr + offset, compressed_stages[i].ptr(), compressed_stages[i].size());
			ADVANCE_OFFSET_WITH_ALIGNMENT(compressed_stages[i].size());
		}

		DEV_ASSERT(offset == (uint32_t)ret.size());
	}

	return ret;
}

RDD::ShaderID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::shader_create_from_bytecode(const Vector<uint8_t> &p_shader_binary, ShaderDescription &r_shader_desc, String &r_name) {
	r_shader_desc = {}; // Driver-agnostic.
	ShaderInfo shader_info; // Driver-specific.

	const uint8_t *binptr = p_shader_binary.ptr();
	uint32_t binsize = p_shader_binary.size();

	uint32_t read_offset = 0;

	// Consistency check.
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(binsize < sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + sizeof(ShaderBinary::Data), ShaderID());
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(binptr[0] != 'G' || binptr[1] != 'S' || binptr[2] != 'B' || binptr[3] != 'D', ShaderID());

	uint32_t bin_version = decode_uint32(binptr + 4);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(bin_version != ShaderBinary::VERSION, ShaderID());

	uint32_t bin_data_size = decode_uint32(binptr + 8);

	const ShaderBinary::Data &binary_data = *(reinterpret_cast<const ShaderBinary::Data *>(binptr + 12));

	r_shader_desc.push_constant_size = binary_data.push_constant_size;
	shader_info.vk_push_constant_stages = binary_data.vk_push_constant_stages_mask;

	r_shader_desc.vertex_input_mask = binary_data.vertex_input_mask;
	r_shader_desc.fragment_output_mask = binary_data.fragment_output_mask;

	r_shader_desc.is_compute = binary_data.is_compute;
	r_shader_desc.compute_local_size[0] = binary_data.compute_local_size[0];
	r_shader_desc.compute_local_size[1] = binary_data.compute_local_size[1];
	r_shader_desc.compute_local_size[2] = binary_data.compute_local_size[2];

	read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 + bin_data_size;

	if (binary_data.shader_name_len) {
		r_name.parse_utf8((const char *)(binptr + read_offset), binary_data.shader_name_len);
		read_offset += STEPIFY(binary_data.shader_name_len, 4);
	}

	Vector<Vector<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding>> vk_set_bindings;

	r_shader_desc.uniform_sets.resize(binary_data.set_count);
	vk_set_bindings.resize(binary_data.set_count);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binary_data.set_count; i++) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset + sizeof(uint32_t) >= binsize, ShaderID());
		uint32_t set_count = decode_uint32(binptr + read_offset);
		read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		const ShaderBinary::DataBinding *set_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const ShaderBinary::DataBinding *>(binptr + read_offset);
		uint32_t set_size = set_count * sizeof(ShaderBinary::DataBinding);
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset + set_size >= binsize, ShaderID());

		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < set_count; j++) {
			ShaderUniform info;
			info.type = UniformType(set_ptr[j].type);
			info.writable = set_ptr[j].writable;
			info.length = set_ptr[j].length;
			info.binding = set_ptr[j].binding;
			info.stages = set_ptr[j].stages;

			VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding layout_binding = {};
			layout_binding.binding = set_ptr[j].binding;
			layout_binding.descriptorCount = 1;
			for (uint32_t k = 0; k < SHADER_STAGE_MAX; k++) {
				if ((set_ptr[j].stages & (1 << k))) {
					layout_binding.stageFlags |= RD_STAGE_TO_VK_SHADER_STAGE_BITS[k];
				}
			}

			switch (info.type) {
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
					layout_binding.descriptorCount = set_ptr[j].length;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
					layout_binding.descriptorCount = set_ptr[j].length;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
					layout_binding.descriptorCount = set_ptr[j].length;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
					layout_binding.descriptorCount = set_ptr[j].length;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE_BUFFER: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER;
					layout_binding.descriptorCount = set_ptr[j].length;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE_BUFFER: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
				} break;
				case UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT: {
					layout_binding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT;
				} break;
				default: {
					DEV_ASSERT(false);
				}
			}

			r_shader_desc.uniform_sets.write[i].push_back(info);
			vk_set_bindings.write[i].push_back(layout_binding);
		}

		read_offset += set_size;
	}

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset + binary_data.specialization_constants_count * sizeof(ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant) >= binsize, ShaderID());

	r_shader_desc.specialization_constants.resize(binary_data.specialization_constants_count);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binary_data.specialization_constants_count; i++) {
		const ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant &src_sc = *(reinterpret_cast<const ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant *>(binptr + read_offset));
		ShaderSpecializationConstant sc;
		sc.type = PipelineSpecializationConstantType(src_sc.type);
		sc.constant_id = src_sc.constant_id;
		sc.int_value = src_sc.int_value;
		sc.stages = src_sc.stage_flags;
		r_shader_desc.specialization_constants.write[i] = sc;

		read_offset += sizeof(ShaderBinary::SpecializationConstant);
	}

	Vector<Vector<uint8_t>> stages_spirv;
	stages_spirv.resize(binary_data.stage_count);
	r_shader_desc.stages.resize(binary_data.stage_count);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binary_data.stage_count; i++) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset + sizeof(uint32_t) * 3 >= binsize, ShaderID());

		uint32_t stage = decode_uint32(binptr + read_offset);
		read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		uint32_t smolv_size = decode_uint32(binptr + read_offset);
		read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t);
		uint32_t zstd_size = decode_uint32(binptr + read_offset);
		read_offset += sizeof(uint32_t);

		uint32_t buf_size = (zstd_size > 0) ? zstd_size : smolv_size;

		Vector<uint8_t> smolv;
		const uint8_t *src_smolv = nullptr;

		if (zstd_size > 0) {
			// Decompress to smolv.
			smolv.resize(smolv_size);
			int dec_smolv_size = Compression::decompress(smolv.ptrw(), smolv.size(), binptr + read_offset, zstd_size, Compression::MODE_ZSTD);
			ERR_FAIL_COND_V(dec_smolv_size != (int32_t)smolv_size, ShaderID());
			src_smolv = smolv.ptr();
		} else {
			src_smolv = binptr + read_offset;
		}

		Vector<uint8_t> &spirv = stages_spirv.ptrw()[i];
		uint32_t spirv_size = smolv::GetDecodedBufferSize(src_smolv, smolv_size);
		spirv.resize(spirv_size);
		if (!smolv::Decode(src_smolv, smolv_size, spirv.ptrw(), spirv_size)) {
			ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(ShaderID(), "Malformed smolv input uncompressing shader stage:" + String(SHADER_STAGE_NAMES[stage]));
		}

		r_shader_desc.stages.set(i, ShaderStage(stage));

		buf_size = STEPIFY(buf_size, 4);
		read_offset += buf_size;
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset > binsize, ShaderID());
	}

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(read_offset != binsize, ShaderID());

	// Modules.

	String error_text;

	for (int i = 0; i < r_shader_desc.stages.size(); i++) {
		VkShaderModuleCreateInfo shader_module_create_info = {};
		shader_module_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
		shader_module_create_info.codeSize = stages_spirv[i].size();
		shader_module_create_info.pCode = (const uint32_t *)stages_spirv[i].ptr();

		VkShaderModule vk_module = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		VkResult res = vkCreateShaderModule(vk_device, &shader_module_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE), &vk_module);
		if (res) {
			error_text = "Error (" + itos(res) + ") creating shader module for stage: " + String(SHADER_STAGE_NAMES[r_shader_desc.stages[i]]);
			break;
		}

		VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo create_info = {};
		create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
		create_info.stage = RD_STAGE_TO_VK_SHADER_STAGE_BITS[r_shader_desc.stages[i]];
		create_info.module = vk_module;
		create_info.pName = "main";

		shader_info.vk_stages_create_info.push_back(create_info);
	}

	// Descriptor sets.

	if (error_text.is_empty()) {
		DEV_ASSERT((uint32_t)vk_set_bindings.size() == binary_data.set_count);
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binary_data.set_count; i++) {
			// Empty ones are fine if they were not used according to spec (binding count will be 0).
			VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layout_create_info = {};
			layout_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
			layout_create_info.bindingCount = vk_set_bindings[i].size();
			layout_create_info.pBindings = vk_set_bindings[i].ptr();

			VkDescriptorSetLayout layout = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
			VkResult res = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(vk_device, &layout_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT), &layout);
			if (res) {
				error_text = "Error (" + itos(res) + ") creating descriptor set layout for set " + itos(i);
				break;
			}

			shader_info.vk_descriptor_set_layouts.push_back(layout);
		}
	}

	if (error_text.is_empty()) {
		// Pipeline layout.

		VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipeline_layout_create_info = {};
		pipeline_layout_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.setLayoutCount = binary_data.set_count;
		pipeline_layout_create_info.pSetLayouts = shader_info.vk_descriptor_set_layouts.ptr();

		if (binary_data.push_constant_size) {
			VkPushConstantRange *push_constant_range = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkPushConstantRange);
			*push_constant_range = {};
			push_constant_range->stageFlags = binary_data.vk_push_constant_stages_mask;
			push_constant_range->size = binary_data.push_constant_size;
			pipeline_layout_create_info.pushConstantRangeCount = 1;
			pipeline_layout_create_info.pPushConstantRanges = push_constant_range;
		}

		VkResult err = vkCreatePipelineLayout(vk_device, &pipeline_layout_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT), &shader_info.vk_pipeline_layout);
		if (err) {
			error_text = "Error (" + itos(err) + ") creating pipeline layout.";
		}
	}

	if (!error_text.is_empty()) {
		// Clean up if failed.
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < shader_info.vk_stages_create_info.size(); i++) {
			vkDestroyShaderModule(vk_device, shader_info.vk_stages_create_info[i].module, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE));
		}
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < binary_data.set_count; i++) {
			vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(vk_device, shader_info.vk_descriptor_set_layouts[i], VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT));
		}

		ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(ShaderID(), error_text);
	}

	// Bookkeep.

	ShaderInfo *shader_info_ptr = VersatileResource::allocate<ShaderInfo>(resources_allocator);
	*shader_info_ptr = shader_info;
	return ShaderID(shader_info_ptr);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::shader_free(ShaderID p_shader) {
	ShaderInfo *shader_info = (ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < shader_info->vk_descriptor_set_layouts.size(); i++) {
		vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(vk_device, shader_info->vk_descriptor_set_layouts[i], VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT));
	}

	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(vk_device, shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT));

	shader_destroy_modules(p_shader);

	VersatileResource::free(resources_allocator, shader_info);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::shader_destroy_modules(ShaderID p_shader) {
	ShaderInfo *si = (ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < si->vk_stages_create_info.size(); i++) {
		if (si->vk_stages_create_info[i].module) {
			vkDestroyShaderModule(vk_device, si->vk_stages_create_info[i].module,
					VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE));
			si->vk_stages_create_info[i].module = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
		}
	}
	si->vk_stages_create_info.clear();
}

/*********************/
/**** UNIFORM SET ****/
/*********************/

VkDescriptorPool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_descriptor_set_pool_find_or_create(const DescriptorSetPoolKey &p_key, DescriptorSetPools::Iterator *r_pool_sets_it) {
	DescriptorSetPools::Iterator pool_sets_it = descriptor_set_pools.find(p_key);

	if (pool_sets_it) {
		for (KeyValue<VkDescriptorPool, uint32_t> &E : pool_sets_it->value) {
			if (E.value < max_descriptor_sets_per_pool) {
				*r_pool_sets_it = pool_sets_it;
				return E.key;
			}
		}
	}

	// Create a new one.

