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Initial news article for v0.5 release.
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Sergio Benitez
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# Rocket v0.5: Stable, Async, Sentinels, Figment, Shield, Streams, SSE, WebSockets, & More!
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<p class="metadata"><strong>
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Posted by <a href="https://sergio.bz">Sergio Benitez</a> on May 26, 2023
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</strong></p>
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Four years, almost a thousand commits, and over a thousand issues, discussions,
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and PRs later, I am ~~relieved~~ thrilled to announce the general availability
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of Rocket v0.5.
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> **Rocket** is a backend web framework for Rust with a focus on usability,
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> security, extensibility, and speed. Rocket makes it simple to write secure web
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> applications without sacrificing usability or performance.
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We encourage all users to upgrade. For a guided upgrade from Rocket v0.4 to
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Rocket v0.5, please consult the newly available [upgrading guide]. Rocket v0.4
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will continue to be supported and receive security updates until the next major
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release.
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[upgrading guide]: ../../guide/upgrading
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## What's New?
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Almost every aspect has been reevaluated with a focus on usability, security,
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and consistency across the library and [broader ecosystem]. The changes are
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numerous, so we focus on the most impactful changes here and encourage everyone
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to read the [CHANGELOG] for a complete list. For answers to frequently asked
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questions, see the new [FAQ].
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[broader ecosystem]: ../../guide/faq/#releases
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[CHANGELOG]: https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/blob/v0.5.0/CHANGELOG.md
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[FAQ]: ../../guide/faq
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### ⚓ Support for Stable `rustc`
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Rocket v0.5 compiles and builds on Rust stable with an entirely asynchronous
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core. This means that you can compile Rocket application with `rustc` from the
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stable release channel.
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Using the stable release channel ensures that _no_ breakages will occur when
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upgrading your Rust compiler or Rocket. That being said, Rocket continues to
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take advantage of features only present in the nightly channel.
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### 📥 Async I/O
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The new asynchronous core requires an async runtime to run. The new
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[`launch`] and [`main`] attributes simplify starting a runtime suitable for
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running Rocket applications. You should use [`launch`] whenever possible.
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Additionally, the `rocket::ignite()` function has been renamed to
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[`rocket::build()`]; calls to the function or method should be replaced
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accordingly. Together, these two changes result in the following diff to what
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was previously the `main` function:
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```diff
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- fn main() {
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- rocket::ignite().mount("/hello", routes![hello]).launch();
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- }
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+ #[launch]
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+ fn rocket() -> _ {
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+ rocket::build().mount("/hello", routes![hello])
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+ }
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```
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### 💂 Sentinels
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Rocket v0.5 introduces [sentinels]. Entirely unique to Rocket, sentinels offer
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an automatic last line of defense against runtime errors by enabling any type
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that appears in a route to abort application launch if invalid conditions are
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detected. For example, the [`&State<T>`] guard in v0.5 is a [`Sentinel`] that
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aborts launch if the type `T` is not in managed state, thus preventing
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associated runtime errors.
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You should consider implementing `Sentinel` for your types if you have guards
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(request, data, form, etc.) or responders that depend on `Rocket` state to
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function properly. For example, consider a `MyResponder` that expects:
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* An error catcher to be registered for the `400` status code.
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* A specific type `T` to be in managed state.
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Making `MyResponder` a sentinel that guards against these conditions is as
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simple as:
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```rust
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use rocket::{Rocket, Ignite, Sentinel};
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# struct MyResponder;
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# struct T;
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impl Sentinel for MyResponder {
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fn abort(r: &Rocket<Ignite>) -> bool {
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!r.catchers().any(|c| c.code == Some(400)) || r.state::<T>().is_none()
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}
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}
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```
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[sentinels]: @api/rocket/trait.Sentinel.html
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[`Sentinel`]: @api/rocket/trait.Sentinel.html
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[`&State<T>`]: @api/rocket/struct.State.html
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### 🛡️ Shield
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### 🌊 Streams and SSE
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Rocket v0.5 introduces real-time, typed, `async` [streams]. The new [async
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streams] section of the guide contains further details, and we encourage all
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interested parties to see the new real-time, multi-room [chat example].
