An array data structure that can contain a sequence of elements of any type. Elements are accessed by a numerical index starting at 0. Negative indices are used to count from the back (-1 is the last element, -2 is the second to last, etc.).
[b]Note:[/b] Arrays are always passed by reference. To get a copy of an array that can be modified independently of the original array, use [method duplicate].
[b]Differences between packed arrays, typed arrays, and untyped arrays:[/b] Packed arrays are generally faster to iterate on and modify compared to a typed array of the same type (e.g. [PackedInt64Array] versus [code]Array[int][/code]). Also, packed arrays consume less memory. As a downside, packed arrays are less flexible as they don't offer as many convenience methods such as [method Array.map]. Typed arrays are in turn faster to iterate on and modify than untyped arrays.
Creates a typed array from the [param base] array. All arguments are required.
- [param type] is the built-in type as a [enum Variant.Type] constant, for example [constant TYPE_INT].
- [param class_name] is the [b]native[/b] class name, for example [Node]. If [param type] is not [constant TYPE_OBJECT], must be an empty string.
- [param script] is the associated script. Must be a [Script] instance or [code]null[/code].
Examples:
[codeblock]
class_name MyNode
extends Node
class MyClass:
pass
func _ready():
var a = Array([], TYPE_INT, &"", null) # Array[int]
var b = Array([], TYPE_OBJECT, &"Node", null) # Array[Node]
var c = Array([], TYPE_OBJECT, &"Node", MyNode) # Array[MyNode]
var d = Array([], TYPE_OBJECT, &"RefCounted", MyClass) # Array[MyClass]
[/codeblock]
[b]Note:[/b] This constructor can be useful if you want to create a typed array on the fly, but you are not required to use it. In GDScript you can use a temporary variable with the static type you need and then pass it:
Calls the provided [Callable] on each element in the array and returns [code]true[/code] if the [Callable] returns [code]true[/code] for [i]all[/i] elements in the array. If the [Callable] returns [code]false[/code] for one array element or more, this method returns [code]false[/code].
The callable's method should take one [Variant] parameter (the current array element) and return a boolean value.
print([6, 10, 6].all(func(number): return number > 5)) # Prints True. Same as the first line above, but using lambda function.
func greater_than_5(number):
return number > 5
[/codeblock]
See also [method any], [method filter], [method map] and [method reduce].
[b]Note:[/b] Unlike relying on the size of an array returned by [method filter], this method will return as early as possible to improve performance (especially with large arrays).
Calls the provided [Callable] on each element in the array and returns [code]true[/code] if the [Callable] returns [code]true[/code] for [i]one or more[/i] elements in the array. If the [Callable] returns [code]false[/code] for all elements in the array, this method returns [code]false[/code].
The callable's method should take one [Variant] parameter (the current array element) and return a boolean value.
[codeblock]
func _ready():
print([6, 10, 6].any(greater_than_5)) # Prints True (3 elements evaluate to `true`).
print([4, 10, 4].any(greater_than_5)) # Prints True (1 elements evaluate to `true`).
print([4, 4, 4].any(greater_than_5)) # Prints False (0 elements evaluate to `true`).
print([6, 10, 6].any(func(number): return number > 5)) # Prints True. Same as the first line above, but using lambda function.
func greater_than_5(number):
return number > 5
[/codeblock]
See also [method all], [method filter], [method map] and [method reduce].
[b]Note:[/b] Unlike relying on the size of an array returned by [method filter], this method will return as early as possible to improve performance (especially with large arrays).
Returns the last element of the array. Prints an error and returns [code]null[/code] if the array is empty.
[b]Note:[/b] Calling this function is not the same as writing [code]array[-1][/code]. If the array is empty, accessing by index will pause project execution when running from the editor.
Finds the index of an existing value (or the insertion index that maintains sorting order, if the value is not yet present in the array) using binary search. Optionally, a [param before] specifier can be passed. If [code]false[/code], the returned index comes after all existing entries of the value in the array.
Finds the index of an existing value (or the insertion index that maintains sorting order, if the value is not yet present in the array) using binary search and a custom comparison method. Optionally, a [param before] specifier can be passed. If [code]false[/code], the returned index comes after all existing entries of the value in the array. The custom method receives two arguments (an element from the array and the value searched for) and must return [code]true[/code] if the first argument is less than the second, and return [code]false[/code] otherwise.
If [param deep] is [code]true[/code], a deep copy is performed: all nested arrays and dictionaries are duplicated and will not be shared with the original array. If [code]false[/code], a shallow copy is made and references to the original nested arrays and dictionaries are kept, so that modifying a sub-array or dictionary in the copy will also impact those referenced in the source array. Note that any [Object]-derived elements will be shallow copied regardless of the [param deep] setting.