	// Here comes more vulkan API strangeness.
	VkDescriptorPoolSize *vk_sizes = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorPoolSize, UNIFORM_TYPE_MAX);
	uint32_t vk_sizes_count = 0;
	{
		VkDescriptorPoolSize *curr_vk_size = vk_sizes;
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE_BUFFER] || p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE_BUFFER]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE_BUFFER] + p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE_BUFFER]) * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE_BUFFER]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_TEXEL_BUFFER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE_BUFFER] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		if (p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT]) {
			*curr_vk_size = {};
			curr_vk_size->type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT;
			curr_vk_size->descriptorCount = p_key.uniform_type[UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT] * max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
			curr_vk_size++;
			vk_sizes_count++;
		}
		DEV_ASSERT(vk_sizes_count <= UNIFORM_TYPE_MAX);
	}

	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptor_set_pool_create_info = {};
	descriptor_set_pool_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	descriptor_set_pool_create_info.flags = VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT; // Can't think how somebody may NOT need this flag.
	descriptor_set_pool_create_info.maxSets = max_descriptor_sets_per_pool;
	descriptor_set_pool_create_info.poolSizeCount = vk_sizes_count;
	descriptor_set_pool_create_info.pPoolSizes = vk_sizes;

	VkDescriptorPool vk_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = vkCreateDescriptorPool(vk_device, &descriptor_set_pool_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL), &vk_pool);
	if (res) {
		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, VK_NULL_HANDLE, "vkCreateDescriptorPool failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");
	}

	// Bookkeep.

	if (!pool_sets_it) {
		pool_sets_it = descriptor_set_pools.insert(p_key, HashMap<VkDescriptorPool, uint32_t>());
	}
	HashMap<VkDescriptorPool, uint32_t> &pool_rcs = pool_sets_it->value;
	pool_rcs.insert(vk_pool, 0);
	*r_pool_sets_it = pool_sets_it;
	return vk_pool;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::_descriptor_set_pool_unreference(DescriptorSetPools::Iterator p_pool_sets_it, VkDescriptorPool p_vk_descriptor_pool) {
	HashMap<VkDescriptorPool, uint32_t>::Iterator pool_rcs_it = p_pool_sets_it->value.find(p_vk_descriptor_pool);
	pool_rcs_it->value--;
	if (pool_rcs_it->value == 0) {
		vkDestroyDescriptorPool(vk_device, p_vk_descriptor_pool, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL));
		p_pool_sets_it->value.erase(p_vk_descriptor_pool);
		if (p_pool_sets_it->value.is_empty()) {
			descriptor_set_pools.remove(p_pool_sets_it);
		}
	}
}

RDD::UniformSetID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::uniform_set_create(VectorView<BoundUniform> p_uniforms, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) {
	DescriptorSetPoolKey pool_key;

	VkWriteDescriptorSet *vk_writes = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkWriteDescriptorSet, p_uniforms.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_uniforms.size(); i++) {
		const BoundUniform &uniform = p_uniforms[i];

		vk_writes[i] = {};
		vk_writes[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
		vk_writes[i].dstBinding = uniform.binding;
		vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_MAX_ENUM; // Invalid value.

		uint32_t num_descriptors = 1;

		switch (uniform.type) {
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size();
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].sampler = (VkSampler)uniform.ids[j].id;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLER;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size() / 2;
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].sampler = (VkSampler)uniform.ids[j * 2 + 0].id;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageView = ((const TextureInfo *)uniform.ids[j * 2 + 1].id)->vk_view;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size();
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].imageView = ((const TextureInfo *)uniform.ids[j].id)->vk_view;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_SAMPLED_IMAGE;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size();
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].imageView = ((const TextureInfo *)uniform.ids[j].id)->vk_view;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_IMAGE;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_TEXTURE_BUFFER: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size();
				VkDescriptorBufferInfo *vk_buf_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorBufferInfo, num_descriptors);
				VkBufferView *vk_buf_views = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBufferView, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)uniform.ids[j].id;
					vk_buf_infos[j] = {};
					vk_buf_infos[j].buffer = buf_info->vk_buffer;
					vk_buf_infos[j].range = buf_info->size;

					vk_buf_views[j] = buf_info->vk_view;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER;
				vk_writes[i].pBufferInfo = vk_buf_infos;
				vk_writes[i].pTexelBufferView = vk_buf_views;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_SAMPLER_WITH_TEXTURE_BUFFER: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size() / 2;
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);
				VkDescriptorBufferInfo *vk_buf_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorBufferInfo, num_descriptors);
				VkBufferView *vk_buf_views = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBufferView, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors; j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].sampler = (VkSampler)uniform.ids[j * 2 + 0].id;

					const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)uniform.ids[j * 2 + 1].id;
					vk_buf_infos[j] = {};
					vk_buf_infos[j].buffer = buf_info->vk_buffer;
					vk_buf_infos[j].range = buf_info->size;

					vk_buf_views[j] = buf_info->vk_view;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_TEXEL_BUFFER;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
				vk_writes[i].pBufferInfo = vk_buf_infos;
				vk_writes[i].pTexelBufferView = vk_buf_views;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_IMAGE_BUFFER: {
				CRASH_NOW_MSG("Unimplemented!"); // TODO.
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER: {
				const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)uniform.ids[0].id;
				VkDescriptorBufferInfo *vk_buf_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkDescriptorBufferInfo);
				*vk_buf_info = {};
				vk_buf_info->buffer = buf_info->vk_buffer;
				vk_buf_info->range = buf_info->size;

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
				vk_writes[i].pBufferInfo = vk_buf_info;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER: {
				const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)uniform.ids[0].id;
				VkDescriptorBufferInfo *vk_buf_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkDescriptorBufferInfo);
				*vk_buf_info = {};
				vk_buf_info->buffer = buf_info->vk_buffer;
				vk_buf_info->range = buf_info->size;

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_STORAGE_BUFFER;
				vk_writes[i].pBufferInfo = vk_buf_info;
			} break;
			case UNIFORM_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT: {
				num_descriptors = uniform.ids.size();
				VkDescriptorImageInfo *vk_img_infos = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDescriptorImageInfo, num_descriptors);

				for (uint32_t j = 0; j < uniform.ids.size(); j++) {
					vk_img_infos[j] = {};
					vk_img_infos[j].imageView = ((const TextureInfo *)uniform.ids[j].id)->vk_view;
					vk_img_infos[j].imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
				}

				vk_writes[i].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_INPUT_ATTACHMENT;
				vk_writes[i].pImageInfo = vk_img_infos;
			} break;
			default: {
				DEV_ASSERT(false);
			}
		}

		vk_writes[i].descriptorCount = num_descriptors;

		ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(pool_key.uniform_type[uniform.type] == MAX_UNIFORM_POOL_ELEMENT, UniformSetID(),
				"Uniform set reached the limit of bindings for the same type (" + itos(MAX_UNIFORM_POOL_ELEMENT) + ").");
		pool_key.uniform_type[uniform.type] += num_descriptors;
	}

	// Need a descriptor pool.
	DescriptorSetPools::Iterator pool_sets_it = {};
	VkDescriptorPool vk_pool = _descriptor_set_pool_find_or_create(pool_key, &pool_sets_it);
	DEV_ASSERT(vk_pool);
	pool_sets_it->value[vk_pool]++;

	VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descriptor_set_allocate_info = {};
	descriptor_set_allocate_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	descriptor_set_allocate_info.descriptorPool = vk_pool;
	descriptor_set_allocate_info.descriptorSetCount = 1;
	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;
	descriptor_set_allocate_info.pSetLayouts = &shader_info->vk_descriptor_set_layouts[p_set_index];

	VkDescriptorSet vk_descriptor_set = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(vk_device, &descriptor_set_allocate_info, &vk_descriptor_set);
	if (res) {
		_descriptor_set_pool_unreference(pool_sets_it, vk_pool);
		ERR_FAIL_V_MSG(UniformSetID(), "Cannot allocate descriptor sets, error " + itos(res) + ".");
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_uniforms.size(); i++) {
		vk_writes[i].dstSet = vk_descriptor_set;
	}
	vkUpdateDescriptorSets(vk_device, p_uniforms.size(), vk_writes, 0, nullptr);

	// Bookkeep.

	UniformSetInfo *usi = VersatileResource::allocate<UniformSetInfo>(resources_allocator);
	usi->vk_descriptor_set = vk_descriptor_set;
	usi->vk_descriptor_pool = vk_pool;
	usi->pool_sets_it = pool_sets_it;

	return UniformSetID(usi);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::uniform_set_free(UniformSetID p_uniform_set) {
	UniformSetInfo *usi = (UniformSetInfo *)p_uniform_set.id;
	vkFreeDescriptorSets(vk_device, usi->vk_descriptor_pool, 1, &usi->vk_descriptor_set);

	_descriptor_set_pool_unreference(usi->pool_sets_it, usi->vk_descriptor_pool);

	VersatileResource::free(resources_allocator, usi);
}

// ----- COMMANDS -----

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_uniform_set_prepare_for_use(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, UniformSetID p_uniform_set, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) {
}