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As a taste of what's possible, the following `stream` route emits a `"ping"`
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Server-Sent Event every `n` seconds, defaulting to `1`:
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```rust
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# use rocket::*;
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use rocket::response::stream::{Event, EventStream};;
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use rocket::tokio::time::{interval, Duration};
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#[get("/ping?<n>")]
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fn stream(n: Option<u64>) -> EventStream![] {
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EventStream! {
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let mut timer = interval(Duration::from_secs(n.unwrap_or(1)));
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loop {
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yield Event::data("ping");
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timer.tick().await;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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[streams]: @api/rocket/response/stream/index.html
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[async streams]: @guide/responses/#async-streams
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[chat example]: @example/chat
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### 🔌 WebSockets
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Rocket v0.5 introduces support for HTTP connection upgrades via a new [upgrade
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API]. The API allows responders to take over an HTTP connection and perform raw
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I/O with the client. In other words, an HTTP connection can be _upgraded_ to any
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protocol, including HTTP WebSockets!
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The newly introduced [`rocket_ws`] library takes advantage of the new API to
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implement first-class support for WebSockets entirely outside of Rocket's core.
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The simplest use of the library, implementing an echo server and showcasing that
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the incoming message stream is `async`, looks like this:
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```rust
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# use rocket::get;
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# use rocket_ws as ws;
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#[get("/echo")]
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fn echo_compose(ws: ws::WebSocket) -> ws::Stream!['static] {
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ws.stream(|io| io)
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}
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```
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The simplified [async streams] generator syntax can also be used:
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```rust
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# use rocket::get;
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# use rocket_ws as ws;
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#[get("/echo")]
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fn echo_stream(ws: ws::WebSocket) -> ws::Stream!['static] {
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ws::Stream! { ws =>
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for await message in ws {
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yield message?;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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For complete usage details, see the [`rocket_ws`] documentation.
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[upgrade API]: @api/rocket/response/struct.Response.html#upgrading
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[`rocket_ws`]: @api/rocket_ws
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[GitHub issue tracker]: https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/issues
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[GitHub discussions]: https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/discussions
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[migration guide]: ../../guide/upgrading
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[CHANGELOG]: https://github.com/SergioBenitez/Rocket/blob/v0.5-rc/CHANGELOG.md#version-050-rc2-may-9-2022
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## Thank You
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<ul class="columns">
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<li>Aaron Leopold</li>
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<li>Abdullah Alyan</li>
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<li>Aditya</li>
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<li>Alex Macleod</li>
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<li>Alex Sears</li>
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<li>Alexander van Ratingen</li>
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<li>ami-GS</li>
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<li>Antoine Martin</li>
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<li>arctic-alpaca</li>
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<li>arlecchino</li>
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<li>Arthur Woimbée</li>
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<li>atouchet</li>
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<li>Aurora</li>
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<li>badoken</li>
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<li>Beep LIN</li>
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<li>Ben Sully</li>
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<li>Benedikt Weber</li>
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<li>BlackDex</li>
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<li>Bonex</li>
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<li>Brenden Matthews</li>
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<li>Brendon Federko</li>
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<li>Brett Buford</li>
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<li>Cedric Hutchings</li>
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<li>Cezar Halmagean</li>
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<li>Charles-Axel Dein</li>
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<li>Compro Prasad</li>
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<li>Daniel Wiesenberg</li>
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<li>David Venhoek</li>
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<li>Dimitri Sabadie</li>
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<li>Dinu Blanovschi</li>
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<li>Dominik Boehi</li>
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<li>Doni Rubiagatra</li>
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<li>Edgar Onghena</li>
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<li>Edwin Svensson</li>
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<li>est31</li>
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<li>Felix Suominen</li>
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<li>Filip Gospodinov</li>
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<li>Flying-Toast</li>
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<li>Follpvosten</li>
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<li>Francois Stephany</li>
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<li>Gabriel Fontes</li>
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<li>gcarq</li>
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<li>George Cheng</li>
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<li>Giles Cope</li>
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<li>Gonçalo Ribeiro</li>
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<li>hiyoko3m</li>
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<li>Howard Su</li>
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<li>hpodhaisky</li>
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<li>Ian Jackson</li>