Removes the first occurrence of a value from the array. If the value does not exist in the array, nothing happens. To remove an element by index, use [method remove_at] instead.
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method will be slower if the removed element is close to the beginning of the array (index 0). This is because all elements placed after the removed element have to be reindexed.
Assigns the given value to all elements in the array. This can typically be used together with [method resize] to create an array with a given size and initialized elements:
[b]Note:[/b] If [param value] is of a reference type ([Object]-derived, [Array], [Dictionary], etc.) then the array is filled with the references to the same object, i.e. no duplicates are created.
Returns the first element of the array. Prints an error and returns [code]null[/code] if the array is empty.
[b]Note:[/b] Calling this function is not the same as writing [code]array[0][/code]. If the array is empty, accessing by index will pause project execution when running from the editor.
Returns the [b]native[/b] class name of the typed array if the built-in type is [constant TYPE_OBJECT]. Otherwise, this method returns an empty string.
Returns a hashed 32-bit integer value representing the array and its contents.
[b]Note:[/b] [Array]s with equal content will always produce identical hash values. However, the reverse is not true. Returning identical hash values does [i]not[/i] imply the arrays are equal, because different arrays can have identical hash values due to hash collisions.
Inserts a new element at a given position in the array. The position must be valid, or at the end of the array ([code]pos == size()[/code]). Returns [constant OK] on success, or one of the other [enum Error] values if the operation failed.
[b]Note:[/b] This method acts in-place and doesn't return a modified array.
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method will be slower if the inserted element is close to the beginning of the array (index 0). This is because all elements placed after the newly inserted element have to be reindexed.
Returns [code]true[/code] if the array is read-only. See [method make_read_only]. Arrays are automatically read-only if declared with [code]const[/code] keyword.
Returns [code]true[/code] if the array is typed. Typed arrays can only store elements of their associated type and provide type safety for the [code][][/code] operator. Methods of typed array still return [Variant].
Returns the maximum value contained in the array if all elements are of comparable types. If the elements can't be compared, [code]null[/code] is returned.
To find the maximum value using a custom comparator, you can use [method reduce]. In this example every array element is checked and the first maximum value is returned:
Returns the minimum value contained in the array if all elements are of comparable types. If the elements can't be compared, [code]null[/code] is returned.
Removes and returns the element of the array at index [param position]. If negative, [param position] is considered relative to the end of the array. Leaves the array unchanged and returns [code]null[/code] if the array is empty or if it's accessed out of bounds. An error message is printed when the array is accessed out of bounds, but not when the array is empty.
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method can be slower than [method pop_back] as it will reindex the array's elements that are located after the removed element. The larger the array and the lower the index of the removed element, the slower [method pop_at] will be.
Removes and returns the last element of the array. Returns [code]null[/code] if the array is empty, without printing an error message. See also [method pop_front].
Removes and returns the first element of the array. Returns [code]null[/code] if the array is empty, without printing an error message. See also [method pop_back].
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method is much slower than [method pop_back] as it will reindex all the array's elements every time it's called. The larger the array, the slower [method pop_front] will be.
Adds an element at the beginning of the array. See also [method push_back].
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method is much slower than [method push_back] as it will reindex all the array's elements every time it's called. The larger the array, the slower [method push_front] will be.
Calls the provided [Callable] for each element in array and accumulates the result in [param accum].
The callable's method takes two arguments: the current value of [param accum] and the current array element. If [param accum] is [code]null[/code] (default value), the iteration will start from the second element, with the first one used as initial value of [param accum].
Removes an element from the array by index. If the index does not exist in the array, nothing happens. To remove an element by searching for its value, use [method erase] instead.
[b]Note:[/b] On large arrays, this method will be slower if the removed element is close to the beginning of the array (index 0). This is because all elements placed after the removed element have to be reindexed.
[b]Note:[/b] [param position] cannot be negative. To remove an element relative to the end of the array, use [code]arr.remove_at(arr.size() - (i + 1))[/code]. To remove the last element from the array without returning the value, use [code]arr.resize(arr.size() - 1)[/code].
Resizes the array to contain a different number of elements. If the array size is smaller, elements are cleared, if bigger, new elements are [code]null[/code]. Returns [constant OK] on success, or one of the other [enum Error] values if the operation failed.
Searches the array in reverse order. Optionally, a start search index can be passed. If negative, the start index is considered relative to the end of the array.