/******************/
/**** TRANSFER ****/
/******************/

static_assert(ARRAYS_COMPATIBLE_FIELDWISE(RDD::BufferCopyRegion, VkBufferCopy));

static void _texture_subresource_range_to_vk(const RDD::TextureSubresourceRange &p_subresources, VkImageSubresourceRange *r_vk_subreources) {
	*r_vk_subreources = {};
	r_vk_subreources->aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)p_subresources.aspect;
	r_vk_subreources->baseMipLevel = p_subresources.base_mipmap;
	r_vk_subreources->levelCount = p_subresources.mipmap_count;
	r_vk_subreources->baseArrayLayer = p_subresources.base_layer;
	r_vk_subreources->layerCount = p_subresources.layer_count;
}

static void _texture_subresource_layers_to_vk(const RDD::TextureSubresourceLayers &p_subresources, VkImageSubresourceLayers *r_vk_subreources) {
	*r_vk_subreources = {};
	r_vk_subreources->aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)p_subresources.aspect;
	r_vk_subreources->mipLevel = p_subresources.mipmap;
	r_vk_subreources->baseArrayLayer = p_subresources.base_layer;
	r_vk_subreources->layerCount = p_subresources.layer_count;
}

static void _buffer_texture_copy_region_to_vk(const RDD::BufferTextureCopyRegion &p_copy_region, VkBufferImageCopy *r_vk_copy_region) {
	*r_vk_copy_region = {};
	r_vk_copy_region->bufferOffset = p_copy_region.buffer_offset;
	_texture_subresource_layers_to_vk(p_copy_region.texture_subresources, &r_vk_copy_region->imageSubresource);
	r_vk_copy_region->imageOffset.x = p_copy_region.texture_offset.x;
	r_vk_copy_region->imageOffset.y = p_copy_region.texture_offset.y;
	r_vk_copy_region->imageOffset.z = p_copy_region.texture_offset.z;
	r_vk_copy_region->imageExtent.width = p_copy_region.texture_region_size.x;
	r_vk_copy_region->imageExtent.height = p_copy_region.texture_region_size.y;
	r_vk_copy_region->imageExtent.depth = p_copy_region.texture_region_size.z;
}

static void _texture_copy_region_to_vk(const RDD::TextureCopyRegion &p_copy_region, VkImageCopy *r_vk_copy_region) {
	*r_vk_copy_region = {};
	_texture_subresource_layers_to_vk(p_copy_region.src_subresources, &r_vk_copy_region->srcSubresource);
	r_vk_copy_region->srcOffset.x = p_copy_region.src_offset.x;
	r_vk_copy_region->srcOffset.y = p_copy_region.src_offset.y;
	r_vk_copy_region->srcOffset.z = p_copy_region.src_offset.z;
	_texture_subresource_layers_to_vk(p_copy_region.dst_subresources, &r_vk_copy_region->dstSubresource);
	r_vk_copy_region->dstOffset.x = p_copy_region.dst_offset.x;
	r_vk_copy_region->dstOffset.y = p_copy_region.dst_offset.y;
	r_vk_copy_region->dstOffset.z = p_copy_region.dst_offset.z;
	r_vk_copy_region->extent.width = p_copy_region.size.x;
	r_vk_copy_region->extent.height = p_copy_region.size.y;
	r_vk_copy_region->extent.depth = p_copy_region.size.z;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_clear_buffer(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_buffer, uint64_t p_offset, uint64_t p_size) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	vkCmdFillBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, p_size, 0);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_copy_buffer(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_src_buffer, BufferID p_dst_buffer, VectorView<BufferCopyRegion> p_regions) {
	const BufferInfo *src_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_src_buffer.id;
	const BufferInfo *dst_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_dst_buffer.id;
	vkCmdCopyBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, src_buf_info->vk_buffer, dst_buf_info->vk_buffer, p_regions.size(), (const VkBufferCopy *)p_regions.ptr());
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_copy_texture(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, TextureID p_src_texture, TextureLayout p_src_texture_layout, TextureID p_dst_texture, TextureLayout p_dst_texture_layout, VectorView<TextureCopyRegion> p_regions) {
	VkImageCopy *vk_copy_regions = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkImageCopy, p_regions.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_regions.size(); i++) {
		_texture_copy_region_to_vk(p_regions[i], &vk_copy_regions[i]);
	}

	const TextureInfo *src_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_src_texture.id;
	const TextureInfo *dst_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_dst_texture.id;
	vkCmdCopyImage((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, src_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_src_texture_layout], dst_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_dst_texture_layout], p_regions.size(), vk_copy_regions);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_resolve_texture(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, TextureID p_src_texture, TextureLayout p_src_texture_layout, uint32_t p_src_layer, uint32_t p_src_mipmap, TextureID p_dst_texture, TextureLayout p_dst_texture_layout, uint32_t p_dst_layer, uint32_t p_dst_mipmap) {
	const TextureInfo *src_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_src_texture.id;
	const TextureInfo *dst_tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_dst_texture.id;

	VkImageResolve vk_resolve = {};
	vk_resolve.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	vk_resolve.srcSubresource.mipLevel = p_src_mipmap;
	vk_resolve.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = p_src_layer;
	vk_resolve.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
	vk_resolve.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	vk_resolve.dstSubresource.mipLevel = p_dst_mipmap;
	vk_resolve.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = p_dst_layer;
	vk_resolve.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
	vk_resolve.extent.width = MAX(1u, src_tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.width >> p_src_mipmap);
	vk_resolve.extent.height = MAX(1u, src_tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.height >> p_src_mipmap);
	vk_resolve.extent.depth = MAX(1u, src_tex_info->vk_create_info.extent.depth >> p_src_mipmap);

	vkCmdResolveImage((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, src_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_src_texture_layout], dst_tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_dst_texture_layout], 1, &vk_resolve);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_clear_color_texture(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, TextureID p_texture, TextureLayout p_texture_layout, const Color &p_color, const TextureSubresourceRange &p_subresources) {
	VkClearColorValue vk_color = {};
	memcpy(&vk_color.float32, p_color.components, sizeof(VkClearColorValue::float32));

	VkImageSubresourceRange vk_subresources = {};
	_texture_subresource_range_to_vk(p_subresources, &vk_subresources);

	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_texture.id;
	vkCmdClearColorImage((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_texture_layout], &vk_color, 1, &vk_subresources);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_copy_buffer_to_texture(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_src_buffer, TextureID p_dst_texture, TextureLayout p_dst_texture_layout, VectorView<BufferTextureCopyRegion> p_regions) {
	VkBufferImageCopy *vk_copy_regions = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBufferImageCopy, p_regions.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_regions.size(); i++) {
		_buffer_texture_copy_region_to_vk(p_regions[i], &vk_copy_regions[i]);
	}

	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_src_buffer.id;
	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_dst_texture.id;
	vkCmdCopyBufferToImage((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_dst_texture_layout], p_regions.size(), vk_copy_regions);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_copy_texture_to_buffer(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, TextureID p_src_texture, TextureLayout p_src_texture_layout, BufferID p_dst_buffer, VectorView<BufferTextureCopyRegion> p_regions) {
	VkBufferImageCopy *vk_copy_regions = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBufferImageCopy, p_regions.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_regions.size(); i++) {
		_buffer_texture_copy_region_to_vk(p_regions[i], &vk_copy_regions[i]);
	}

	const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_src_texture.id;
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_dst_buffer.id;
	vkCmdCopyImageToBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_src_texture_layout], buf_info->vk_buffer, p_regions.size(), vk_copy_regions);
}

/******************/
/**** PIPELINE ****/
/******************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::pipeline_free(PipelineID p_pipeline) {
	vkDestroyPipeline(vk_device, (VkPipeline)p_pipeline.id, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE));
}

// ----- BINDING -----

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_bind_push_constants(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_dst_first_index, VectorView<uint32_t> p_data) {
	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;
	vkCmdPushConstants((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout, shader_info->vk_push_constant_stages, p_dst_first_index * sizeof(uint32_t), p_data.size() * sizeof(uint32_t), p_data.ptr());
}

// ----- CACHE -----

int RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::caching_instance_count = 0;

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::pipeline_cache_create(const Vector<uint8_t> &p_data) {
	if (caching_instance_count) {
		WARN_PRINT("There's already a RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan instance doing PSO caching. Only one can at the same time. This one won't.");
		return false;
	}
	caching_instance_count++;

	pipelines_cache.current_size = 0;
	pipelines_cache.buffer.resize(sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader));

	// Parse.
	{
		if (p_data.is_empty()) {
			// No pre-existing cache, just create it.
		} else if (p_data.size() <= (int)sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader)) {
			print_verbose("Invalid/corrupt Vulkan pipelines cache. Existing shader pipeline cache will be ignored, which may result in stuttering during gameplay.");
		} else {
			const PipelineCacheHeader *loaded_header = reinterpret_cast<const PipelineCacheHeader *>(p_data.ptr());
			if (loaded_header->magic != 868 + VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_HEADER_VERSION_ONE) {
				print_verbose("Invalid Vulkan pipelines cache magic number. Existing shader pipeline cache will be ignored, which may result in stuttering during gameplay.");
			} else {
				const uint8_t *loaded_buffer_start = p_data.ptr() + sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader);
				uint32_t loaded_buffer_size = p_data.size() - sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader);
				const PipelineCacheHeader *current_header = (PipelineCacheHeader *)pipelines_cache.buffer.ptr();
				if (loaded_header->data_hash != hash_murmur3_buffer(loaded_buffer_start, loaded_buffer_size) ||
						loaded_header->data_size != loaded_buffer_size ||
						loaded_header->vendor_id != current_header->vendor_id ||
						loaded_header->device_id != current_header->device_id ||
						loaded_header->driver_version != current_header->driver_version ||
						memcmp(loaded_header->uuid, current_header->uuid, VK_UUID_SIZE) != 0 ||
						loaded_header->driver_abi != current_header->driver_abi) {
					print_verbose("Invalid Vulkan pipelines cache header. This may be due to an engine change, GPU change or graphics driver version change. Existing shader pipeline cache will be ignored, which may result in stuttering during gameplay.");
				} else {
					pipelines_cache.current_size = loaded_buffer_size;
					pipelines_cache.buffer = p_data;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Create.
	{
		VkPipelineCacheCreateInfo cache_info = {};
		cache_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_INFO;
		cache_info.initialDataSize = pipelines_cache.buffer.size() - sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader);
		cache_info.pInitialData = pipelines_cache.buffer.ptr() + sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader);

		if (pipeline_cache_control_support) {
			cache_info.flags = VK_PIPELINE_CACHE_CREATE_EXTERNALLY_SYNCHRONIZED_BIT;
		}

		VkResult err = vkCreatePipelineCache(vk_device, &cache_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE), &pipelines_cache.vk_cache);
		if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
			WARN_PRINT("vkCreatePipelinecache failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");
			return false;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::pipeline_cache_free() {
	DEV_ASSERT(pipelines_cache.vk_cache);

	vkDestroyPipelineCache(vk_device, pipelines_cache.vk_cache, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_CACHE));
	pipelines_cache.vk_cache = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	DEV_ASSERT(caching_instance_count > 0);
	caching_instance_count--;
}

size_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::pipeline_cache_query_size() {
	DEV_ASSERT(pipelines_cache.vk_cache);

	// FIXME:
	// We're letting the cache grow unboundedly. We may want to set at limit and see if implementations use LRU or the like.
	// If we do, we won't be able to assume any longer that the cache is dirty if, and only if, it has grown.
	VkResult err = vkGetPipelineCacheData(vk_device, pipelines_cache.vk_cache, &pipelines_cache.current_size, nullptr);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, 0, "vkGetPipelineCacheData failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return pipelines_cache.current_size;
}

Vector<uint8_t> RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::pipeline_cache_serialize() {
	DEV_ASSERT(pipelines_cache.vk_cache);

	pipelines_cache.buffer.resize(pipelines_cache.current_size + sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader));

	VkResult err = vkGetPipelineCacheData(vk_device, pipelines_cache.vk_cache, &pipelines_cache.current_size, pipelines_cache.buffer.ptrw() + sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader));
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(err != VK_SUCCESS && err != VK_INCOMPLETE, Vector<uint8_t>()); // Incomplete is OK because the cache may have grown since the size was queried (unless when exiting).

	// The real buffer size may now be bigger than the updated current_size.
	// We take into account the new size but keep the buffer resized in a worst-case fashion.