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<li>IFcoltransG</li>
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<li>Indosaram</li>
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<li>inyourface34456</li>
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<li>J. Cohen</li>
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<li>Jacob Pratt</li>
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<li>Jacob Sharf</li>
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<li>Jacob Simpson</li>
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<li>Jakub Dąbek</li>
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<li>Jakub Wieczorek</li>
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<li>James Tai</li>
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<li>Jason Hinch</li>
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<li>Jeb Rosen</li>
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<li>Jeremy Kaplan</li>
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<li>Joakim Soderlund</li>
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<li>Johannes Liebermann</li>
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<li>John-John Tedro</li>
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<li>Jonah Brüchert</li>
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<li>Jonas Møller</li>
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<li>Jonathan Dickinson</li>
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<li>Jonty</li>
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<li>Joscha</li>
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<li>Joshua Nitschke</li>
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<li>JR Heard</li>
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<li>Juhasz Sandor</li>
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<li>Julian Büttner</li>
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<li>Juraj Fiala</li>
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<li>Kenneth Allen</li>
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<li>Kevin Wang</li>
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<li>Kian-Meng Ang</li>
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<li>Konrad Borowski</li>
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<li>Leonora Tindall</li>
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<li>lewis</li>
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<li>Lionel G</li>
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<li>Lucille Blumire</li>
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<li>Mai-Lapyst</li>
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<li>Manuel</li>
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<li>Marc Schreiber</li>
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<li>Marc-Stefan Cassola</li>
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<li>Marshall Bowers</li>
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<li>Martin1887</li>
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<li>Martinez</li>
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<li>Matthew Pomes</li>
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<li>Maxime Guerreiro</li>
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<li>meltinglava</li>
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<li>Michael Howell</li>
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<li>Mikail Bagishov</li>
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<li>mixio</li>
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<li>multisn8</li>
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<li>Necmettin Karakaya</li>
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<li>Ning Sun</li>
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<li>Nya</li>
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<li>Paolo Barbolini</li>
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<li>Paul Smith</li>
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<li>Paul van Tilburg</li>
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<li>Paul Weaver</li>
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<li>pennae</li>
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<li>Petr Portnov</li>
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<li>philipp</li>
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<li>Pieter Frenssen</li>
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<li>PROgrm_JARvis</li>
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<li>Razican</li>
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<li>Redrield</li>
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<li>Rémi Lauzier</li>
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<li>Riley Patterson</li>
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<li>Rodolphe Bréard</li>
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<li>Roger Mo</li>
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<li>RotesWasser</li>
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<li>rotoclone</li>
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<li>Rudi Floren</li>
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<li>Samuele Esposito</li>
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<li>Scott McMurray</li>
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<li>Sergio Benitez</li>
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<li>Silas Sewell</li>
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<li>Soham Roy</li>
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<li>Stuart Hinson</li>
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<li>Thibaud Martinez</li>
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<li>Thomas Eckert</li>
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<li>ThouCheese</li>
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<li>Tilen Pintarič</li>
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<li>timando</li>
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<li>timokoesters</li>
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<li>toshokan</li>
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<li>TotalKrill</li>
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<li>Vasili</li>
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<li>Vladimir Ignatev</li>
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<li>Wesley Norris</li>
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<li>xelivous</li>
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<li>YetAnotherMinion</li>
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<li>Yohannes Kifle</li>
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<li>Yusuke Kominami</li>
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</ul>
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## What's Next?
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@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
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[[articles]]
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title = """
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Rocket v0.5: Stable, Async, Featureful
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"""
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slug = "2023-05-26-version-0.5"
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author = "Sergio Benitez"
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author_url = "https://sergio.bz"
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date = "May 26, 2023"
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snippet = """
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I am _elated_ to announce that Rocket v0.5 is generally available. A step
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forward in every direction, it is **packed** with features and improvements that
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increase developer productivity, improve application security and robustness,
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provide new opportunities for extensibility, and deliver a renewed degree of
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toolchain stability.
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"""
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[[articles]]
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title = """
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Rocket's 4th v0.5 Release Candidate
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