Shuffles the array such that the items will have a random order. This method uses the global random number generator common to methods such as [method @GlobalScope.randi]. Call [method @GlobalScope.randomize] to ensure that a new seed will be used each time if you want non-reproducible shuffling.
Returns the slice of the [Array], from [param begin] (inclusive) to [param end] (exclusive), as a new [Array].
The absolute value of [param begin] and [param end] will be clamped to the array size, so the default value for [param end] makes it slice to the size of the array by default (i.e. [code]arr.slice(1)[/code] is a shorthand for [code]arr.slice(1, arr.size())[/code]).
If either [param begin] or [param end] are negative, they will be relative to the end of the array (i.e. [code]arr.slice(0, -2)[/code] is a shorthand for [code]arr.slice(0, arr.size() - 2)[/code]).
If specified, [param step] is the relative index between source elements. It can be negative, then [param begin] must be higher than [param end]. For example, [code][0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice(5, 1, -2)[/code] returns [code][5, 3][/code].
[b]Note:[/b] To include the first element when [param step] is negative, use [code]arr.slice(begin, -arr.size() - 1, step)[/code] (i.e. [code][0, 1, 2].slice(1, -4, -1)[/code] returns [code][1, 0][/code]).
[b]Note:[/b] The sorting algorithm used is not [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability]stable[/url]. This means that values considered equal may have their order changed when using [method sort].
[b]Note:[/b] Strings are sorted in alphabetical order (as opposed to natural order). This may lead to unexpected behavior when sorting an array of strings ending with a sequence of numbers. Consider the following example:
Sorts the array using a custom method. The custom method receives two arguments (a pair of elements from the array) and must return either [code]true[/code] or [code]false[/code]. For two elements [code]a[/code] and [code]b[/code], if the given method returns [code]true[/code], element [code]b[/code] will be after element [code]a[/code] in the array.
[b]Note:[/b] The sorting algorithm used is not [url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorting_algorithm#Stability]stable[/url]. This means that values considered equal may have their order changed when using [method sort_custom].
[b]Note:[/b] You cannot randomize the return value as the heapsort algorithm expects a deterministic result. Randomizing the return value will result in unexpected behavior.
Compares the left operand [Array] against the [param right] [Array]. Returns [code]true[/code] if the sizes or contents of the arrays are [i]not[/i] equal, [code]false[/code] otherwise.
Concatenates two [Array]s together, with the [param right] [Array] being added to the end of the [Array] specified in the left operand. For example, [code][1, 2] + [3, 4][/code] results in [code][1, 2, 3, 4][/code].
Performs a comparison for each index between the left operand [Array] and the [param right] [Array], considering the highest common index of both arrays for this comparison: Returns [code]true[/code] on the first occurrence of an element that is less, or [code]false[/code] if the element is greater. Note that depending on the type of data stored, this function may be recursive. If all elements are equal, it compares the length of both arrays and returns [code]false[/code] if the left operand [Array] has fewer elements, otherwise it returns [code]true[/code].
Performs a comparison for each index between the left operand [Array] and the [param right] [Array], considering the highest common index of both arrays for this comparison: Returns [code]true[/code] on the first occurrence of an element that is less, or [code]false[/code] if the element is greater. Note that depending on the type of data stored, this function may be recursive. If all elements are equal, it compares the length of both arrays and returns [code]true[/code] if the left operand [Array] has the same number of elements or fewer, otherwise it returns [code]false[/code].
Compares the left operand [Array] against the [param right] [Array]. Returns [code]true[/code] if the sizes and contents of the arrays are equal, [code]false[/code] otherwise.
Performs a comparison for each index between the left operand [Array] and the [param right] [Array], considering the highest common index of both arrays for this comparison: Returns [code]true[/code] on the first occurrence of an element that is greater, or [code]false[/code] if the element is less. Note that depending on the type of data stored, this function may be recursive. If all elements are equal, it compares the length of both arrays and returns [code]true[/code] if the [param right] [Array] has more elements, otherwise it returns [code]false[/code].
Performs a comparison for each index between the left operand [Array] and the [param right] [Array], considering the highest common index of both arrays for this comparison: Returns [code]true[/code] on the first occurrence of an element that is greater, or [code]false[/code] if the element is less. Note that depending on the type of data stored, this function may be recursive. If all elements are equal, it compares the length of both arrays and returns [code]true[/code] if the [param right] [Array] has more or the same number of elements, otherwise it returns [code]false[/code].
Returns a reference to the element of type [Variant] at the specified location. Arrays start at index 0. [param index] can be a zero or positive value to start from the beginning, or a negative value to start from the end. Out-of-bounds array access causes a run-time error, which will result in an error being printed and the project execution pausing if run from the editor.