	PipelineCacheHeader *header = (PipelineCacheHeader *)pipelines_cache.buffer.ptrw();
	header->data_size = pipelines_cache.current_size;
	header->data_hash = hash_murmur3_buffer(pipelines_cache.buffer.ptr() + sizeof(PipelineCacheHeader), pipelines_cache.current_size);

	return pipelines_cache.buffer;
}

/*******************/
/**** RENDERING ****/
/*******************/

// ----- SUBPASS -----

// RDD::AttachmentLoadOp == VkAttachmentLoadOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD, VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_LOAD));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR, VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE, VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE));

// RDD::AttachmentStoreOp == VkAttachmentStoreOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE, VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE));

// Assuming Vulkan and RDD's are backed by uint32_t in:
// - VkSubpassDescription2::pPreserveAttachments and RDD::Subpass::preserve_attachments.
// - VkRenderPassCreateInfo2KHR::pCorrelatedViewMasks and p_view_correlation_mask.

static void _attachment_reference_to_vk(const RDD::AttachmentReference &p_attachment_reference, VkAttachmentReference2KHR *r_vk_attachment_reference) {
	*r_vk_attachment_reference = {};
	r_vk_attachment_reference->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2_KHR;
	r_vk_attachment_reference->attachment = p_attachment_reference.attachment;
	r_vk_attachment_reference->layout = RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_attachment_reference.layout];
	r_vk_attachment_reference->aspectMask = (VkImageAspectFlags)p_attachment_reference.aspect;
}

RDD::RenderPassID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::render_pass_create(VectorView<Attachment> p_attachments, VectorView<Subpass> p_subpasses, VectorView<SubpassDependency> p_subpass_dependencies, uint32_t p_view_count) {
	// These are only used if we use multiview but we need to define them in scope.
	const uint32_t view_mask = (1 << p_view_count) - 1;
	const uint32_t correlation_mask = (1 << p_view_count) - 1;

	VkAttachmentDescription2KHR *vk_attachments = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkAttachmentDescription2KHR, p_attachments.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_attachments.size(); i++) {
		vk_attachments[i] = {};
		vk_attachments[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_DESCRIPTION_2_KHR;
		vk_attachments[i].format = RD_TO_VK_FORMAT[p_attachments[i].format];
		vk_attachments[i].samples = _ensure_supported_sample_count(p_attachments[i].samples);
		vk_attachments[i].loadOp = (VkAttachmentLoadOp)p_attachments[i].load_op;
		vk_attachments[i].storeOp = (VkAttachmentStoreOp)p_attachments[i].store_op;
		vk_attachments[i].stencilLoadOp = (VkAttachmentLoadOp)p_attachments[i].stencil_load_op;
		vk_attachments[i].stencilStoreOp = (VkAttachmentStoreOp)p_attachments[i].stencil_store_op;
		vk_attachments[i].initialLayout = RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_attachments[i].initial_layout];
		vk_attachments[i].finalLayout = RD_TO_VK_LAYOUT[p_attachments[i].final_layout];
	}

	VkSubpassDescription2KHR *vk_subpasses = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkSubpassDescription2KHR, p_subpasses.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_subpasses.size(); i++) {
		VkAttachmentReference2KHR *vk_subpass_input_attachments = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkAttachmentReference2KHR, p_subpasses[i].input_references.size());
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < p_subpasses[i].input_references.size(); j++) {
			_attachment_reference_to_vk(p_subpasses[i].input_references[j], &vk_subpass_input_attachments[j]);
		}

		VkAttachmentReference2KHR *vk_subpass_color_attachments = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkAttachmentReference2KHR, p_subpasses[i].color_references.size());
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < p_subpasses[i].color_references.size(); j++) {
			_attachment_reference_to_vk(p_subpasses[i].color_references[j], &vk_subpass_color_attachments[j]);
		}

		VkAttachmentReference2KHR *vk_subpass_resolve_attachments = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkAttachmentReference2KHR, p_subpasses[i].resolve_references.size());
		for (uint32_t j = 0; j < p_subpasses[i].resolve_references.size(); j++) {
			_attachment_reference_to_vk(p_subpasses[i].resolve_references[j], &vk_subpass_resolve_attachments[j]);
		}

		VkAttachmentReference2KHR *vk_subpass_depth_stencil_attachment = nullptr;
		if (p_subpasses[i].depth_stencil_reference.attachment != AttachmentReference::UNUSED) {
			vk_subpass_depth_stencil_attachment = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkAttachmentReference2KHR);
			_attachment_reference_to_vk(p_subpasses[i].depth_stencil_reference, vk_subpass_depth_stencil_attachment);
		}

		vk_subpasses[i] = {};
		vk_subpasses[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DESCRIPTION_2_KHR;
		vk_subpasses[i].pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
		vk_subpasses[i].viewMask = p_view_count == 1 ? 0 : view_mask;
		vk_subpasses[i].inputAttachmentCount = p_subpasses[i].input_references.size();
		vk_subpasses[i].pInputAttachments = vk_subpass_input_attachments;
		vk_subpasses[i].colorAttachmentCount = p_subpasses[i].color_references.size();
		vk_subpasses[i].pColorAttachments = vk_subpass_color_attachments;
		vk_subpasses[i].pResolveAttachments = vk_subpass_resolve_attachments;
		vk_subpasses[i].pDepthStencilAttachment = vk_subpass_depth_stencil_attachment;
		vk_subpasses[i].preserveAttachmentCount = p_subpasses[i].preserve_attachments.size();
		vk_subpasses[i].pPreserveAttachments = p_subpasses[i].preserve_attachments.ptr();

		// VRS.
		if (vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported && p_subpasses[i].vrs_reference.attachment != AttachmentReference::UNUSED) {
			VkAttachmentReference2KHR *vk_subpass_vrs_attachment = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkAttachmentReference2KHR);
			*vk_subpass_vrs_attachment = {};
			vk_subpass_vrs_attachment->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_ATTACHMENT_REFERENCE_2_KHR;
			vk_subpass_vrs_attachment->attachment = p_subpasses[i].vrs_reference.attachment;
			vk_subpass_vrs_attachment->layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL_KHR;

			VkFragmentShadingRateAttachmentInfoKHR *vk_vrs_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkFragmentShadingRateAttachmentInfoKHR);
			*vk_vrs_info = {};
			vk_vrs_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_ATTACHMENT_INFO_KHR;
			vk_vrs_info->pFragmentShadingRateAttachment = vk_subpass_vrs_attachment;
			vk_vrs_info->shadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.width = vrs_capabilities.texel_size.x;
			vk_vrs_info->shadingRateAttachmentTexelSize.height = vrs_capabilities.texel_size.y;

			vk_subpasses[i].pNext = vk_vrs_info;
		}
	}

	VkSubpassDependency2KHR *vk_subpass_dependencies = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkSubpassDependency2KHR, p_subpass_dependencies.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_subpass_dependencies.size(); i++) {
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i] = {};
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBPASS_DEPENDENCY_2;
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].srcSubpass = p_subpass_dependencies[i].src_subpass;
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].dstSubpass = p_subpass_dependencies[i].dst_subpass;
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].srcStageMask = _rd_to_vk_pipeline_stages(p_subpass_dependencies[i].src_stages);
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].dstStageMask = _rd_to_vk_pipeline_stages(p_subpass_dependencies[i].dst_stages);
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].srcAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_subpass_dependencies[i].src_access);
		vk_subpass_dependencies[i].dstAccessMask = _rd_to_vk_access_flags(p_subpass_dependencies[i].dst_access);
	}

	VkRenderPassCreateInfo2KHR create_info = {};
	create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO_2_KHR;
	create_info.attachmentCount = p_attachments.size();
	create_info.pAttachments = vk_attachments;
	create_info.subpassCount = p_subpasses.size();
	create_info.pSubpasses = vk_subpasses;
	create_info.dependencyCount = p_subpass_dependencies.size();
	create_info.pDependencies = vk_subpass_dependencies;
	create_info.correlatedViewMaskCount = p_view_count == 1 ? 0 : 1;
	create_info.pCorrelatedViewMasks = p_view_count == 1 ? nullptr : &correlation_mask;

	// Multiview.
	if (p_view_count > 1 && device_functions.CreateRenderPass2KHR == nullptr) {
		// This is only required when not using vkCreateRenderPass2.
		// We add it if vkCreateRenderPass2KHR is not supported,
		// resulting this in being passed to our vkCreateRenderPass fallback.

		uint32_t *vk_view_masks = ALLOCA_ARRAY(uint32_t, p_subpasses.size());
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_subpasses.size(); i++) {
			vk_view_masks[i] = view_mask;
		}

		VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo *multiview_create_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkRenderPassMultiviewCreateInfo);
		*multiview_create_info = {};
		multiview_create_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_MULTIVIEW_CREATE_INFO;
		multiview_create_info->subpassCount = p_subpasses.size();
		multiview_create_info->pViewMasks = vk_view_masks;
		multiview_create_info->correlationMaskCount = 1;
		multiview_create_info->pCorrelationMasks = &correlation_mask;

		create_info.pNext = multiview_create_info;
	}

	VkRenderPass vk_render_pass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult res = _create_render_pass(vk_device, &create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS), &vk_render_pass);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(res, RenderPassID(), "vkCreateRenderPass2KHR failed with error " + itos(res) + ".");

	return RenderPassID(vk_render_pass);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::render_pass_free(RenderPassID p_render_pass) {
	vkDestroyRenderPass(vk_device, (VkRenderPass)p_render_pass.id, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_RENDER_PASS));
}

// ----- COMMANDS -----

static_assert(ARRAYS_COMPATIBLE_FIELDWISE(RDD::RenderPassClearValue, VkClearValue));

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_begin_render_pass(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, RenderPassID p_render_pass, FramebufferID p_framebuffer, CommandBufferType p_cmd_buffer_type, const Rect2i &p_rect, VectorView<RenderPassClearValue> p_clear_values) {
	VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_begin = {};
	render_pass_begin.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
	render_pass_begin.renderPass = (VkRenderPass)p_render_pass.id;
	render_pass_begin.framebuffer = (VkFramebuffer)p_framebuffer.id;

	render_pass_begin.renderArea.offset.x = p_rect.position.x;
	render_pass_begin.renderArea.offset.y = p_rect.position.y;
	render_pass_begin.renderArea.extent.width = p_rect.size.x;
	render_pass_begin.renderArea.extent.height = p_rect.size.y;

	render_pass_begin.clearValueCount = p_clear_values.size();
	render_pass_begin.pClearValues = (const VkClearValue *)p_clear_values.ptr();

	VkSubpassContents vk_subpass_contents = p_cmd_buffer_type == COMMAND_BUFFER_TYPE_PRIMARY ? VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE : VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS;
	vkCmdBeginRenderPass((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, &render_pass_begin, vk_subpass_contents);

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line(vformat("vkCmdBeginRenderPass Pass 0x%uX Framebuffer 0x%uX", p_render_pass.id, p_framebuffer.id));
#endif
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_end_render_pass(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer) {
	vkCmdEndRenderPass((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id);

