Plugins are registered via [method EditorPlugin.add_translation_parser_plugin] method. To define the parsing and string extraction logic, override the [method parse_file] method in script.
To add a translatable string associated with context or plural, add it to [code]msgids_context_plural[/code]:
[codeblock]
msgids_ctx_plural.append(["Test 1", "context", "test 1 plurals"]) # This will add a message with msgid "Test 1", msgctxt "context", and msgid_plural "test 1 plurals".
msgids_ctx_plural.append(["A test without context", "", "plurals"]) # This will add a message with msgid "A test without context" and msgid_plural "plurals".
msgids_ctx_plural.append(["Only with context", "a friendly context", ""]) # This will add a message with msgid "Only with context" and msgctxt "a friendly context".
[b]Note:[/b] If you override parsing logic for standard script types (GDScript, C#, etc.), it would be better to load the [code]path[/code] argument using [method ResourceLoader.load]. This is because built-in scripts are loaded as [Resource] type, not [File] type.