#if PRINT_NATIVE_COMMANDS
	print_line("vkCmdEndRenderPass");
#endif
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_next_render_subpass(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, CommandBufferType p_cmd_buffer_type) {
	VkSubpassContents vk_subpass_contents = p_cmd_buffer_type == COMMAND_BUFFER_TYPE_PRIMARY ? VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE : VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_SECONDARY_COMMAND_BUFFERS;
	vkCmdNextSubpass((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, vk_subpass_contents);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_set_viewport(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<Rect2i> p_viewports) {
	VkViewport *vk_viewports = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkViewport, p_viewports.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_viewports.size(); i++) {
		vk_viewports[i] = {};
		vk_viewports[i].x = p_viewports[i].position.x;
		vk_viewports[i].y = p_viewports[i].position.y;
		vk_viewports[i].width = p_viewports[i].size.x;
		vk_viewports[i].height = p_viewports[i].size.y;
		vk_viewports[i].minDepth = 0.0f;
		vk_viewports[i].maxDepth = 1.0f;
	}
	vkCmdSetViewport((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, 0, p_viewports.size(), vk_viewports);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_set_scissor(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<Rect2i> p_scissors) {
	vkCmdSetScissor((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, 0, p_scissors.size(), (VkRect2D *)p_scissors.ptr());
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_clear_attachments(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, VectorView<AttachmentClear> p_attachment_clears, VectorView<Rect2i> p_rects) {
	VkClearAttachment *vk_clears = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkClearAttachment, p_attachment_clears.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_attachment_clears.size(); i++) {
		vk_clears[i] = {};
		memcpy(&vk_clears[i].clearValue, &p_attachment_clears[i].value, sizeof(VkClearValue));
		vk_clears[i].colorAttachment = p_attachment_clears[i].color_attachment;
		vk_clears[i].aspectMask = p_attachment_clears[i].aspect;
	}

	VkClearRect *vk_rects = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkClearRect, p_rects.size());
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_rects.size(); i++) {
		vk_rects[i] = {};
		vk_rects[i].rect.offset.x = p_rects[i].position.x;
		vk_rects[i].rect.offset.y = p_rects[i].position.y;
		vk_rects[i].rect.extent.width = p_rects[i].size.x;
		vk_rects[i].rect.extent.height = p_rects[i].size.y;
		vk_rects[i].baseArrayLayer = 0;
		vk_rects[i].layerCount = 1;
	}

	vkCmdClearAttachments((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_attachment_clears.size(), vk_clears, p_rects.size(), vk_rects);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_bind_render_pipeline(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, PipelineID p_pipeline) {
	vkCmdBindPipeline((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, (VkPipeline)p_pipeline.id);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_bind_render_uniform_set(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, UniformSetID p_uniform_set, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) {
	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;
	const UniformSetInfo *usi = (const UniformSetInfo *)p_uniform_set.id;
	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout, p_set_index, 1, &usi->vk_descriptor_set, 0, nullptr);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_vertex_count, uint32_t p_instance_count, uint32_t p_base_vertex, uint32_t p_first_instance) {
	vkCmdDraw((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_vertex_count, p_instance_count, p_base_vertex, p_first_instance);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw_indexed(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_index_count, uint32_t p_instance_count, uint32_t p_first_index, int32_t p_vertex_offset, uint32_t p_first_instance) {
	vkCmdDrawIndexed((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_index_count, p_instance_count, p_first_index, p_vertex_offset, p_first_instance);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw_indexed_indirect(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_indirect_buffer, uint64_t p_offset, uint32_t p_draw_count, uint32_t p_stride) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_indirect_buffer.id;
	vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, p_draw_count, p_stride);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw_indexed_indirect_count(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_indirect_buffer, uint64_t p_offset, BufferID p_count_buffer, uint64_t p_count_buffer_offset, uint32_t p_max_draw_count, uint32_t p_stride) {
	const BufferInfo *indirect_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_indirect_buffer.id;
	const BufferInfo *count_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_count_buffer.id;
	vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCount((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, indirect_buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, count_buf_info->vk_buffer, p_count_buffer_offset, p_max_draw_count, p_stride);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw_indirect(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_indirect_buffer, uint64_t p_offset, uint32_t p_draw_count, uint32_t p_stride) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_indirect_buffer.id;
	vkCmdDrawIndirect((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, p_draw_count, p_stride);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_draw_indirect_count(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_indirect_buffer, uint64_t p_offset, BufferID p_count_buffer, uint64_t p_count_buffer_offset, uint32_t p_max_draw_count, uint32_t p_stride) {
	const BufferInfo *indirect_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_indirect_buffer.id;
	const BufferInfo *count_buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_count_buffer.id;
	vkCmdDrawIndirectCount((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, indirect_buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, count_buf_info->vk_buffer, p_count_buffer_offset, p_max_draw_count, p_stride);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_bind_vertex_buffers(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_binding_count, const BufferID *p_buffers, const uint64_t *p_offsets) {
	VkBuffer *vk_buffers = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkBuffer, p_binding_count);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_binding_count; i++) {
		vk_buffers[i] = ((const BufferInfo *)p_buffers[i].id)->vk_buffer;
	}
	vkCmdBindVertexBuffers((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, 0, p_binding_count, vk_buffers, p_offsets);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_bind_index_buffer(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_buffer, IndexBufferFormat p_format, uint64_t p_offset) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_buffer.id;
	vkCmdBindIndexBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset, p_format == INDEX_BUFFER_FORMAT_UINT16 ? VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16 : VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_set_blend_constants(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, const Color &p_constants) {
	vkCmdSetBlendConstants((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_constants.components);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_render_set_line_width(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, float p_width) {
	vkCmdSetLineWidth((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_width);
}

// ----- PIPELINE -----

static const VkPrimitiveTopology RD_TO_VK_PRIMITIVE[RDD::RENDER_PRIMITIVE_MAX] = {
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_POINT_LIST,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_LINE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST_WITH_ADJACENCY,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP_WITH_ADJACENCY,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP,
	VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_PATCH_LIST,
};

// RDD::PolygonCullMode == VkCullModeFlagBits.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::POLYGON_CULL_DISABLED, VK_CULL_MODE_NONE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::POLYGON_CULL_FRONT, VK_CULL_MODE_FRONT_BIT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::POLYGON_CULL_BACK, VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT));

// RDD::StencilOperation == VkStencilOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_KEEP, VK_STENCIL_OP_KEEP));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_ZERO, VK_STENCIL_OP_ZERO));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_REPLACE, VK_STENCIL_OP_REPLACE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP, VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_CLAMP));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP, VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_CLAMP));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_INVERT, VK_STENCIL_OP_INVERT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP, VK_STENCIL_OP_INCREMENT_AND_WRAP));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP, VK_STENCIL_OP_DECREMENT_AND_WRAP));

// RDD::LogicOperation == VkLogicOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_CLEAR, VK_LOGIC_OP_CLEAR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_AND, VK_LOGIC_OP_AND));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE, VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_REVERSE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_COPY, VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED, VK_LOGIC_OP_AND_INVERTED));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_NO_OP, VK_LOGIC_OP_NO_OP));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_XOR, VK_LOGIC_OP_XOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_OR, VK_LOGIC_OP_OR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_NOR, VK_LOGIC_OP_NOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT, VK_LOGIC_OP_EQUIVALENT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_INVERT, VK_LOGIC_OP_INVERT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE, VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_REVERSE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED, VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY_INVERTED));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED, VK_LOGIC_OP_OR_INVERTED));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_NAND, VK_LOGIC_OP_NAND));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::LOGIC_OP_SET, VK_LOGIC_OP_SET));

// RDD::BlendFactor == VkBlendFactor.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_DST_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_CONSTANT_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_COLOR));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC1_ALPHA));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA, VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC1_ALPHA));

// RDD::BlendOperation == VkBlendOp.
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_OP_ADD, VK_BLEND_OP_ADD));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT, VK_BLEND_OP_SUBTRACT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT, VK_BLEND_OP_REVERSE_SUBTRACT));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_OP_MINIMUM, VK_BLEND_OP_MIN));
static_assert(ENUM_MEMBERS_EQUAL(RDD::BLEND_OP_MAXIMUM, VK_BLEND_OP_MAX));

RDD::PipelineID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::render_pipeline_create(
		ShaderID p_shader,
		VertexFormatID p_vertex_format,
		RenderPrimitive p_render_primitive,
		PipelineRasterizationState p_rasterization_state,
		PipelineMultisampleState p_multisample_state,
		PipelineDepthStencilState p_depth_stencil_state,
		PipelineColorBlendState p_blend_state,
		VectorView<int32_t> p_color_attachments,
		BitField<PipelineDynamicStateFlags> p_dynamic_state,
		RenderPassID p_render_pass,
		uint32_t p_render_subpass,
		VectorView<PipelineSpecializationConstant> p_specialization_constants) {
	// Vertex.
	const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo *vertex_input_state_create_info = nullptr;
	if (p_vertex_format.id) {
		const VertexFormatInfo *vf_info = (const VertexFormatInfo *)p_vertex_format.id;
		vertex_input_state_create_info = &vf_info->vk_create_info;
	} else {
		VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo *null_vertex_input_state = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo);
		*null_vertex_input_state = {};
		null_vertex_input_state->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
		vertex_input_state_create_info = null_vertex_input_state;
	}

	// Input assembly.
	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo input_assembly_create_info = {};
	input_assembly_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	input_assembly_create_info.topology = RD_TO_VK_PRIMITIVE[p_render_primitive];
	input_assembly_create_info.primitiveRestartEnable = (p_render_primitive == RENDER_PRIMITIVE_TRIANGLE_STRIPS_WITH_RESTART_INDEX);

	// Tessellation.
	VkPipelineTessellationStateCreateInfo tessellation_create_info = {};
	tessellation_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_TESSELLATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(physical_device_properties.limits.maxTessellationPatchSize > 0 && (p_rasterization_state.patch_control_points < 1 || p_rasterization_state.patch_control_points > physical_device_properties.limits.maxTessellationPatchSize), PipelineID());
	tessellation_create_info.patchControlPoints = p_rasterization_state.patch_control_points;

	// Viewport.
	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewport_state_create_info = {};
	viewport_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	viewport_state_create_info.viewportCount = 1; // If VR extensions are supported at some point, this will have to be customizable in the framebuffer format.
	viewport_state_create_info.scissorCount = 1;

	// Rasterization.
	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterization_state_create_info = {};
	rasterization_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	rasterization_state_create_info.depthClampEnable = p_rasterization_state.enable_depth_clamp;
	rasterization_state_create_info.rasterizerDiscardEnable = p_rasterization_state.discard_primitives;
	rasterization_state_create_info.polygonMode = p_rasterization_state.wireframe ? VK_POLYGON_MODE_LINE : VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
	rasterization_state_create_info.cullMode = (PolygonCullMode)p_rasterization_state.cull_mode;
	rasterization_state_create_info.frontFace = (p_rasterization_state.front_face == POLYGON_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE ? VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE : VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE);
	rasterization_state_create_info.depthBiasEnable = p_rasterization_state.depth_bias_enabled;
	rasterization_state_create_info.depthBiasConstantFactor = p_rasterization_state.depth_bias_constant_factor;
	rasterization_state_create_info.depthBiasClamp = p_rasterization_state.depth_bias_clamp;
	rasterization_state_create_info.depthBiasSlopeFactor = p_rasterization_state.depth_bias_slope_factor;
	rasterization_state_create_info.lineWidth = p_rasterization_state.line_width;

	// Multisample.
	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisample_state_create_info = {};
	multisample_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	multisample_state_create_info.rasterizationSamples = _ensure_supported_sample_count(p_multisample_state.sample_count);
	multisample_state_create_info.sampleShadingEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_sample_shading;
	multisample_state_create_info.minSampleShading = p_multisample_state.min_sample_shading;
	if (p_multisample_state.sample_mask.size()) {
		static_assert(ARRAYS_COMPATIBLE(uint32_t, VkSampleMask));
		multisample_state_create_info.pSampleMask = p_multisample_state.sample_mask.ptr();
	} else {
		multisample_state_create_info.pSampleMask = nullptr;
	}
	multisample_state_create_info.alphaToCoverageEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_alpha_to_coverage;
	multisample_state_create_info.alphaToOneEnable = p_multisample_state.enable_alpha_to_one;

	// Depth stencil.

	VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depth_stencil_state_create_info = {};
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.depthTestEnable = p_depth_stencil_state.enable_depth_test;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.depthWriteEnable = p_depth_stencil_state.enable_depth_write;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.depthCompareOp = (VkCompareOp)p_depth_stencil_state.depth_compare_operator;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.depthBoundsTestEnable = p_depth_stencil_state.enable_depth_range;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.stencilTestEnable = p_depth_stencil_state.enable_stencil;

	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.failOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.fail;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.passOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.pass;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.depthFailOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.depth_fail;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.compareOp = (VkCompareOp)p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.compare;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.compareMask = p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.compare_mask;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.writeMask = p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.write_mask;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.front.reference = p_depth_stencil_state.front_op.reference;

	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.failOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.fail;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.passOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.pass;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.depthFailOp = (VkStencilOp)p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.depth_fail;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.compareOp = (VkCompareOp)p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.compare;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.compareMask = p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.compare_mask;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.writeMask = p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.write_mask;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.back.reference = p_depth_stencil_state.back_op.reference;

	depth_stencil_state_create_info.minDepthBounds = p_depth_stencil_state.depth_range_min;
	depth_stencil_state_create_info.maxDepthBounds = p_depth_stencil_state.depth_range_max;

	// Blend state.

	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo color_blend_state_create_info = {};
	color_blend_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	color_blend_state_create_info.logicOpEnable = p_blend_state.enable_logic_op;
	color_blend_state_create_info.logicOp = (VkLogicOp)p_blend_state.logic_op;

	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState *vk_attachment_states = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState, p_color_attachments.size());
	{
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_color_attachments.size(); i++) {
			vk_attachment_states[i] = {};
			if (p_color_attachments[i] != ATTACHMENT_UNUSED) {
				vk_attachment_states[i].blendEnable = p_blend_state.attachments[i].enable_blend;

				vk_attachment_states[i].srcColorBlendFactor = (VkBlendFactor)p_blend_state.attachments[i].src_color_blend_factor;
				vk_attachment_states[i].dstColorBlendFactor = (VkBlendFactor)p_blend_state.attachments[i].dst_color_blend_factor;
				vk_attachment_states[i].colorBlendOp = (VkBlendOp)p_blend_state.attachments[i].color_blend_op;

				vk_attachment_states[i].srcAlphaBlendFactor = (VkBlendFactor)p_blend_state.attachments[i].src_alpha_blend_factor;
				vk_attachment_states[i].dstAlphaBlendFactor = (VkBlendFactor)p_blend_state.attachments[i].dst_alpha_blend_factor;
				vk_attachment_states[i].alphaBlendOp = (VkBlendOp)p_blend_state.attachments[i].alpha_blend_op;

				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_r) {
					vk_attachment_states[i].colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_g) {
					vk_attachment_states[i].colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_b) {
					vk_attachment_states[i].colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT;
				}
				if (p_blend_state.attachments[i].write_a) {
					vk_attachment_states[i].colorWriteMask |= VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	color_blend_state_create_info.attachmentCount = p_color_attachments.size();
	color_blend_state_create_info.pAttachments = vk_attachment_states;

	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[0] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.r;
	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[1] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.g;
	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[2] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.b;
	color_blend_state_create_info.blendConstants[3] = p_blend_state.blend_constant.a;

	// Dynamic state.

	VkPipelineDynamicStateCreateInfo dynamic_state_create_info = {};
	dynamic_state_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DYNAMIC_STATE_CREATE_INFO;

	static const uint32_t MAX_DYN_STATE_COUNT = 9;
	VkDynamicState *vk_dynamic_states = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkDynamicState, MAX_DYN_STATE_COUNT);
	uint32_t vk_dynamic_states_count = 0;

	vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_VIEWPORT; // Viewport and scissor are always dynamic.
	vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_SCISSOR;
	vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_LINE_WIDTH;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BIAS;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_BLEND_CONSTANTS;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_DEPTH_BOUNDS;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_COMPARE_MASK;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_WRITE_MASK;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	if (p_dynamic_state.has_flag(DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE)) {
		vk_dynamic_states[vk_dynamic_states_count] = VK_DYNAMIC_STATE_STENCIL_REFERENCE;
		vk_dynamic_states_count++;
	}
	DEV_ASSERT(vk_dynamic_states_count <= MAX_DYN_STATE_COUNT);

	dynamic_state_create_info.dynamicStateCount = vk_dynamic_states_count;
	dynamic_state_create_info.pDynamicStates = vk_dynamic_states;

	// VRS.

	void *graphics_pipeline_nextptr = nullptr;

	if (vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported) {
		// If VRS is used, this defines how the different VRS types are combined.
		// combinerOps[0] decides how we use the output of pipeline and primitive (drawcall) VRS.
		// combinerOps[1] decides how we use the output of combinerOps[0] and our attachment VRS.

		VkPipelineFragmentShadingRateStateCreateInfoKHR *vrs_create_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkPipelineFragmentShadingRateStateCreateInfoKHR);
		*vrs_create_info = {};
		vrs_create_info->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_STATE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
		vrs_create_info->fragmentSize = { 4, 4 };
		vrs_create_info->combinerOps[0] = VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_KEEP_KHR; // We don't use pipeline/primitive VRS so this really doesn't matter.
		vrs_create_info->combinerOps[1] = VK_FRAGMENT_SHADING_RATE_COMBINER_OP_REPLACE_KHR; // Always use the outcome of attachment VRS if enabled.

		graphics_pipeline_nextptr = vrs_create_info;
	}

	// Finally, pipeline create info.

	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;

	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipeline_create_info = {};

	pipeline_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
	pipeline_create_info.pNext = graphics_pipeline_nextptr;
	pipeline_create_info.stageCount = shader_info->vk_stages_create_info.size();

	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(pipeline_create_info.stageCount == 0, PipelineID(),
			"Cannot create pipeline without shader module, please make sure shader modules are destroyed only after all associated pipelines are created.");
	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo *vk_pipeline_stages = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo, shader_info->vk_stages_create_info.size());

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < shader_info->vk_stages_create_info.size(); i++) {
		vk_pipeline_stages[i] = shader_info->vk_stages_create_info[i];

		if (p_specialization_constants.size()) {
			VkSpecializationMapEntry *specialization_map_entries = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkSpecializationMapEntry, p_specialization_constants.size());
			for (uint32_t j = 0; j < p_specialization_constants.size(); j++) {
				specialization_map_entries[j] = {};
				specialization_map_entries[j].constantID = p_specialization_constants[j].constant_id;
				specialization_map_entries[j].offset = (const char *)&p_specialization_constants[j].int_value - (const char *)p_specialization_constants.ptr();
				specialization_map_entries[j].size = sizeof(uint32_t);
			}

			VkSpecializationInfo *specialization_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkSpecializationInfo);
			*specialization_info = {};
			specialization_info->dataSize = p_specialization_constants.size() * sizeof(PipelineSpecializationConstant);
			specialization_info->pData = p_specialization_constants.ptr();
			specialization_info->mapEntryCount = p_specialization_constants.size();
			specialization_info->pMapEntries = specialization_map_entries;

			vk_pipeline_stages[i].pSpecializationInfo = specialization_info;
		}
	}

	pipeline_create_info.pStages = vk_pipeline_stages;
	pipeline_create_info.pVertexInputState = vertex_input_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pTessellationState = &tessellation_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pViewportState = &viewport_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pRasterizationState = &rasterization_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pMultisampleState = &multisample_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pDepthStencilState = &depth_stencil_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pColorBlendState = &color_blend_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.pDynamicState = &dynamic_state_create_info;
	pipeline_create_info.layout = shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout;
	pipeline_create_info.renderPass = (VkRenderPass)p_render_pass.id;
	pipeline_create_info.subpass = p_render_subpass;

	// ---

	VkPipeline vk_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(vk_device, pipelines_cache.vk_cache, 1, &pipeline_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE), &vk_pipeline);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, PipelineID(), "vkCreateGraphicsPipelines failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return PipelineID(vk_pipeline);
}

/*****************/
/**** COMPUTE ****/
/*****************/

// ----- COMMANDS -----

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_bind_compute_pipeline(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, PipelineID p_pipeline) {
	vkCmdBindPipeline((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, (VkPipeline)p_pipeline.id);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_bind_compute_uniform_set(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, UniformSetID p_uniform_set, ShaderID p_shader, uint32_t p_set_index) {
	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;
	const UniformSetInfo *usi = (const UniformSetInfo *)p_uniform_set.id;
	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_COMPUTE, shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout, p_set_index, 1, &usi->vk_descriptor_set, 0, nullptr);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_compute_dispatch(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_x_groups, uint32_t p_y_groups, uint32_t p_z_groups) {
	vkCmdDispatch((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, p_x_groups, p_y_groups, p_z_groups);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_compute_dispatch_indirect(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, BufferID p_indirect_buffer, uint64_t p_offset) {
	const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_indirect_buffer.id;
	vkCmdDispatchIndirect((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, buf_info->vk_buffer, p_offset);
}

// ----- PIPELINE -----

RDD::PipelineID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::compute_pipeline_create(ShaderID p_shader, VectorView<PipelineSpecializationConstant> p_specialization_constants) {
	const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_shader.id;

	VkComputePipelineCreateInfo pipeline_create_info = {};
	pipeline_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
	pipeline_create_info.stage = shader_info->vk_stages_create_info[0];
	pipeline_create_info.layout = shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout;

	if (p_specialization_constants.size()) {
		VkSpecializationMapEntry *specialization_map_entries = ALLOCA_ARRAY(VkSpecializationMapEntry, p_specialization_constants.size());
		for (uint32_t i = 0; i < p_specialization_constants.size(); i++) {
			specialization_map_entries[i] = {};
			specialization_map_entries[i].constantID = p_specialization_constants[i].constant_id;
			specialization_map_entries[i].offset = (const char *)&p_specialization_constants[i].int_value - (const char *)p_specialization_constants.ptr();
			specialization_map_entries[i].size = sizeof(uint32_t);
		}

		VkSpecializationInfo *specialization_info = ALLOCA_SINGLE(VkSpecializationInfo);
		*specialization_info = {};
		specialization_info->dataSize = p_specialization_constants.size() * sizeof(PipelineSpecializationConstant);
		specialization_info->pData = p_specialization_constants.ptr();
		specialization_info->mapEntryCount = p_specialization_constants.size();
		specialization_info->pMapEntries = specialization_map_entries;

		pipeline_create_info.stage.pSpecializationInfo = specialization_info;
	}

	VkPipeline vk_pipeline = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkResult err = vkCreateComputePipelines(vk_device, pipelines_cache.vk_cache, 1, &pipeline_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE), &vk_pipeline);
	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err, PipelineID(), "vkCreateComputePipelines failed with error " + itos(err) + ".");

	return PipelineID(vk_pipeline);
}

/*****************/
/**** QUERIES ****/
/*****************/

// ----- TIMESTAMP -----

RDD::QueryPoolID RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::timestamp_query_pool_create(uint32_t p_query_count) {
	VkQueryPoolCreateInfo query_pool_create_info = {};
	query_pool_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUERY_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	query_pool_create_info.queryType = VK_QUERY_TYPE_TIMESTAMP;
	query_pool_create_info.queryCount = p_query_count;

	VkQueryPool vk_query_pool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	vkCreateQueryPool(vk_device, &query_pool_create_info, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL), &vk_query_pool);
	return RDD::QueryPoolID(vk_query_pool);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::timestamp_query_pool_free(QueryPoolID p_pool_id) {
	vkDestroyQueryPool(vk_device, (VkQueryPool)p_pool_id.id, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_QUERY_POOL));
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::timestamp_query_pool_get_results(QueryPoolID p_pool_id, uint32_t p_query_count, uint64_t *r_results) {
	vkGetQueryPoolResults(vk_device, (VkQueryPool)p_pool_id.id, 0, p_query_count, sizeof(uint64_t) * p_query_count, r_results, sizeof(uint64_t), VK_QUERY_RESULT_64_BIT);
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::timestamp_query_result_to_time(uint64_t p_result) {
	// This sucks because timestampPeriod multiplier is a float, while the timestamp is 64 bits nanosecs.
	// So, in cases like nvidia which give you enormous numbers and 1 as multiplier, multiplying is next to impossible.
	// Need to do 128 bits fixed point multiplication to get the right value.

	auto mult64to128 = [](uint64_t u, uint64_t v, uint64_t &h, uint64_t &l) {
		uint64_t u1 = (u & 0xffffffff);
		uint64_t v1 = (v & 0xffffffff);
		uint64_t t = (u1 * v1);
		uint64_t w3 = (t & 0xffffffff);
		uint64_t k = (t >> 32);

		u >>= 32;
		t = (u * v1) + k;
		k = (t & 0xffffffff);
		uint64_t w1 = (t >> 32);

		v >>= 32;
		t = (u1 * v) + k;
		k = (t >> 32);

		h = (u * v) + w1 + k;
		l = (t << 32) + w3;
	};

	uint64_t shift_bits = 16;
	uint64_t h = 0, l = 0;
	mult64to128(p_result, uint64_t(double(physical_device_properties.limits.timestampPeriod) * double(1 << shift_bits)), h, l);
	l >>= shift_bits;
	l |= h << (64 - shift_bits);

	return l;
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_timestamp_query_pool_reset(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, QueryPoolID p_pool_id, uint32_t p_query_count) {
	vkCmdResetQueryPool((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, (VkQueryPool)p_pool_id.id, 0, p_query_count);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_timestamp_write(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, QueryPoolID p_pool_id, uint32_t p_index) {
	vkCmdWriteTimestamp((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT, (VkQueryPool)p_pool_id.id, p_index);
}

/****************/
/**** LABELS ****/
/****************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_begin_label(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, const char *p_label_name, const Color &p_color) {
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (!functions.CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT) {
		if (functions.CmdDebugMarkerBeginEXT) {
			// Debug marker extensions.
			VkDebugMarkerMarkerInfoEXT marker;
			marker.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT;
			marker.pNext = nullptr;
			marker.pMarkerName = p_label_name;
			marker.color[0] = p_color[0];
			marker.color[1] = p_color[1];
			marker.color[2] = p_color[2];
			marker.color[3] = p_color[3];
			functions.CmdDebugMarkerBeginEXT((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, &marker);
		}
		return;
	}
	VkDebugUtilsLabelEXT label;
	label.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_LABEL_EXT;
	label.pNext = nullptr;
	label.pLabelName = p_label_name;
	label.color[0] = p_color[0];
	label.color[1] = p_color[1];
	label.color[2] = p_color[2];
	label.color[3] = p_color[3];
	functions.CmdBeginDebugUtilsLabelEXT((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, &label);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_end_label(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer) {
	const RenderingContextDriverVulkan::Functions &functions = context_driver->functions_get();
	if (!functions.CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT) {
		if (functions.CmdDebugMarkerEndEXT) {
			// Debug marker extensions.
			functions.CmdDebugMarkerEndEXT((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id);
		}
		return;
	}
	functions.CmdEndDebugUtilsLabelEXT((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id);
}

/****************/
/**** DEBUG *****/
/****************/
void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::command_insert_breadcrumb(CommandBufferID p_cmd_buffer, uint32_t p_data) {
	if (p_data == BreadcrumbMarker::NONE) {
		return;
	}
	vkCmdFillBuffer((VkCommandBuffer)p_cmd_buffer.id, ((BufferInfo *)breadcrumb_buffer.id)->vk_buffer, 0, sizeof(uint32_t), p_data);
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::on_device_lost() const {
	if (device_functions.GetDeviceFaultInfoEXT == nullptr) {
		_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, "VK_EXT_device_fault not available.");
		return;
	}

	VkDeviceFaultCountsEXT fault_counts = {};
	fault_counts.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_FAULT_COUNTS_EXT;
	VkResult vkres = device_functions.GetDeviceFaultInfoEXT(vk_device, &fault_counts, nullptr);

	if (vkres != VK_SUCCESS) {
		_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, "vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT returned " + itos(vkres) + " when getting fault count, skipping VK_EXT_device_fault report...");
		return;
	}

	String err_msg;
	VkDeviceFaultInfoEXT fault_info = {};
	fault_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_FAULT_INFO_EXT;
	fault_info.pVendorInfos = fault_counts.vendorInfoCount
			? (VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT *)memalloc(fault_counts.vendorInfoCount * sizeof(VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT))
			: nullptr;
	fault_info.pAddressInfos =
			fault_counts.addressInfoCount
			? (VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT *)memalloc(fault_counts.addressInfoCount * sizeof(VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT))
			: nullptr;
	fault_counts.vendorBinarySize = 0;
	vkres = device_functions.GetDeviceFaultInfoEXT(vk_device, &fault_counts, &fault_info);
	if (vkres != VK_SUCCESS) {
		_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, "vkGetDeviceFaultInfoEXT returned " + itos(vkres) + " when getting fault info, skipping VK_EXT_device_fault report...");
	} else {
		err_msg += "** Report from VK_EXT_device_fault **";
		err_msg += "\nDescription: " + String(fault_info.description);
		err_msg += "\nVendor infos:";
		for (uint32_t vd = 0; vd < fault_counts.vendorInfoCount; ++vd) {
			const VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT *vendor_info = &fault_info.pVendorInfos[vd];
			err_msg += "\nInfo " + itos(vd);
			err_msg += "\n   Description: " + String(vendor_info->description);
			err_msg += "\n   Fault code : " + itos(vendor_info->vendorFaultCode);
			err_msg += "\n   Fault data : " + itos(vendor_info->vendorFaultData);
		}

		static constexpr const char *addressTypeNames[] = {
			"NONE",
			"READ_INVALID",
			"WRITE_INVALID",
			"EXECUTE_INVALID",
			"INSTRUCTION_POINTER_UNKNOWN",
			"INSTRUCTION_POINTER_INVALID",
			"INSTRUCTION_POINTER_FAULT",
		};
		err_msg += "\nAddresses info:";
		for (uint32_t ad = 0; ad < fault_counts.addressInfoCount; ++ad) {
			const VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT *addr_info = &fault_info.pAddressInfos[ad];
			// From https://registry.khronos.org/vulkan/specs/1.3-extensions/man/html/VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT.html
			const VkDeviceAddress lower = (addr_info->reportedAddress & ~(addr_info->addressPrecision - 1));
			const VkDeviceAddress upper = (addr_info->reportedAddress | (addr_info->addressPrecision - 1));
			err_msg += "\nInfo " + itos(ad);
			err_msg += "\n   Type            : " + String(addressTypeNames[addr_info->addressType]);
			err_msg += "\n   Reported address: " + itos(addr_info->reportedAddress);
			err_msg += "\n   Lower address   : " + itos(lower);
			err_msg += "\n   Upper address   : " + itos(upper);
			err_msg += "\n   Precision       : " + itos(addr_info->addressPrecision);
		}
	}

	_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, err_msg);

	if (fault_info.pVendorInfos) {
		memfree(fault_info.pVendorInfos);
	}
	if (fault_info.pAddressInfos) {
		memfree(fault_info.pAddressInfos);
	}

	_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, context_driver->get_driver_and_device_memory_report());
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::print_lost_device_info() {
#if defined(DEBUG_ENABLED) || defined(DEV_ENABLED)
	void *breadcrumb_ptr;
	vmaFlushAllocation(allocator, ((BufferInfo *)breadcrumb_buffer.id)->allocation.handle, 0, sizeof(uint32_t));
	vmaInvalidateAllocation(allocator, ((BufferInfo *)breadcrumb_buffer.id)->allocation.handle, 0, sizeof(uint32_t));

	vmaMapMemory(allocator, ((BufferInfo *)breadcrumb_buffer.id)->allocation.handle, &breadcrumb_ptr);
	uint32_t last_breadcrumb = *(uint32_t *)breadcrumb_ptr;
	vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, ((BufferInfo *)breadcrumb_buffer.id)->allocation.handle);
	uint32_t phase = last_breadcrumb & uint32_t(~((1 << 16) - 1));
	uint32_t user_data = last_breadcrumb & ((1 << 16) - 1);
	String error_msg = "Last known breadcrumb: ";

	switch (phase) {
		case BreadcrumbMarker::ALPHA_PASS:
			error_msg += "ALPHA_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::BLIT_PASS:
			error_msg += "BLIT_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::DEBUG_PASS:
			error_msg += "DEBUG_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::LIGHTMAPPER_PASS:
			error_msg += "LIGHTMAPPER_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::OPAQUE_PASS:
			error_msg += "OPAQUE_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::POST_PROCESSING_PASS:
			error_msg += "POST_PROCESSING_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::REFLECTION_PROBES:
			error_msg += "REFLECTION_PROBES";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::SHADOW_PASS_CUBE:
			error_msg += "SHADOW_PASS_CUBE";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::SHADOW_PASS_DIRECTIONAL:
			error_msg += "SHADOW_PASS_DIRECTIONAL";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::SKY_PASS:
			error_msg += "SKY_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::TRANSPARENT_PASS:
			error_msg += "TRANSPARENT_PASS";
			break;
		case BreadcrumbMarker::UI_PASS:
			error_msg += "UI_PASS";
			break;
		default:
			error_msg += "UNKNOWN_BREADCRUMB(" + itos((uint32_t)phase) + ')';
			break;
	}

	if (user_data != 0) {
		error_msg += " | User data: " + itos(user_data);
	}

	_err_print_error(FUNCTION_STR, __FILE__, __LINE__, error_msg);
#endif
	on_device_lost();
}

/********************/
/**** SUBMISSION ****/
/********************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::begin_segment(uint32_t p_frame_index, uint32_t p_frames_drawn) {
	// Per-frame segments are not required in Vulkan.
}

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::end_segment() {
	// Per-frame segments are not required in Vulkan.
}

/**************/
/**** MISC ****/
/**************/

void RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::set_object_name(ObjectType p_type, ID p_driver_id, const String &p_name) {
	switch (p_type) {
		case OBJECT_TYPE_TEXTURE: {
			const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			if (tex_info->allocation.handle) {
				_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE, (uint64_t)tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image, p_name);
			}
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW, (uint64_t)tex_info->vk_view, p_name + " View");
		} break;
		case OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER: {
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_SAMPLER, p_driver_id.id, p_name);
		} break;
		case OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER: {
			const BufferInfo *buf_info = (const BufferInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER, (uint64_t)buf_info->vk_buffer, p_name);
			if (buf_info->vk_view) {
				_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_BUFFER_VIEW, (uint64_t)buf_info->vk_view, p_name + " View");
			}
		} break;
		case OBJECT_TYPE_SHADER: {
			const ShaderInfo *shader_info = (const ShaderInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			for (uint32_t i = 0; i < shader_info->vk_descriptor_set_layouts.size(); i++) {
				_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT, (uint64_t)shader_info->vk_descriptor_set_layouts[i], p_name);
			}
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT, (uint64_t)shader_info->vk_pipeline_layout, p_name + " Pipeline Layout");
		} break;
		case OBJECT_TYPE_UNIFORM_SET: {
			const UniformSetInfo *usi = (const UniformSetInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET, (uint64_t)usi->vk_descriptor_set, p_name);
		} break;
		case OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE: {
			_set_object_name(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_PIPELINE, (uint64_t)p_driver_id.id, p_name);
		} break;
		default: {
			DEV_ASSERT(false);
		}
	}
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_resource_native_handle(DriverResource p_type, ID p_driver_id) {
	switch (p_type) {
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_LOGICAL_DEVICE: {
			return (uint64_t)vk_device;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE: {
			return (uint64_t)physical_device;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_TOPMOST_OBJECT: {
			return (uint64_t)context_driver->instance_get();
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_COMMAND_QUEUE: {
			const CommandQueue *queue_info = (const CommandQueue *)p_driver_id.id;
			return (uint64_t)queue_families[queue_info->queue_family][queue_info->queue_index].queue;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_QUEUE_FAMILY: {
			return uint32_t(p_driver_id.id) - 1;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_TEXTURE: {
			const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			return (uint64_t)tex_info->vk_view_create_info.image;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_TEXTURE_VIEW: {
			const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			return (uint64_t)tex_info->vk_view;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_TEXTURE_DATA_FORMAT: {
			const TextureInfo *tex_info = (const TextureInfo *)p_driver_id.id;
			return (uint64_t)tex_info->vk_view_create_info.format;
		}
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_SAMPLER:
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_UNIFORM_SET:
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_BUFFER:
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_COMPUTE_PIPELINE:
		case DRIVER_RESOURCE_RENDER_PIPELINE: {
			return p_driver_id.id;
		}
		default: {
			return 0;
		}
	}
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_total_memory_used() {
	VmaTotalStatistics stats = {};
	vmaCalculateStatistics(allocator, &stats);
	return stats.total.statistics.allocationBytes;
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::limit_get(Limit p_limit) {
	const VkPhysicalDeviceLimits &limits = physical_device_properties.limits;
	switch (p_limit) {
		case LIMIT_MAX_BOUND_UNIFORM_SETS:
			return limits.maxBoundDescriptorSets;
		case LIMIT_MAX_FRAMEBUFFER_COLOR_ATTACHMENTS:
			return limits.maxColorAttachments;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURES_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetSampledImages;
		case LIMIT_MAX_SAMPLERS_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetSamplers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_STORAGE_BUFFERS_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetStorageBuffers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_STORAGE_IMAGES_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetStorageImages;
		case LIMIT_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFERS_PER_UNIFORM_SET:
			return limits.maxDescriptorSetUniformBuffers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_DRAW_INDEXED_INDEX:
			return limits.maxDrawIndexedIndexValue;
		case LIMIT_MAX_FRAMEBUFFER_HEIGHT:
			return limits.maxFramebufferHeight;
		case LIMIT_MAX_FRAMEBUFFER_WIDTH:
			return limits.maxFramebufferWidth;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURE_ARRAY_LAYERS:
			return limits.maxImageArrayLayers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE_1D:
			return limits.maxImageDimension1D;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE_2D:
			return limits.maxImageDimension2D;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE_3D:
			return limits.maxImageDimension3D;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE_CUBE:
			return limits.maxImageDimensionCube;
		case LIMIT_MAX_TEXTURES_PER_SHADER_STAGE:
			return limits.maxPerStageDescriptorSampledImages;
		case LIMIT_MAX_SAMPLERS_PER_SHADER_STAGE:
			return limits.maxPerStageDescriptorSamplers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_STORAGE_BUFFERS_PER_SHADER_STAGE:
			return limits.maxPerStageDescriptorStorageBuffers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_STORAGE_IMAGES_PER_SHADER_STAGE:
			return limits.maxPerStageDescriptorStorageImages;
		case LIMIT_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFERS_PER_SHADER_STAGE:
			return limits.maxPerStageDescriptorUniformBuffers;
		case LIMIT_MAX_PUSH_CONSTANT_SIZE:
			return limits.maxPushConstantsSize;
		case LIMIT_MAX_UNIFORM_BUFFER_SIZE:
			return limits.maxUniformBufferRange;
		case LIMIT_MAX_VERTEX_INPUT_ATTRIBUTE_OFFSET:
			return limits.maxVertexInputAttributeOffset;
		case LIMIT_MAX_VERTEX_INPUT_ATTRIBUTES:
			return limits.maxVertexInputAttributes;
		case LIMIT_MAX_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDINGS:
			return limits.maxVertexInputBindings;
		case LIMIT_MAX_VERTEX_INPUT_BINDING_STRIDE:
			return limits.maxVertexInputBindingStride;
		case LIMIT_MIN_UNIFORM_BUFFER_OFFSET_ALIGNMENT:
			return limits.minUniformBufferOffsetAlignment;
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_COUNT_X:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[0];
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_COUNT_Y:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[1];
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_COUNT_Z:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupCount[2];
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_INVOCATIONS:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupInvocations;
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_SIZE_X:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupSize[0];
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_SIZE_Y:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupSize[1];
		case LIMIT_MAX_COMPUTE_WORKGROUP_SIZE_Z:
			return limits.maxComputeWorkGroupSize[2];
		case LIMIT_MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMENSIONS_X:
			return limits.maxViewportDimensions[0];
		case LIMIT_MAX_VIEWPORT_DIMENSIONS_Y:
			return limits.maxViewportDimensions[1];
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_SIZE:
			return subgroup_capabilities.size;
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_MIN_SIZE:
			return subgroup_capabilities.min_size;
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_MAX_SIZE:
			return subgroup_capabilities.max_size;
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_IN_SHADERS:
			return subgroup_capabilities.supported_stages_flags_rd();
		case LIMIT_SUBGROUP_OPERATIONS:
			return subgroup_capabilities.supported_operations_flags_rd();
		case LIMIT_VRS_TEXEL_WIDTH:
			return vrs_capabilities.texel_size.x;
		case LIMIT_VRS_TEXEL_HEIGHT:
			return vrs_capabilities.texel_size.y;
		case LIMIT_VRS_MAX_FRAGMENT_WIDTH:
			return vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.x;
		case LIMIT_VRS_MAX_FRAGMENT_HEIGHT:
			return vrs_capabilities.max_fragment_size.y;
		default:
			ERR_FAIL_V(0);
	}
}

uint64_t RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::api_trait_get(ApiTrait p_trait) {
	switch (p_trait) {
		case API_TRAIT_TEXTURE_TRANSFER_ALIGNMENT:
			return (uint64_t)MAX((uint64_t)16, physical_device_properties.limits.optimalBufferCopyOffsetAlignment);
		case API_TRAIT_SHADER_CHANGE_INVALIDATION:
			return (uint64_t)SHADER_CHANGE_INVALIDATION_INCOMPATIBLE_SETS_PLUS_CASCADE;
		default:
			return RenderingDeviceDriver::api_trait_get(p_trait);
	}
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::has_feature(Features p_feature) {
	switch (p_feature) {
		case SUPPORTS_MULTIVIEW:
			return multiview_capabilities.is_supported && multiview_capabilities.max_view_count > 1;
		case SUPPORTS_FSR_HALF_FLOAT:
			return shader_capabilities.shader_float16_is_supported && physical_device_features.shaderInt16 && storage_buffer_capabilities.storage_buffer_16_bit_access_is_supported;
		case SUPPORTS_ATTACHMENT_VRS:
			return vrs_capabilities.attachment_vrs_supported && physical_device_features.shaderStorageImageExtendedFormats;
		case SUPPORTS_FRAGMENT_SHADER_WITH_ONLY_SIDE_EFFECTS:
			return true;
		default:
			return false;
	}
}

const RDD::MultiviewCapabilities &RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_multiview_capabilities() {
	return multiview_capabilities;
}

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_api_name() const {
	return "Vulkan";
}

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_api_version() const {
	uint32_t api_version = physical_device_properties.apiVersion;
	return vformat("%d.%d.%d", VK_API_VERSION_MAJOR(api_version), VK_API_VERSION_MINOR(api_version), VK_API_VERSION_PATCH(api_version));
}

String RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_pipeline_cache_uuid() const {
	return pipeline_cache_id;
}

const RDD::Capabilities &RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::get_capabilities() const {
	return device_capabilities;
}

bool RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::is_composite_alpha_supported(CommandQueueID p_queue) const {
	if (has_comp_alpha.has((uint64_t)p_queue.id)) {
		return has_comp_alpha[(uint64_t)p_queue.id];
	}
	return false;
}

/******************/

RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan(RenderingContextDriverVulkan *p_context_driver) {
	DEV_ASSERT(p_context_driver != nullptr);

	context_driver = p_context_driver;
	max_descriptor_sets_per_pool = GLOBAL_GET("rendering/rendering_device/vulkan/max_descriptors_per_pool");
}

RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan::~RenderingDeviceDriverVulkan() {
	buffer_free(breadcrumb_buffer);

	while (small_allocs_pools.size()) {
		HashMap<uint32_t, VmaPool>::Iterator E = small_allocs_pools.begin();
		vmaDestroyPool(allocator, E->value);
		small_allocs_pools.remove(E);
	}
	vmaDestroyAllocator(allocator);

	if (vk_device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
		vkDestroyDevice(vk_device, VKC::get_allocation_callbacks(VK_OBJECT_TYPE_DEVICE));
	}
}